Сейджи Арао — Книга 2: Мастер Шантидева, занятие 8

[ШАПКА ДЛЯ ЦИТИРОВАНИЯ]
Курс: Seiji Arao — Book 2: Master Shantideva (Diamond Cutter Classics) — «Руководство к образу жизни бодхисаттвы» Мастера Шантидевы
Урок: занятие 08 — Winter '23, Guide to the Bodhisattva's Way of Life, Class 5
Ведёт: Геше Майкл Роуч; перевод: Сейджи Арао
Дата и место: зима 2023, место не указано
Источник: YouTube, канал Diamond Cutter Classics, плейлист PL1KVm5jgTljSp6vDnCG3LZlYhA2STM3UR; расшифровка TurboScribe
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[Говорящий 2]
All right. Should we do the, do you want to do the thank you first or after the quiz, Nick?

[Говорящий 1]
I would do it after the quiz. How about that? All right, cool.

Break it up a little bit.

[Говорящий 2]
Okay, let's go with our last quiz. We saw one thing last class, so I broke it up into three parts to give you a three-question quiz. Who can tell me the name of the organic Sanskrit rule, just the title that we saw last time?

[Говорящий 1]
Difference between roots, prefixes, suffixes, and endings, which include conjugation and declension.

[Говорящий 2]
Yay. What are roots, prefixes, and suffixes?

[Говорящий 1]
We called it N8.

[Говорящий 2]
N8? Oh, no, I just put number eight.

[Говорящий 1]
Oh.

[Говорящий 2]
Just to keep a count of like how they come up. I think in the end we're going to change that. Just chronological eight.

[Говорящий 3]
Prefixes are most commonly two or three letters in the most often actions. They're the root of the word.

[Говорящий 2]
Yay.

[Говорящий 3]
Prefixes come before and suffixes come after.

[Говорящий 2]
Right. Oh, thank you very much, Gilsey. Before the root, after the root.

But there can be something after the suffixes, right?

[Говорящий 1]
Yep. Yep. Yes.

[Говорящий 2]
How do you divide those? What are those?

[Говорящий 3]
Conjugations and declensions.

[Говорящий 2]
We're calling them noun endings and verb endings. Right. Verb endings and noun endings.

Conjugation, declension. I've never heard of that before. All right.

[Говорящий 1]
Very important word in Sanskrit.

[Говорящий 2]
I did not put sexy Tibetan words because technically we didn't see any Tibetan. Still. Oh, is Geshe-la here?

[Говорящий 1]
I just came back. All right.

[Говорящий 2]
So I've been using the, I've been trying to do word by word translation, which I know is not good. No, it's fine. It's fine.

It's great. Then trying to come up with what I would do with these scrambling together. And then, of course, I have the old.

Yeah. Okay. And I realized that there's some things that I, yeah, I.

[Говорящий 1]
I would like to know. Is Maitri saying, what are you doing? What are you doing?

All right.

[Говорящий 2]
That's Geshe-la.

[Говорящий 1]
Hi. Say hi. I'm eating potato.

Can I say potato? Eating potato. Hi, Maitri.

He's so handsome. Oh my gosh, he's going to be trouble. Okay.

Please read, Seiji.

[Говорящий 2]
Okay.

[Говорящий 1]
Or unless Maitri can do it for you. Can you make it bigger?

[Говорящий 2]
Oh, yeah. Okay. So.

Good.

[Говорящий 1]
Good. Yeah, good. What's Chang Chub Sim?

Chang Chub Gyesin? The Wish. Bodhichitta.

[Говорящий 2]
Oh, by the way, Geshe-la, in this book, are we keeping it as... Since we're going to get a lot of bodhichitta and bodhisattvas, in this text, when would you keep the Sanskrit? Or would you still call it The Wish and Spiritual Warriors?

[Говорящий 1]
That's a good question. I think bodhisattva has become a highly desirable word in English ever since Steely Dan, 1977 or something. And I think the English audience is ready for the word bodhisattva, except in a business course or something.

But bodhichitta, I think it's too confusing, and it's not part of English. It has not reached the English language, so I would call it The Wish for Enlightenment. Okay.

Or The Wish, yeah. Chang Chub Sim Kyey Gyur Na. If you can...

What's kyey mean? Sakka te gaya te kya dambu kyey sak gi?

[Говорящий 2]
Became?

[Говорящий 1]
Yeah, or... Grow? Born.

Or, yeah, started. Okay. If you give birth, you can say that, if you give birth to the real wish for enlightenment, even for kyey chik, A single instant?

Yeah. Then in that single instant, all of the nyam thaks, at the end of the second line. What's nyam thak?

Nyam thak means desperately poor, desperately miserable. Desperately poor and miserable. Okay.

This dambha is related to the word domba for vows. But what's it mean here, you guys?

[Говорящий 2]
Poor people? I mean, suffering people?

[Говорящий 1]
It means tied up. Dambha means they are tied up in ropes, or something like that. So, people who are bound, or shackled, in the sunra.

What's that, you guys? I got to close this curtain. Are you guys watching?

Prison? Yeah.

[Говорящий 2]
I don't know. Let me ask you. Okay, good.

[Говорящий 1]
Yeah, prison. Sunra means prison. What prison?

Prison of samsara. Yeah, nice. The prison of cyclic pain.

I call it the circle of pain in a normal translation. If you get bodhichitta for even just a second, then all of the people in this messed up world, they will call you. Or you can say, even messed up people in this world, if they can get bodhichitta for a second, everybody's going to call them, jöpa, the se of the desik, deshin shekpa.

[Говорящий 2]
Sons and daughters of the conquerors?

[Говорящий 1]
No. The ones God bless. God bless.

By the way, here's an example, you guys. This is dewa shekpa, right? And it's shortened to deshek.

Why? Meter. Yeah, he wants to make his beads.

And so it wouldn't be good to use this for a dictionary or a glossary, because it's been squished for the purposes of poetry. Then they become... chak ja means present tense of chak tselwa.

It's a future tense, sorry. To be prostrated to. Yeah, they are people that should be prostrated to by the whole world.

jik ten, the world. When they want to say everybody in the world, in the ancient days, they will say gods and humans. It just means everybody in the world.

So when you see gods plus humans, it just means everybody in the world. It means not just the people in the desire realm, in the lower parts of the desire realm, but everybody in all three realms. That's cool.

Yeah, so you can spend 25 years and get a geshe degree, and maybe people will bow down to you. Or you can try to get bodhichitta for two minutes, and you're really suitable to bow down to. That's pretty cool.

All right, cool.

[Говорящий 2]
I translated two.

[Говорящий 1]
I like it. We had Sergei Kitsi. Who had that?

Nick, I think. No. General Utpala?

Was it?

[Говорящий 2]
My previous book also had that.

[Говорящий 1]
We're talking about the three tests in somebody's book. No, I'm talking about the alchemist. Alchemist.

This term.

[Говорящий 2]
Ben's book. Last night. Ben's book.

[Говорящий 1]
I think we got every book suggested. We covered every book. No, it was Ben's book.

Yeah. Okay, good. They said one guy in the middle of a bunch of unruly people who had good behavior could affect everybody in the same way that a few drops of Sergei Kitsi would change a thousand metal coins to gold, right?

Iron coins. That was from Ben's text. All right.

Please read. Sergei, you want to pick on somebody else? It's more fun.

Sure.

[Говорящий 2]
Let's see. Oscar, are you translating? I'm not.

Cool. Please go for it. Thank you.

Give me one second. There you go. Sheren Gir, Siyin Ampa, Chop Tapu.

Nitsang Lundi, Negyal, Weku. Rinchen, Rinzang, Mepar, Gir, Gwena. Chanchup Semse, Chawarap, Tensung.

[Говорящий 1]
Very nice. Your reading is excellent, Oscar. Thank you.

You should be a translator someday. SER RGYUR TSIS What's that C, you guys? We talked about it in Ben's book.

Juice? Yeah, the juice or the nectar or the elixir. It's often used for fruit juices.

So, SER RGYUR means it changes gold. It means changes things into gold. It means alchemical elixir.

And RTA BU means it's very similar to the choke of alchemical elixirs. The highest. Yeah, this highest of alchemical elixirs.

By the way, it was the purpose of alchemy for thousands of years to try to find some kind of liquid that you could drop on steel and it would become gold and you wouldn't have to work anymore for the rest of your life. Nagarjuna used it. It seems to involve a lot of mercury or something.

It's a very dangerous thing. All right. MI TZANG LUS DI MI TZANG means what, you guys?

[Говорящий 2]
Impure.

[Говорящий 1]
Yeah, impure. And sometimes MI TZANG is the word for poo-poo in scripture. It has a lot of connotations here.

This body, this filthy body, which you have, this LUNG is the past tense of LEM PA. Taken on. Yeah, like DONG LEN.

But you took it on at birth. This body, which you took on at birth, it can be GYUR BA at the end of the third line. What's GYUR BA mean?

And then we had it in Ben's text also. Transformed. Yeah, it can be transformed.

It can be totally changed into a RGYAL BA'I KU.

[Говорящий 2]
A body of a victor.

[Говорящий 1]
A body of a victor, yeah. And Seiji, notice that he's got the two words for body. Here's KU, which is high honorific.

Like CHUKU, right? And then here's LUS, which is the common word. So your normal body can become a holy body.

And then it's as if your body has become the body of an enlightened being, which is made of RIN CHEN.

[Говорящий 2]
Jewels?

[Говорящий 1]
Yeah, jewels. RING TONG means cost. Value.

What's RING TONG MED PAR?

[Говорящий 2]
Without value?

[Говорящий 1]
Yeah, without invaluable. Priceless? Priceless is a good translation.

Thank you, Wood. So you can turn your normal poopy body into a priceless Buddha body. BYANG CHUB SEMS SHES BYA BA RAB BSTAN GSUM And by the way, GYUR BA'I NA means...

What's the BA'I NA, Seiji? BA'I NA At the end of the third line. It just makes the whole thing instrumental.

Therefore, because of that, because you can turn a normal body into a Buddha body, you should... GSUM is the imperative for ZIN. Keep, hold, grab it, hold it, do it.

Yeah, you should keep your bodhicitta super ten, super tempo.

[Говорящий 2]
Tight, firm, firm.

[Говорящий 1]
Yeah, totally, totally firm, okay? Hang on, I got an emergency on my phone. Hang on.

[Говорящий 2]
Sorry.

[Говорящий 1]
Okay. Yeah, by the way, you guys should know, and there was a very great geshe named Rabten who was a good friend of my teacher. And he moved to Switzerland and he founded a very beautiful institute there.

And he wrote a very, very great commentary to Changye Lekshen Mingpo about interpreting. He was a master of interpretation and it's a very helpful commentary to use when we translate Tsongkhapa. Okay, so for me, when I see Rabten, which means keep your bodhicitta very firm.

I like the word because I remember this great teacher. Okay, he passed away maybe 30 years ago or something. Okay, all right.

Seiji, that's it for you, for what you did, right?

[Говорящий 2]
Okay, good. So actually, Geshe-la, I mean, you wouldn't change anything from this, would you?

[Говорящий 1]
Well, you know, something weird about translating, okay? You cannot do it in pieces. You have to sit down and finish a book as steadily as you can.

You cannot translate a chapter and then come back to it six months later or something like that. It doesn't work well. You have to do it in a flow.

And I personally, I mean, the translation's okay. It's correct. But you should never translate a book in pieces.

You should translate it straight through and keep the tone, keep the feeling, keep the flow. And in my opinion, you should never use old stuff like that. You should re-translate it.

If you're going to do the whole book. So, and if you're- I don't feel very shy about changing your old, your- I don't feel shy about changing your changes, so don't worry. Okay, all right.

[Говорящий 2]
Let's do that.

[Говорящий 1]
All right. Nah, don't, just go for it. You'll never be a translator if you, you know, you just got to try.

You have to take your shot. Okay? All right.

Okay. Okay. Hang on.

[Говорящий 2]
I got a small emergency here.

[Говорящий 1]
Okay, good. And let's go back to your book. Yeshala.

Yeah. The book said ringtongue, but is it ringtongue? Like a ringtongue?

I think it is. And I, can you look it up and see if there's any ringtongues hanging around? I just did.

I couldn't find one. I only found ringtongue. I agree with you.

I was going to check it later, but yeah. Okay. It should be ringtongue.

Yeah. That's a good call. That's a very good call.

Where are we? See, there you have it.

[Говорящий 2]
10. But I believe that you might have had Sanskrit rules that we didn't check.

[Говорящий 1]
Yeah, that's why I want to stop. Okay, good. All right.

So I don't want to teach them all to you at the same time, but one by one, I'd like to introduce you to some of the important resources you have. If you are, if you're doing this work, Sanskrit, if you want to study Sanskrit, there's a couple of really important resources in the ALL database, and you should know about them and you should use them constantly. So one of them we covered before is Lokesh Chandra's Dictionary.

What languages is that dictionary, Seiji? Lokesh Chandra. It's Tibetan and Sanskrit, okay?

Oh, both. It's no English in there, okay? And no Chinese yet.

it's very, very useful because he derived it from the Kanyu and Tengyur. There's nothing in that dictionary that doesn't come from the ancient books of Buddhism. So it's extremely relevant to us.

And then I want you to learn a book that I like to call Whitney's Roots. Whitney means Dwight Whitney. He was a Sanskrit professor at Yale in the late 1800s, something like that.

And he was a genius. He was a Sanskrit genius. Very, very great.

And he wrote a small book called The Roots of Sanskrit, okay? And I think it's the greatest book for roots that you can use, okay? So I want to show you how to use it today.

And that's our next Sanskrit thing. So let's go and look at... Here's the Sanskrit for one of the verses that we did.

And let me see. Let's take Kama, okay? And you guys know Kama because you know Kama Sutra, right?

Desire. Desire. And ultimately, I think it has roots in the words for dried up, like that.

It means desire, okay? So here it's, if you wish to destroy the suffering of sansara, it's the Kama here, it's the wish. If you wish, okay?

So Kama, Kama, and it's used twice. Well, it's used three times here in the verse, okay? So you see Kama, Kamai, Kamayar, okay?

So let's say you don't know what Kama is. You could go look it up in Whitney's Roots, okay? You could go look it up in Whitney's Roots, okay?

So you go to Gopher, I'm going to go over to Gopher. Okay? And you can write in Kam.

You can even just strip it down to K-A-M, okay? And we're going to, the search field, you should change to Roots, okay? I keep it in a folder called Sanskrit Roots, okay?

And I will click on that. That means now I'm going to be searching this amazing little book of the most important few hundred roots of Sanskrit, okay? And it's very, very helpful, okay?

So then we say, go search. And here it is here, okay? Come, I'll put it up at the top.

I know it's small, I'm sorry. That's the way it is, okay? It's right here, come.

And it means to love, okay? So he gives you the root, the verbal root, and then he gives the translation. And then he gives you all the conjugations of that verb, that you can see.

And he went through all the major literature of Sanskrit for 5,000 years. And he wrote the most important usages of this. He did it manually.

He didn't have a computer, okay? He was very... The early Sanskrit guys were anal.

My teacher was anal. And they went through and studied hundreds of books to come up with these lists, okay? So come, the root means to love, okay?

Important thing to learn about roots, okay? And I'm gonna put it here. So we have the root come here, and it equals to love, okay?

And in many kinds of love, okay? And when you have a root, it's traditional to put a square root sign in front of it, okay? All Sanskrit scholars put a square root sign in front of roots, okay?

So if you're on a normal keyboard, and you saw how we input it... By the way, we input that in 1988 or something. That was one of the first things we input.

We used a simple slash, okay? And when you see that slash in front of three letters, for example, then you can bet it's a Sanskrit root, okay? It's a Sanskrit root, okay?

And if you're fancy, if you want to be fancy, you can go to your word... Where is that? Tool, word?

[Говорящий 2]
Insert?

[Говорящий 1]
Insert. Insert, advanced symbol, way down here at the bottom, okay? And you can find the square root sign right here.

Yes, sir. Option V also does it. Cool, or option V.

And then you just insert, okay? If you want to be very precise, and you want to show your reader that this is a Sanskrit root, you can use this square root symbol, okay? It's kind of a pun, because a square root of 16 is four, for example.

You could use 16 equals four, isn't it? Equals four, right? Okay?

It just means square root. It's a joke, okay? So people use it for roots, okay?

So if you ever don't know what the root is, or you want to find the root, go to Whitney, search it in Whitney's Roots, and you'll find it. And Whitney, his goal was to find the most clear and simple translation of the name of the root. He does not give you many, many synonyms.

He goes to the most essential meaning of that root, and that's the one you should memorize. So if you're interested in learning Sanskrit, you could use Whitney's Roots. It's a wonderful, wonderful source.

It's a small book. You can buy it online if you prefer paper, okay? But we input it many years ago.

Okay? So that's a gopher resource that I want you to know about. I use it many times every day when I'm working with Sanskrit.

All right. Yeah. Yeah, we finished this one, and we have another gopher resource here.

And that's a dictionary by a British scholar, named, I forget his first name, but his middle name is Monier Williams. And he wrote a dictionary for Sanskrit, which is probably the most important one ever written. And he was knighted by the Queen of England for that dictionary.

And later he was accused of stealing most of it from the Russians. And the Germans, who were great, great Sanskrit scholars in St. Petersburg. And if you read the introduction to the dictionary, which is the dictionary everybody uses, his son, after he died, is defending him.

But actually he took most of the words. The hard work was done by a group of Russians and Germans in St. Petersburg in the late 19th century, early 20th century. And they did a great, great job.

So if you want to see what a Sanskrit word means, it's very good to use Monier Williams. And I'm going to show you roughly how to use it, but you're going to need some more training for that. And it's not my goal today to teach you all the details of looking up a word in Monier Williams.

We did type it in. It took, I think, six years to type it in. And we have a rough copy of it.

It's not perfect.

[Говорящий 2]
But this thing- I think my typing is flawed. I think there's a problem with na and ma.

[Говорящий 1]
I think it's actually- Yeah, it's hard to use, but if you want an easy, if you want to use an easy one, you can use it. There's a better one online, and I'm going to show you how to reach that one. Yeshela, could you raise your window a bit so we can see the bottom part?

I want to see the name of the file. No, I can't see it. I don't think you can.

Yeah, sorry. All I can see is the buttons. Yeah, and you can squash it and then pull it up again.

That's what I do with my jeans. The other way. Yeah.

Thank you. All right. That's a long story.

Let's not do it right now. Oh, could you do that search one more time so we can see the name of the file that it's in? Yeah, I didn't do it yet.

I'm still getting to it.

[Говорящий 2]
Oh, the poem in Whitney.

[Говорящий 1]
I'm about to explain that, yep.

[Говорящий 2]
Oh, okay.

[Говорящий 1]
So if you want to look for a word in a Sanskrit dictionary, instead of using just the root, right, instead of looking for the root, you can use in Gopher. If you're in a rush, you can use Gopher on your own computer. You don't need the internet.

And that was one of our goals with our database. You can be sitting on the beach in the Philippines with no internet, and you can have Whitney with you. You can be sitting in the airport, right Seiji, on the floor, and you have all your tools at your disposal.

So anyway, here's cum. And it's dirty, and if you know how to use it, it's very powerful. And there's Monier-Williams.

There's 6,000 cums. In Monier-Williams, okay? So if you're going to try to use this, I need to train you a little bit more about how to use it.

But we do have a dictionary, a huge dictionary in the database, not online. It's self-contained. All the ACIP, all the ALL database can fit on your computer, and you don't need internet.

It's all contained on your own computer. So it's very powerful. You could be driving in the car.

You can do anything, okay? Anyway, there's a cum. If you want to, if you want the fancy, you know, if you want to use the internet, you can use the dictionary, the version of the Monier-Williams dictionary, which is, I'll show you here.

I keep it up here somewhere, here. And this is from Cologne University in Germany. They have input the whole Monier-Williams dictionary from 1872.

And you can use basics display. You can say, I want to see comma, or comma, or you can, you have to insert the diacritics. Comma, is it comma?

Well, anyway.

[Говорящий 2]
Geshe-la, have you looked at list display?

[Говорящий 1]
Here you go. No, I mean, I don't use it much.

[Говорящий 2]
List display is really cool because you can spell badly like me, and it'll show you in a side panel the words that are near it and help you get there.

[Говорящий 1]
This list display.

[Говорящий 2]
I really like that. Yeah, that helps me a ton.

[Говорящий 1]
And you can use come. You can say come on. Oops, sorry.

Oh.

[Говорящий 2]
Preferences.

[Говорящий 1]
All right. Sorry. Yeah.

I'll just, I'll say this and see how it works. Yeah. Sorry.

Well, you get all the commas and like that. Yeah. Okay.

Anyway, that's, I mean, it needs more training, but you can use it to look up a Sanskrit word in the dictionary, okay? And there's a lot of tools online for that too. All right.

But you should know that you have the option. All right. I want to show you one more tool that I like a lot, and I haven't taught it to many people.

Maybe I never taught it to anybody. I don't know. There's a language called Indo-European.

It's sort of the mother of Sanskrit or the sister of Sanskrit. And it's kind of the connection between Sanskrit and English, okay? Or Greek, Latin, Sanskrit, and English.

So there's a separate scholarly language called Indo-European. It's kind of the mother of English. And when you want to find cognates, what's a cognate, you guys?

Words that are derived from it. Words in English, for example, or Russian or, okay, which come from Sanskrit, okay? And when you're teaching Sanskrit, or you're trying to help your students to learn Sanskrit, it's very, very useful, okay?

In this verse here, we have, where was that? Gur. Oh, here it is, gurheetva, okay?

So imam gurheetva means when you took it, right? Took on this birth, took on this body, okay? When you took on this body, gurheetva means you took it on, okay?

The root here is gur. And I gave you the root here, sorry. This is wrong.

Hang on. Okay, so the root is gur. And then if you have trouble remembering a root, you can find an English word that comes from the root, okay?

And if you want those, it's very, very helpful to go to the Indo-European, okay? And I'm going to show you how to do that, okay? So I keep it in my computer under Indo-European, okay?

And we have not in input this, partly because I use a small Indo-European dictionary that we have not input, partly because it's copyrighted, okay? So legally, you should buy a copy, okay? And we don't have permission to input it or to put it in the database.

So I bought a copy, and then I made a PDF so I can search it, okay? And I like this particular dictionary because it gives you the Indo-European roots, okay? And you should learn the connection between Sanskrit and Indo-European, because this will help you find English words that come from Sanskrit, okay?

And I happen to know the root here is greb, okay? So I'll search for greb, okay? And I think, yeah, it doesn't work so well, okay.

Let's go back here, sorry. Oh, it's not working, let's see. Let's try this, greb, okay?

So I looked up the word greb, it told me go look for the root greb, and I'm sorry, it's kind of shy for you guys.

[Говорящий 2]
Oh, there it is.

[Говорящий 1]
Here it is down here, okay? And I'm going to blow it up for you. Okay, so the root in Indo-European is greb.

The root in Sanskrit is gr, okay? And then you can see in the capital letters, you can see the English words which come from gr, okay? And for example, grab and grasp come from the word that was used in Seiji's text for taking your birth, okay?

Grab, okay? So the Sanskrit gr, which is in Seiji's book, right here, grhidmar, the English cognate is grab. Or grasp, and it comes through the Indo-European greb.

Okay, so if you're interested in the English words that are related to the Sanskrit words, it's much easier to memorize the Sanskrit, okay? It's much, much easier to remember. So like if we're going to be teaching Hatha Yoga Pradipika in two weeks or something, and we're going to help you learn the Sanskrit of that great yoga book by studying the roots.

And this is how we get to the roots, okay? So you guys can learn to use that. Okay, one more point for the Sanskrit, okay?

And when we put the Sanskrit in a book, which we do whenever we can find the Sanskrit, we capitalize the first letter of the line, of each line. That's just mixed, not standard. We capitalize because we want to make it easy for the audience.

We want the audience to feel familiar with it. So we try to do things with the Sanskrit that will make it easier for the audience. So we capitalize the first letter.

We put a comma if it's a verse. We put a period at the end. And this is all just artificial ways of making it more comfortable for the reader.

Sometimes a line of Sanskrit has no spaces at all, and it's impossible for a normal person to read it. So we have a mixed, not standard, that we break it into words for our audience wherever possible, okay? Just to make it easier, I can say to Seiji, where's the unclean here?

And he can say, oh, a suchi. And where's the body here? Oh, it's pratimam.

Or where's the this here? Oh, it's imam. Where's the took?

Oh, it's grhitva. So it's to make it easier for the audience who are not Sanskrit specialists to use our data. Okay, what's ratna, you guys?

Cool. We're in China. Why did it come in this text?

Why did it come in this text? Was it because your body had brinjins on it? You become a body?

Yeah, you could say that. Or you could say bodhichitta. Yeah, bodhichitta is going to turn your body into gold or jewel, like that, okay?

By the way, rasa jata, as Sergio can see, rasa means juice, okay? And so, or flavor. So we have a rule in the Mixed Nuts that we are going to split the words apart to make it easier for the readers because 90% of the readers, they just want to look and see, what's the Sanskrit word here?

Maybe I will learn it, okay? So, what do you call it? The priority for the Mixed Nuts is to make life easier for the reader and help them to learn something, okay?

So we have strict rules about how to split them up and that's a long story. I'm not going to try to teach it to you today, but what I did want to say is, even in the Sanskrit, if the word is, or in the English, if the word is for a fully enlightened being, we capitalize it, okay? And so that's why what?

Buddha, Jina. That's why Jina Rivera, oh, sorry, Jina in the text here, means Buddha, a victor, okay? A victor.

So it's a Mixed Nuts standard, and that's your next Sanskrit rule, that we capitalize a word if it refers to a fully enlightened being. We do not capitalize anything less than that. We don't capitalize Arhat.

We don't capitalize Bodhisattva, okay? So you guys, please learn. We only capitalize fully enlightened beings, okay?

All right. We have about two minutes. Yeah, I don't know Seiji, yeah, I'm just going to...

Yeah, that's a long story. Seiji, why don't we read the next one just for good luck? We got two minutes, okay?

Okay.

[Говорящий 2]
,RDRO BA'I BDEBS PUN GCIG DGU TSE MED LUS, ,LAS PAR YONGS SU DANG NA RING CHE BA'I, ,RDRO BA'I GNAS DANG BRAL BAR NDOD PA RNAMS, ,RING CHEN BYANG CHUB SEMS LAS BSTAN PAR GSUNGS, ,RING CHEN BYANG CHUB SEMS LAS BSTAN PAR GSUNGS Yeah, good, okay.

[Говорящий 1]
I'm going to translate it quickly, okay? ,RDRO BA'I means living beings, okay? ,BDEBS PUN means the captain of a ship.

,GCIG DPU means the one and only captain of our ship of all beings. Let me turn this back on. ,WITH HIS SEMS MED LO, ,WITH HIS MIND WHICH KNOWS NO BOUNDS, ,WITH HIS MIND WHO KNOWS NO LIMITS, ,HE DDAG, he checked.

,LAS PAR YONGS SU, He checked deeply into changing and unchanging things. He looked deeply into deceptive reality and ultimate reality. Everything.

Then he saw a RING CHEN way more valuable than a RING CHE way. He saw it to be more valuable. ,RDRO BA'I GNAS DANG BRAL BAR BDOD PA RNAMS, If you want to...

If BDOD PA, if you want to... What's BRAL BAR mean you guys? Be free.

If you want to be free of this sansara condition, then you should ZIN. ZUN is the imperative for ZIN. What's that mean?

Grab hold of. How hard? Firmly.

Well firmly. Well firmly. This precious bodhichitta.

To this. He's advertising bodhichitta. That's his first job, is to do a sales pitch about bodhichitta.

Next class we will discuss the idea of simplified pronunciation as opposed to transcription. That's a big subject in itself. How are you going to simplify Sanskrit pronunciation for your audience?

What's this DUL MED mean you guys? Where? Right here.

We had it. We definitely did. It's not clueless.

Absolutely clueless. DUL MED means people are absolutely clueless. About what?

How to make a Sanskrit word, how to simplify it for your audience. How to write a Sanskrit word. How are you going to write this word here?

One, two, three, fourth word here. How are you going to write it in English?

[Говорящий 2]
S-H-I-L-A Okay. Shila.

[Говорящий 1]
How are you going to write this one? The next one. How are you going to write that for a normal audience?

For a normal audience? For a normal audience? S-U-D-I-R-D-A-M Seems we keep the H's.

Yeah, we do keep the H's. And one more word. Okay.

G-I-R-H-N Is it N? Yeah, N-A-N-T.

[Говорящий 2]
Yeah.

[Говорящий 1]
And please, the next one and then we'll stop. Oh, this one's important. B-O-D-H-I-C-H-I-T-T-A Yeah.

And I wrote four words here. They are in English letters. They are the closest normal English sounds to these Sanskrit words here.

And we call it simplified pronunciation. This is the closest normal English sounds for these technical Sanskrit words. And you have a choice in your translations.

You can use all these what marks? Pronunciation marks. You can pile up diacritical marks.

And listen, your reader has no idea what they mean. 98% of your readers have a mixed-nut book. They have no idea what these symbols mean.

So why make them suffer? Give them the actual pronunciation. Correctly and clearly in normal English sounds.

And 90% of translators are too meh about it. What's that mean? Clueless.

Totally clueless. It's amazing. It's incredible.

And they will mix the two together. Without any... I don't know how to say it.

There's no systematic way that they're doing it. Well, it doesn't seem strange to them. And it's completely...

I want to say this. It's totally, completely illogical. Even to a fifth grader.

It's not logical to mix them. It's completely illogical. It's like putting gasoline in your refrigerator to drink this afternoon.

It's crazy. It's completely illogical. If a person cannot tell the difference between these and these in a translation, can you trust their translation?

Probably not. They don't have enough logic to spell it right. So can you trust how they translate a sentence?

You see what I mean? It drives me nuts. It makes me crazy.

If someone puts lemonade in their gas tank to drive their car, would you trust them? Would you... I don't know.

Would you loan your car to them? You see what I mean? And I don't know.

It's a thing I have. If a person cannot be logical about a single word, then how can you trust the translation? That's what I'm saying.

All right, so you guys are going to learn this. Maybe I'm a little passionate about it.

[Говорящий 3]
Geshe-la, do you have a better word for cognate, a simpler word?

[Говорящий 1]
That's a good question. You come up with one and propose it to us next time.

[Говорящий 3]
Okay, we have a group in the chat. I'll collect them.

[Говорящий 1]
Okay, good. We should get going. Yeah, we're done Seiji, but I want to make sure that you translate the next three verses for next time.

[Говорящий 2]
For next term?

[Говорящий 1]
Yeah, for next term. Okay, Uncle Nick, go ahead. After the break we've got a yoga class with Anjali, so check that out if you can.

And then we've got classes with Gibson and Adam, and a Q&A for the last presentation with Geshe Michael. So everybody be ready. Have your questions wrapped and firm in your mind.

And Nick, you got my telephone text and you can cover if it's necessary, right?

[Говорящий 3]
Yes, sir. Got it.

[Говорящий 1]
I replied. We got you. Okay, good.

It's important and I can't get it done otherwise. I have a whole list of thank yous too, so I'll do some of those. Although it's fun to have you there for that too.

Okay, I'll see you guys this afternoon.

[Говорящий 3]
Thank you, Geshe-la.

[Говорящий 1]
Thank you, Geshe-la. Thanks, everybody.

[Говорящий 3]
Thank you, Seiji.

[Говорящий 1]
Good job, Seiji. Thanks, Geshe-la. Bye.