Сейджи Арао — Книга 2: Мастер Шантидева, занятие 7

[ШАПКА ДЛЯ ЦИТИРОВАНИЯ]
Курс: Seiji Arao — Book 2: Master Shantideva (Diamond Cutter Classics) — «Руководство к образу жизни бодхисаттвы» Мастера Шантидевы
Урок: занятие 07 — Winter '23, Guide to the Bodhisattva's Way of Life, Class 4
Ведёт: Геше Майкл Роуч; перевод: Сейджи Арао
Дата и место: зима 2023, место не указано
Источник: YouTube, канал Diamond Cutter Classics, плейлист PL1KVm5jgTljSp6vDnCG3LZlYhA2STM3UR; расшифровка TurboScribe
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[Говорящий 2]
Nick, are you there? Yeah, it's time, CT.

[Говорящий 1]
Yay, Verwoodpala, right?

[Говорящий 2]
Yes.

[Говорящий 1]
Okay, so I guess we can start with a quiz while we wait for other people to come back. Okay, super easy. We didn't, we get to cover, I think, two paragraphs, so you'll see.

Stopping organic Sanskrit rules. Let's see. Who can remember what were the organic Sanskrit rules we learned last class?

There are five.

[Говорящий 2]
There are... 800 rules?

[Говорящий 1]
I'll take the title and you tell me what they are.

[Говорящий 2]
Oh, great.

[Говорящий 1]
Roots and additives.

[Говорящий 2]
There are 800 verbal roots.

[Говорящий 1]
Uh-huh. Oh, I didn't write that. Sanskrit's founded on verbal roots, and those roots have suffixes and prefixes added to them to make words?

Yep. Yep.

[Говорящий 2]
There you go. Highly predictable. Right.

[Говорящий 1]
Yes. Right. Cool.

Awesome.

[Говорящий 2]
Generative grammar, yeah, yeah.

[Говорящий 1]
Right. Okay, who remembers the next one? Super, super easy.

This has something to do with a long A.

[Говорящий 3]
When in doubt, check Oscar in the chat.

[Говорящий 2]
Oscar says it's the negative A now. It's not the privative A. Oh, right, now it's negative A.

[Говорящий 1]
That's right.

[Говорящий 2]
Negative A, yes.

[Говорящий 1]
Yes. Negative A. That sounds much more organic.

Right. I know a lot of negative A's myself. Just wanted to confirm, Geshe-la, we are sticking with negative, right?

Not privative. Yeah, and by the way, Seiji and Christina, anytime I use a big grammar word, force me to use something that everybody can understand, and we might change the study of sense. Like, instead of euphonic combination, we might say, you know, sound, sound changes.

Something like that, okay. Okay, anyway, go ahead, Seiji. Is this right?

[Говорящий 2]
You said a long A. Do we not mean a short A? It's A as a prefix.

Oh, sorry. It's A as a prefix, yes. A-.

[Говорящий 1]
A-, oh.

[Говорящий 2]
Yeah. A-, yeah. There you go.

[Говорящий 1]
Yeah. Uh-oh. A and A.

Short A. By the way, you have this A in English. It came into English through the Greek.

Atheist, agnostic, political, stuff like that. Uh-huh. Cool.

All right, number five. The title is Long and Short Vowels. Ooh.

Thank you for doing this, Seiji. Thank you for doing this on your homework for the rest of your life. Thank you.

Cool. Christina is helping me to create the definitive one. I'm looking forward to seeing it.

Yay. Sanskrit has long and short vowels, which have different sound qualities and are held for different beats. Short for one, long for two.

Yay. Thanks, Warren. Yay.

And then the next one is kind of the same thing. We were going to start a list of the critics. By the way, let's get a new word for it.

I kind of call them pronunciation marks. How's that? Oh, list of.

Yeah, I got a sign of approval in the peanut gallery here. All right, cool. And the last one.

It was about. Is that a mind-only slot you're talking about? That's right.

Oh, for a, wait. Letter. Okay.

The last one, it was more about. Root text and poetry. Do you guys remember?

[Говорящий 2]
Yeah, it's easier to memorize when it's. In poetry that has meter. And then he also talked about how glossaries are just a horrible idea.

[Говорящий 1]
Right.

[Говорящий 2]
Because the words are. As in Tibetan, they chop out bits or they add bits or something. The words are twisted so that they meet.

Make meter.

[Говорящий 1]
Awesome. Okay. By the way, I started naming them like this.

I don't know. Maybe we can change the. The nomenclature.

I just.

[Говорящий 2]
That's what I did.

[Говорящий 1]
I'm looking forward to Christina making a system. Because it's a challenge. I'd like to them to be sort of in order, but.

I'd like them to be by section also. So you're going to have to figure it out. Cool.

All right. And then we had two chapters. One mentioned leisure and fortune.

So I'm going to talk about leisure and fortune. But let's start with that. Generally speaking.

Without going into big details of 10 and eight. What is leisure and fortune? The stuff that you.

Have and the stuff that isn't blocking you. Cool. A little bit more detail.

Not bad. Stuff that's like relating. If you have it, you can go to the Philippines.

Well, yeah. You're right. A little bit more.

Yeah. You know, like this very, very rare opportunity we have. Of having teachings available to us.

And us having the perfect. Opportunity. Interest.

Time, et cetera. To learn about these. Great ideas.

Well, Sage, the reason I said it that way actually is because. You know, leisure and fortune is the classical. You know, Translation.

What I finally kind of got it just like. Yeah. Fortune is the stuff that you have that helps you in leisure is the stuff that.

You don't have that would block you. And that's. Wow.

Cool. Yeah. I thought it was.

Like the eight.

[Говорящий 3]
The eight or more likes things that relate to you, your person. And then the 10 is more like things that relate to. Like the country.

[Говорящий 1]
You're right. That too. I think it's both.

Yeah. Yeah. That's how I remember them.

Yeah. That's a, that's a cool point of view. Word.

Do you guys remember? What beautiful. Imagery or metaphor was given to describe this.

It had something to do with a dark night. Clouds. Right.

[Говорящий 2]
And it was like, oh yeah. Across the sky for an instant.

[Говорящий 1]
Right. And what did they represent? The bolt.

The bolts.

[Говорящий 3]
I said like once in a million. One in a million years, but I. I had a question because I thought it referred to something like something only lasting an instant.

Like it comes and goes so quickly that we got to like, Jump on it rather than like one in a million years or something. I wasn't sure.

[Говорящий 1]
Well, I think it's both. Oh yeah.

[Говорящий 3]
I was like, lightning is definitely not something we see in one in a million years. We see it constantly.

[Говорящий 1]
Right. Right.

[Говорящий 3]
Depending on where you live, I guess.

[Говорящий 2]
Just doesn't last very long. Right.

[Говорящий 1]
Both. Yeah. Yeah.

Yeah. You're unfortunate. Darkest night would fill with clouds.

Suddenly lighting both strikes. Likely more representing good karma of the world and the necessary mental capacities. And yeah, how rare and how.

Yeah. How rare it is. Yeah.

Cool. Super easy vocabulary words. Yeah.

Down your.

[Говорящий 2]
Major important. Yay.

[Говорящий 1]
Oh, And look. Electricity. Right.

Yeah. All right. Oh yeah.

You were saying that this was on a mat. Right. It's it.

It was the sound that they thought it'd make or something like that. No, I don't think so. By the way.

Yeah. The Sanskrit though is interesting. I think it's a bid you.

Which is still the word in Hindi for electricity. Oh, Okay. Lightning is the word in both languages for electricity.

Cool. Somebody put their finger in the electricity. Who was that?

I've definitely done it. No, you know, it was. No.

No. Somebody else. Definitely.

So, Yeah. Anyway, I'll let you know later. I can't remember.

Okay. Okay. All right.

Here's a translation and I have a convention to make. I did start with a. With trying to look at the individual words and trying to do it on my own.

But then I remember. We remembered that they were already translated. So.

I just wanted to show you. We're throwing out that transaction. Oh, okay.

No, you can't patch translations. You can't put. New wine in old.

Wine bags. Oh, okay.

[Говорящий 3]
Can you drink the old wine for inspiration?

[Говорящий 1]
Yeah, you can. That's for sure. Awesome.

[Говорящий 3]
Helps me a lot. Thanks, man. What do you put in the bag?

Too late to hide. Keep it in the cellar.

[Говорящий 1]
Yeah. Therefore. Our good karma.

Is. Little. Yeah, good.

And by the way, you don't have to do it my way. I'm just wanting to make sure you know the words. Therefore, virtue.

Yum. What's the modern colloquial meaning of numb to you guys.

[Говорящий 2]
Little.

[Говорящий 1]
It means. Yum. In modern colloquial means.

Somebody who is shy. Or retiring. Yeah.

So he's saying here, our good karma is kind of shy. Like wimpy.

[Говорящий 2]
Okay.

[Говорящий 1]
And. Stupor and knee. Okay.

Is nothing more than. Minimal. Minimum.

Okay. And then you have to read the talk across the line. And this is a principle of.

Sanskrit and Tibetan poetry. If they cannot make the meter. They will crush part of the second line into the end of the first line.

So sometimes you have, we call it, you have to read across the lines. So add talk to the second line, and then you got it. Cut the talk from the first line and add it to the second line.

Now what does it mean. Dig but don't change. No, I mean, not, not physically, but in your mind.

Oh. Our Digpas are dakpa. Dakpa means dakpa?

[Говорящий 2]
Changing.

[Говорящий 1]
Yeah, we're constantly, we're constantly doing bad deeds. So you have to read the talk across the line to the Digpas. Oh, right.

We're constantly doing bad deeds. They are topchen. Superpower.

They are very powerful. Now, a special thing about Misepa. Misepa has two separate meanings.

And you never quite know which one they're talking about. Do you know what they are you guys? Yeah.

Never runs out or no patience. Never runs out or unbearable. Unbearable.

This is the same sepa as sepa. It means unbearable. So when you see Misepa, you have to evaluate mentally.

Is he talking about endless? Or is he talking about unbearable? I assume there's a difference in the Sanskrit, but I don't know.

Must be. Must be endless. In this case, I thought it was unbearable.

I think I would say unbearable maybe. Genla. Yeah?

He's saying the dikpas are topchen, super strong, and then shintu, mitsepa, like endless. Super endless. Well, I don't see how you have to say super on top of endless.

It says shintu. He said it, not me. I'm just saying, how can it be more endless than endless?

I don't know. By the way, oftentimes when it means unbearable, they will say shintu. Completely unbearable.

Hey, Word, study the Sanskrit and let us know. I'm looking right now. I knew you were.

I was just checking. Thank you. There's the Sanskrit.

Sugoram, I think, I'm guessing, which means super terrible. I'm guessing. Okay.

Let's keep going and he's going to figure it out. Wait, wait, wait. Third and fourth lines.

Oh, sorry, sorry, sorry. Yeah. de nyi dzokpay chan chub sem nunpa, gye shen kang gi sil kyi nunpa Well, the fourth line is easy.

What's sil kyi nunpa? Outshines. Yeah.

What outshines other kinds of good karma? Only the wish. The sem.

Yeah, chan chub gi sem, bodhichitta. And then sometimes they call it complete bodhichitta. What's that mean?

[Говорящий 3]
Full enlightenment, meaning no lower school?

[Говорящий 1]
Yeah, the wish for full enlightenment, rather than the wish for a self-made Buddha enlightenment or a listener enlightenment. Which are also bodhichittas, but they're not bodhichitta. Okay?

Okay. And why does he say de nyi? Anybody?

My good karma is wimpy. I'm always making tremendous bad deeds. It's unbearable.

De nyi. That's not going to... With just that...

In that same manner? I don't know. If it were me, I would probably read it as, what thing is there?

I would take it as, what thing is there? What thing is there which is not bodhichitta, which could outshine all other virtues? That's all.

I mean, I would take de nyi as gong word. Oh, like question mark? Like what?

Question word? Yeah, like what thing is it that's not bodhichitta, that would still outshine every other kind of virtue? There's no such thing.

I would read it that way. Part of why I want to translate it again, Seiji, is I... Hopefully I've learned something since 1993 or whatever it was.

My mind has also... I mean, I've worked hard during those 25 years, and I think I have new insights into it. Okay.

That's going to be first, handsome. Oh, sorry, I forgot to read them. GAL PA THU MA RAB TONG ZE PA YI THUB WANG NAM KYI NDI NYI PEN PAR ZIG NDI NYI SEMS KYI WO TSUNG I want you to read that apostrophe D-I-S, and I want you to stretch it out.

NDI NYI Good. NDI NYI SEMS KYI WO TSUNG NAM KYI DE CHOG DE LANG NYID DU THOB PAR BYED Good. Somebody has gombaed about it for GAL PA THU MA.

What's that mean? For many eons? Yeah, there's some people...

Some people have considered this question for countless... for millions of years. There's certain people who have considered a certain question for millions of years.

And they are the two bhwangs. The victors, lords of the victors? Yeah, and what they were trying to think about for all of those millions of years is, what would PAM PA SEMS CANS...

What would help living beings? Yeah, what would help people? So it's not like they gave it some thought.

They spent millions of years looking at options of how to help people, and they decided number one is bodhichitta. And that's an extraordinary statement. A big busload of omniscient guys have thought about it for a couple million years.

What would help people? And they came up with bodhichitta. That's number one on their list.

SIK, why SIK? Why honorific SIK? Because the Buddhas?

It's a verb? Because they saw the Buddhas. Yeah, they saw that only this is...

DIN GYI means only this is of most help for everybody. If you can reach bodhichitta, that's the best thing you can do to help everybody. And they thought about it for millions of years, and they decided that's what it is.

And they used the honorific SIK as in the name...

[Говорящий 2]
CHEN REG SIK Amen.

[Говорящий 1]
Cool, cool. All right. And...

TSE MED In the third line... Well, first of all, what's a kyewo tsok? What's a tsok?

Tsok means a crowd or a collection of kyewo sentients. Yeah, big crowds of people. How many TSE MED?

Countless. It's measurable. Not mana.

This is the pramana, right? No measure. Okay?

Immeasurable living beings. If they use this, it will help them... THOB PA DE BA CHOG By the way, the Tibetan translator is having fun.

DE CHOG DE LA DE CHOG DE LA They can get to ultimate DE BA. Yeah, and DE LA means super easy. NI means super, super easy.

They can get ultimate happiness super easy. Just change your attitude. You don't have to do anything.

You don't have to work hard. Just change your attitude. That's how you can...

Good. They can achieve ultimate happiness. What's the other meaning of DE CHOG?

MAHA SUKHA MAHA SUKHA Here it is. SANG BARA, please. Not SAM BARA.

There's no such thing as an M before a V in Sanskrit. There's no such thing as chakra SAM BARA or SAM SARA. It's an N sound before V and before S.

Chakra SAM BARA. Like you can imagine you're a fish and everything is... SAM BARA Not SAM BARA.

Not Texas. Paris. Texas say SAM BARA.

Texas say... Paris say SAM BARA. Okay.

Paris is correct in Sanskrit. Okay, next verse. I don't want to hear the Texas accent.

I'm Sanskrit. It's one of the most irritating things in life. Okay.

SIPA'I DUGNAL GYA CHAK SHUM DUG CHING SEM CHENG MYIN PAS SEL WARN DUG PA THANG DE MANG GYAP CHAK CHER PAR DUG PA KHYUNG CHANG CHUB SEM GNYIS THAG TU THANG MI CHA Now, I don't want you pronouncing T's like they do in Carlsbad. They say THANG MI CHA, which means I'm extremely tired. And what we have here is THANG MI CHA.

Really, THANG means give it up. THANG means I'm so tired. THANG CHAD SHA means I'm really wiped out.

So don't say THANG when you should THANG. All right. I'm just making fun of you.

Five years ago. Nick, the only reason I... Veronica told me I should make sure to say this.

The reason I pick you so much is that I know you love me and you won't get mad. Okay, here we go. You notice there's some people I never pick on because I know they might shoot me.

Last line here. You should THAG TU MI STONG CHANG CHUB SEM. THAG TU MI STONG Oh, you should never give up the wish?

Nice. Perfect. Never give up the wish.

Never give up the wish. Why? And then the S on the DGOS PA in the third line at the end is very important now.

Never give it up because blah blah blah and blah blah blah and blah blah blah. That little tiny S on DGOS PA means because. And now you just have to say first line, second line, third line.

Never give it up because... SRED PA'I SDUG BSNGAL RGYA TZAM SHONG DU BYING SEMS CAN MI DE SEMS PA'I DUS PA DANG DUS PA'I DUS PA'I DUS PA DANG What are the three things? This...

Good, go ahead. Cycle of suffering. Good.

RGYA THAG Yeah, hundreds. Hundreds. RGYA THAG means is a plural with numbers.

RGYA THAG means hundreds. SHONG is a past tense of... a future tense of MJEONG.

And also DRA CHONG. DRA CHONG If you want to destroy thousands... And by the way, I don't like to say hundreds because in English we say thousands.

I told him a thousand times, he doesn't listen to me. You don't say I told him good times. I guess you do, right?

There are billions of...

[Говорящий 2]
Tens of hundreds.

[Говорящий 1]
Anyway, if you want to destroy millions of sufferings of the circle of life, and if you want to SEL WA, the MI DE WA of lots of SEMS CANS...

[Говорящий 2]
Unhappiness.

[Говорящий 1]
Yeah, and this SEL WA means, as a verb, if you want to get rid of the unhappiness of countless living beings, and if you want to enjoy yourself with hundreds of DE BAS, Okay. Yeah, okay. Then never give up what?

For each other. We're here to help every living being. And by the way, I mean, I start lots of businesses.

I'm busy all day. I have lots of things to do. And I did learn one secret, which is if you just try to help other people, whatever you do will be successful, period.

If you just try to help other people, then anything you do is going to be a crazy success. It's so simple, right? Yeah, okay.

Yes, Shala? Yeah, what happened? Oh, yes, Mr. Hui?

I looked up the MI TSE PA. It is unbearable, or difficult. Sukkotam.

Sukkotam, yeah. Okay, good. Can you find the other MI TSE PA in Sanskrit?

I'm curious. There's plenty of MI TSEs in Locust Chandra. I don't know which one's unbearable, but I'll look around.

I mean, no, we want one that means endless. Endless, I mean. Anantara, something like that, okay?

Okay, I'll look. I'm just wondering, the Tibetan is ambiguous. It could mean endless, and it can mean unbearable.

I think there might be a spelling difference word, and people always mess it up, including me. I'm guessing there's two separate Sanskrit words. One is aghora, which means unbearable, and one is something like ananta, or something like that.

I want you to find it, okay? I'll look, thanks. Good luck, senior.

Human dictionary. I should send Sushumna a dictionary to get her started. I think about that.

She'll do the Edgar Cayce thing. You guys don't know him. He used to sleep on books.

Okay, now I wanted to go back to the Sanskrit... What's it called? Organic Sanskrit principles.

This is one of the most important ones here. If you're going to learn Sanskrit, you should know the difference between one, two, three, four, five, six things, okay? If you're going to learn Sanskrit, you better know the difference between six things.

One is roots, okay? Normally, how many letters? Yeah.

Three, two or three. Well, I should say most often, okay? Like, how about vert?

Let's see here. Okay, vert. Which means to turn, okay?

Like a vortex. What do we have here? By the way, if you really want to get your meditation up to a high level, come here and sit on a red rock.

Okay. So, vert. And then you've got a vowel in the middle and you've got two consonants on either side.

That's most common, it's not only that. That's called a root. Most roots are verbs or nouns.

Verbs. Verbal. Actions.

Most of them are actions. Okay, almost always actions. There are some exceptions, but mostly we can say verbal roots, simply.

Actions. Then you have to get used... And if you learn to do this, you're going to have so much fun with Sanskrit, go to the middle of the word, find the verbal root.

Then look in front of it and see what got put in front of it. And that's called a prefix, okay? Like ver, ver means horrible.

Horrible comes from ghor, g-h-o-r. And we just had su-ghora, which means super bad. I'm so bad.

No. Okay. So, su means good, right?

But su-ghora means super bad. And we had mi-sepa, right? So, su is a prefix that means good.

And then ghora is built from the root, which is ghor, okay? And which came into English as horrible. So, okay.

So you got prefixes. What's a suffix? Something you add at the end, okay?

Something you add at the end. In the word unbearable, you got su, which means super, and super comes from su. And then you've got ghor, which is the root g-h-o-r.

And then you have an a, su-ghora. Okay, we just had it, just now. That's the word that word found for me.

Su-ghora, which means super bad. Super bad. The a at the end is a suffix, and it changes the meaning of the word.

The su at the beginning is a prefix, and then in between those two, I want you to learn to look for the middle. And when we're teaching people, Word told me when he teaches Tibetan in the morning, when you're first, first, first learning Tibetan, you tell people, look, focus at the letters on the inside. Just forget the last letter, forget the first letters, focus on the letters.

When you're pronouncing, don't pronounce the prefix letters, don't pronounce the suffix letters. Now, ending comes in two flavors mainly. Okay, say conjugation and declension.

And maybe we'll call it verb endings and noun endings. Wouldn't that be easier? All right.

But you wouldn't look so smart to other people. Yeah, conjugation means verb endings. Declension means noun endings.

Like I don't know, if you want to say in the king or at the king, you say raja, raja means king, right? And then the conjugation, sorry, the declension of the noun, it is raja. Raja changes to raja at the king, or raja to the king, like that.

So endings in English, you use prepositions, to the king, on the king, for the king, at the king, and in Sanskrit, you just change a few letters at the end of king. Okay, and that's an ending, that's a declension. Conjugation means, I contracted, or ed at the end is conjugation, okay?

And that means you change the ending of the verb to indicate past tense, future tense, continuous tense, imperative tense, there's a whole pile of them. 64 variations. Sanskrit is extremely precise.

In fact, you could call it Sanskrit.

[Говорящий 2]
Well put together language.

[Говорящий 1]
Sanskrit, Sanskrit. So get to know these words, okay? The root is mainly three letters in the middle of the word.

Mainly. Prefixes is stuff you add before like, apurva, apurva. I'm not saying my book is apurva.

Not something? Something no one ever wrote before. Something, apurva means not before.

We just had it. Okay, I'm not saying my book is anything new. So that's the prefix.

Suffix means like ed, you know? He painted the house. And that makes it past.

Sorry, yeah, suffix. And then there are endings that indicate time and place and things like that. So learn these words, okay?

If you know these things, you can figure out the meaning of any Sanskrit word. It's totally predictable, which is why it's called Sanskrita. Sanskrit is 99% predictable.

If you never saw a word, you can guess what it should be, if you know the root. It's very funny. It's very cool, you know?

You can guess what's the noun. You can guess what's the, you know, if you know these things. All right, next one.

What was number six? I don't remember number six.

[Говорящий 3]
You said roots.

[Говорящий 1]
Oh, I'm just saying roots, prefixes, suffixes, endings, conjugation, and declension. And really, endings and conjugation and declension are kinds of endings. Okay.

Who is that young lady in uniform? I wish they all could be.

[Говорящий 2]
California. Okay.

[Говорящий 1]
All right. These first two words of the Sanskrit here are tasmat. Say tasmat.

And shubha. Tasmat. With a T, mat.

And SH, shubha. So tasmat means in that way. And shubha means gewa.

Good thing. But there's a rule in Sanskrit. If something ends in a T and it bumps into something that starts with an SH, the SH changes to CH, and then the T has to change into C.

Oh. Okay. I'll say it again.

Let's say red book, okay? Red book. I have a red book.

And in Sanskrit, if you said red book, you would have to change the D to B. Red book. I have a red book.

When two letters bang into each other, they often change. Okay. To fit together better.

It's like cutting two pieces of wood in... What do they call that? Cut a log.

There's a word. A dovetail. You cut this wood like this, and you cut this wood like this, and they fit together better.

So in Sanskrit, when words bump into each other, oftentimes the bumping place letters will change. Okay. So we're going to, instead of euphonic combination, we're going to call it bumping place letters.

No. Did you have a question?

[Говорящий 2]
Yeah. So there's a text like, and therefore, we picked up the teaching from the book. How do you do that in Sanskrit?

[Говорящий 1]
Well, there's many rules. And... Yeah.

What did she say, Geshe-la? When the red changes to red book, then sometimes the B in book has to change.

[Говорящий 2]
Oh.

[Говорящий 1]
If you say red book in Sanskrit, then the D in red will change to B. And then the B in book will look back at the new B and say, I don't like you. And he'll change to V.

So it goes both ways. There's a mutual change that happens. Okay.

And it's a little nasty. I'll tell you an example here. The third word here, it's durbalam.

Durbalam. You guys know bala, which has no long A. You don't say bala.

[Говорящий 2]
Power?

[Говорящий 1]
Bala means power. Yeah. And in the diamond way, it has a special meaning on sechu.

Okay. But the word for bad is dus, like douche bag. No, I'm kidding.

I'm just kidding. Nick's having a hard time. No, the ancient Sanskrit was dus, dus, dus.

And that came into Greek as dys, which means dysfunctional. It means bad. Okay.

But that S has to change to R before B. So we got durbalam, which means nyam chung here. And I told you it meant shy or wimpy.

Yeah, wimpy or shy. Durbalam. Which is really dysbala, which is really dysfunctional.

Okay. So it came into Greek as dys. Disease comes from that.

Dys-ease. You're not at ease. You see?

So anyway, the S has to change to R. And that's called, in the old Sanskrit study like 100 years ago, it's called euphonic combination. Euphonic means let's make the sound better.

Sounds better to say durbalam than dys-dysbalam. And your mouth, the theory is in ancient Sanskrit that your mouth will naturally make euphonic combination, and you're not even aware of it. It's hard to say a sibilant S and then go to a labial B.

The R is closer in the mouth, in the clacking together of teeth and tongue and palate. This durbalam is easier to say than dysbalam. And that's the whole theory.

It's where your tongue and teeth naturally go. Okay, anyway. When do they change?

There's a lot of rules, and I'm not going to try to teach you that today. I'm not going to try to teach you when you do this. Yeah, that's true.

All right. How much time we got? We have 10 minutes of class left.

Sound combination? Maybe. Let's think about it.

Pronunciation combination. You can say pronunciation combination. That's pretty good.

Okay, now I want to start teaching you guys the resources that you have at your disposal due to John Brady's project. We have very, very valuable Sanskrit resources that are available to you in our search program. And we spent years typing them in, many years typing them in.

And I never showed them to you once, because you weren't ready. So, I'm going to show you just one, and then we're going to learn more about it. There's a guy named, what's Lokesh Chandra's dad's name?

Raghuvira. He lived about 100 years ago, and he got on a horse and went to Tibet from India. He's a great Indian scholar, and he always used to think of ragu spaghetti sauce.

So, he went to Tibet, and he was a crazy book collector. He even went to Mongolia, and he collected thousands of, several, I think three or four thousand books, ancient books, and he brought them back to India. And he had a son named Lokesh Chandra.

Loka-ish means lord of the world, Lokesh. There's some combination there. And Chandra means moon, right?

He had a son named Lokesh Chandra, and he taught him everything he knew. And he gave him his book collection. Lokesh Chandra is now 95.

He's still alive. He has a crush on John Brady. So, there's two people, Chani and Lokesh Chandra.

And he offered John his whole book collection. And we were a little hesitant to ship it, because it's so valuable, and the Indian government passed a law that we couldn't ship it. The Congress passed a law.

So, anyway, Lokesh Chandra spent a huge part of his long life making a dictionary of Tibetan and Sanskrit. So, he took the kanyar and the tengar, which is 4,600 books, and he went through every book that had a Sanskrit survivor. And then he made a dictionary of word by word.

Balan means here, power, right? And he put the Sanskrit word and the Tibetan word next to each other. And then he did that for like 30, 40 years of his life.

And because of him, we have an extraordinary Tibetan-Sanskrit dictionary. He took every surviving Sanskrit book that has a Tibetan translation. He took out every single word, and he made a dictionary.

And it is unbelievable. It is off the charts. Then he wrote it out by hand, and he hired a Tibetan to write the Tibetan.

And he wrote the Sanskrit, and they started writing on pieces of paper in New Delhi in like 1960 or something. And then slowly, and he would release a book every 10 years. He would release a dictionary, a piece every 10 years.

He didn't try to go from A to B and C to D. He did A to Z, and then he did A to Z over again. So, it's a little bit of a problem.

So, it's got like 10 of these, 15 of these mini dictionaries, and together they're like this big. We typed in all of them. We typed in all of them.

And then while we were typing them, with Tibetans who didn't know Sanskrit, we were very fortunate that an eminent Sanskrit scholar was visiting South India. And he agreed to sit down and check the whole goddamn thing. And his name is John Campbell.

[Говорящий 3]
He's your yoga teacher tomorrow.

[Говорящий 1]
Yeah, and I want to say something. I hate bad entries. I hate bad work.

And he did a perfect job in every single entry. It was perfect, and it's an extraordinary piece of work. And because it's in the computer, it doesn't matter that there's 10 books, because it can search all of them at the same time.

So, we have the greatest Sanskrit dictionary ever assembled with the Tibetan. And it's extraordinary. It's really, really extraordinary.

So, I'm going to show it to you on the screen. I'll show you. We talked about Aghora today.

And by the way, Aghora has many, many Diamond Way meanings, which I cannot talk about. But let's take Aghora. Yeah?

I found the meat saver too. What is it? The other one.

Akashaya. Oh, good. Yeah, no limit.

Like the sky or something like that. Yeah, something like that. Okay, so here's, on the screen, can you see this box?

This is our search program. You can search a million pages of the Tibetan books, which we have imported for 35 years. You can search a million pages of the Kangyur and Tengur.

A million and a half. Two and a half million pages. And you can search all the Sanskrit that we've put in, which is a lot.

I'm going to say Chandra. Here's my second search field. It's Chandra.

I click on Chandra, which means I want to search for the word Aghora in Chandra. This is what I want to show our friends, Rosa. This is what they're going to do for me.

I'm going to search it. Now, I'm going to hit the button, and you count how many seconds it takes to check every Sanskrit word in the universe. One, two, three.

Done. Okay, done. It took, what?

Half a second. Half a second. Yeah.

And there it is. Here it means Jigpa. It means problem or something.

And then you can hit it again. Here it's Aghora, Anghora. Here it means fear.

Here it means beer. Here it means fear. Like that.

You can search, and it takes zero seconds. If I'm going to teach you Sanskrit, and if you're already studying Tibetan, if you don't know how to use Lokas Chandra, you're a loser. Okay, got it?

It's so amazing. It's so amazing. And this is just extra stuff for John Brady.

This is on top of the 376,000 catalog entries he's made in Mongolia and St. Petersburg. 376,000 books, catalog. And you can search them.

It's awesome. He's a genius. That's why the hair burned off.

All right. We got the rights for the dictionary. So, my last Sanskrit thing for this term, I think.

Seiji, is that your last class? No, tomorrow. Okay, so today's Sanskrit lesson.

For goodness sake, learn to use the search program. Or you're missing. It's like you're blind or something.

Learn to use the search program. It's amazing. Yeah, it's called Gopher.

That's another story. Okay, I think... Seiji, do you want to give us a quick wrap-up?

I know I'm using up your time for the Sanskrit, and I don't care. Okay. It's good for everybody.

Cool, cool. So, today we saw Sanskrit rule number eight. Difference between roots, prefixes, suffixes, and endings.

Nice. Roots are mostly three layers in the middle, prefixes in the front, suffixes in the end. And after that, endings, which can be either conjugations, meaning verb endings, or declensions, which is noun endings.

Okay. Cool. Cool.

I think that's it, yeah. Okay, cool. All right, see you guys in the morning.

[Говорящий 3]
Yay, thank you, Geshe-la.

[Говорящий 1]
Yep. Thank you, Geshe-la. It's going to be awesome.

We're going to have a lot of fun. Sashimi. Sashimi.

Anything else, Uncle Nick? No, we'll do some thank yous tomorrow. Oh, yeah, one quick thing.

Turns out Mr. Campbell can't lead a yoga class tomorrow, so if anybody wants to lead a yoga class, just hit me up soon, by tomorrow. Hey, Nick, Anjali is here tonight, and she's offering, if you would like. Wonderful, you're on.

But just make sure, and whoever teaches, please make sure you get to a place where you have good Wi-Fi, and if you can't do that, just let me know ahead of time, and I'll book somebody else. Okay, that's all. You can do it here.

Okay, she'll do it from the college, Nick. Awesome. All right, thank you, Anjali.

We love your yoga classes. Yeah. Okay, good night, you guys.

See you in the morning. Good night, CJ. Good night, Noor.

Say hi to my grandson.

[Говорящий 2]
I will, yes.

[Говорящий 1]
If he asks you what you're doing, tell him you're working on yoga.

[Говорящий 2]
Oh, my gosh.

[Говорящий 1]
Might we learn how to say what are you doing now? And he was singing it in a microphone.

[Говорящий 2]
What are you doing?

[Говорящий 1]
You're a rock star already.

[Говорящий 2]
Good night.

[Говорящий 1]
Good night, see you tomorrow. Thank you for all the meals, Mom.

[Говорящий 2]
Of course.

[Говорящий 3]
Thank you for everything.

[Говорящий 2]
My pleasure.

[Говорящий 1]
Thank you, Noor, for getting them, and thank you, Dad, for paying for them.

[Говорящий 2]
Yay.

[Говорящий 1]
All right, thank you.

[Говорящий 2]
Sure.

[Говорящий 1]
Good night. You must be eating well and making a lot of noise.

[Говорящий 2]
Good night, everyone. See you tomorrow. Last tomorrow morning.

Thank you from Australia.

[Говорящий 1]
Thank you for being here. What city in Australia? Canberra.

Canberra, cool. See you guys later.