Сейджи Арао — Книга 2: Мастер Шантидева, занятие 6

[ШАПКА ДЛЯ ЦИТИРОВАНИЯ]
Курс: Seiji Arao — Book 2: Master Shantideva (Diamond Cutter Classics) — «Руководство к образу жизни бодхисаттвы» Мастера Шантидевы
Урок: занятие 06 — Winter '23 — Guide to the Bodhisattva's Way of Life — Seiji Arao — Class 3
Ведёт: Геше Майкл Роуч; перевод: Сейджи Арао (в ASR — «Sage»)
Дата и место: зима 2023, место не указано
Источник: YouTube, канал Diamond Cutter Classics, плейлист PL1KVm5jgTljSp6vDnCG3LZlYhA2STM3UR; расшифровка TurboScribe
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[Говорящий 1]
We got Sage up first, then Q&A with Mr. Tim Lohenheldt and yoga with Ms. Eva Kulik, then yoga with Anjali in the afternoon. So I hope everybody's ready. Can you guys hear me?

Sage, are you ready? You got your quiz? Yeah, I'll start with that.

Let me see.

[Говорящий 2]
Yeah, good morning, everyone. Welcome to class two of the Bodhisattva's Way of Life. Thank you, Anna.

And hola, Lily. Good to see all other Asian people that speak Spanish. All right.

[Говорящий 1]
And so the last class was pretty, I don't know. It was very cool, but somehow we managed to just translate one paragraph.

[Говорящий 2]
So I was scraping a little bit for questions. So what is the exciting new things we're going to be doing on the classes of this book from Master Shantideva? Learning Sanskrit.

Yay, yes. And you remember how exactly?

[Говорящий 3]
Organically.

[Говорящий 2]
Yeah, yes. That's pretty much it. Geshe Michael said that he'll teach us Sanskrit organically.

One Sanskrit rule per line in the text. What is the first organic Sanskrit rule? I know you don't capitalize organic, but I thought it was like a name, so.

[Говорящий 1]
I like it.

[Говорящий 3]
In general, there's two lines of Tibetan for every one line of Sanskrit.

[Говорящий 1]
Yep, there you go. The ratio is one to two or two to one, depending on how you put them.

[Говорящий 2]
And what's the second one?

[Говорящий 3]
In this particular text, the meter of this Sanskrit has uneven halves, but I think normally it's even.

[Говорящий 2]
All right.

[Говорящий 1]
Thank you for that clarification. I need to put in this text. Yes, correct.

Do you remember how many on the first one and how many on the second?

[Говорящий 3]
I believe it's 11.

[Говорящий 2]
Yes.

[Говорящий 3]
Oh, 11 beats the first and 12 in the second.

[Говорящий 2]
Yep, there you go.

[Говорящий 3]
But Tibetan keeps it even.

[Говорящий 2]
Right. Right, which is incredible. It's incredible.

Yes. All right. That's pretty much it.

And so this is the next paragraph. The blue is what I started doing with translating word by word, but then Nick helped me. So he came up with this part.

[Говорящий 3]
Okay.

[Говорящий 1]
You want to read the Tibetan Seiji?

[Говорящий 2]
Oh, yes. ton ne tun yin gyur Okay, cool.

[Говорящий 1]
I've heard people say that Sanskrit is like clouds, and you can look at them and different people see different things, and I think that's true. So, what did he just get through saying, Seiji?

[Говорящий 2]
He had just said, I have nothing to say that wasn't said before.

[Говорящий 1]
Yeah. You mean in the previous paragraph, right? Yep.

Previously.

[Говорящий 2]
I have no virtue or I'll write it for me or something to remember.

[Говорящий 1]
Yeah, so I can get used to it or something. So he's clarifying here what he wants to gom, and gom means, this gom is just like, I want to swim in good deeds or something. You see what I mean?

I want to... You can translate it later poetically, but it's something like, I want to immerse myself in goodness, okay? That's one reason why.

Right. And if I do that, then the power of my faith, good, will, yeah, will increase, right?

[Говорящий 3]
Yeah. What do you think is the reshig, you guys?

[Говорящий 1]
Little by little is what I thought it was in this case. Yeah, I would say.

[Говорящий 3]
Okay. Yeah, I'm reshig. Yeah, isn't reshig using me provisionally?

Like if I were to do that, then it would increase maybe?

[Говорящий 1]
Or it could be, it could mean it could, okay? Sometimes reshig means that, you know, I think he's being modest. What's the didakhi?

By my, by trying to practice virtue? Or by, yeah, probably by that. Yeah.

From the power of his faith. I, if I'm going to write a commentary, I'll say by these lines or something like that. It's, it's plural.

Oh, yeah, that's right. That's what we were, yeah. We were talking about that yesterday.

It was either verses or, or, yeah. Well, it's open, right? In fact, you might leave it as by this, by these things or by these, you see what I mean?

And let the reader figure it out. Sometimes I think when you're, when you're translating this kind of poetry, if the author has been ambiguous, I believe you should leave the ambiguity, okay? He, he may have had his own reasons not to say by these verses or something, you see what I mean?

By these efforts, okay? So these things will increase my, the power of my faith. And then we don't know what these things are.

And then we leave it up to future generations to integrate. You see?

[Говорящий 2]
My faith will increase? The power, what did you say? The power of my faith will increase?

[Говорящий 1]
Yeah. Well, he literally says the power of my faith will, could increase, I would say. I think it's being modest, okay?

I think DRE ZHIG is, DRE ZHIG can also mean short-term goal. At the moment, I just want to collect some, increase my faith. And that has its own implications.

You see what I mean? You could say at the moment, DRE ZHIG.

[Говорящий 3]
I won't.

[Говорящий 1]
By the way, you don't have to struggle with it now. Just, just get the ideas in your head. And then it's like putting a puzzle together, okay?

Right. DRE ZHIG probably means here, in the immediate term, and not in the long-term. He's got some other long-term thing.

[Говорящий 2]
Okay.

[Говорящий 1]
And, okay. If someone else with an equal capacity, I don't know about capacity for KELA.

[Говорящий 3]
What do you guys think? Yeah, it's like equal, like, not potential, but, yeah, ability? Yeah, something like that.

[Говорящий 1]
Yeah, and we can talk about it for days. It's like Japanese poetry or something, but if somebody's at the same level as me, it's something like that, you know? Yeah.

If someone is at the same spiritual level as me, other people who are at the same spiritual level as me, and you have to, you have to make your own decisions, Seiji, about poetry. How to turn them into poetry. That's a huge thing.

It means they're not, if they had less KELA than him, they wouldn't be interested in reading this book. If they had more KELA than him, they would be writing the commentary, you see what I mean? So, people on about his level, yeah.

Yeah. And CI STE is kind of like, maybe it will happen. Yeah, that maybe is good in your translation.

What's DE DAG? I was thinking it's, well, we were discussing whether it was these verses or this book. I think it's the verses.

I think it's plural. Yeah. It is, yeah.

If it was the book, he would have said DE, right? Oh yeah, what Seiji and I were discussing is, are we referring to it as these verses or sometimes? I think we are.

And he's used it twice now in this little four-line stanza, right? Yeah, DENG YIN GYI RIN may be useful. I love the MA'I that you use, Seiji, why?

[Говорящий 2]
Well, that was what Nick told me. I was going to say MA'I be useful.

[Говорящий 1]
Why do you think, but why do you think it might be really important to say MA'I? Ken Bokyum? Yeah, he's being modest.

He says, you know, maybe they'll help somebody, I don't know. Probably not. Probably it's so stupid, nobody will benefit, you know?

So when you say, DENG, when you say it may be useful, I think it's great. That's the future tense of GYUR, right? Or the future tense can be used for objective.

It could be, it could be useful, okay?

[Говорящий 2]
Right.

[Говорящий 1]
Cool. All right, good luck recasting this verse. Okay.

Is there another reason that they do this? Or just to, like, kind of practice humility? Is there a...

That would be true.

[Говорящий 2]
Well, I doubt it.

[Говорящий 1]
Well, it might be true that no one figures out his text, you know? You see what I mean? Maybe it'll help somebody who's smart enough to figure it out.

I wouldn't say it's definitely false, you know? Maybe nobody will read it. Maybe nobody will benefit, you know?

Something like that. That happens too, you know? It's like good rock and roll.

There's some songs that just never made it.

[Говорящий 2]
No, because I was thinking, at the same level as Master Shantideva, it's kind of hard.

[Говорящий 1]
Oh, that's true too. That's definitely a word called GENG PA KHYUN. What is GENG PA KHYUN word?

[Говорящий 3]
GENG PA KHYUN is for authors, especially like Master Shantideva, who are beyond. They show a degree of modesty, either often at the introduction or the conclusion of a text, when they say some words.

[Говорящий 1]
Yeah, it's this idea that I don't know anything, but if it helps you, I'm happy. And that's good. Okay, here we go.

I bet all the commentaries say GENG PA KHYUN there. Okay. But I had a few more Sanskrit notes from the last verse, okay Seiji?

We didn't finish it. And my next organic Sanskrit principle, let me see here. And by the way, in organic Sanskrit, we're just going very slow and we are going to emphasize points that come up in the verse that we're on.

So it may be a little out of order compared to a grammar book, but it'll be a lot more interesting. And trying to memorize a grammar book is, I get it and it's hard. So one of the main principles of Sanskrit is called roots and add-ons, okay?

And Sanskrit is built, if I'm not mistaken, I heard 800 roots. There's 800 roots. They're called verbal roots because they mostly relate to actions.

So Sanskrit is built like building blocks. It's like a Lego thing. And first you take the root, a verbal root of some action.

It's some kind of action, some kind of verb. And it's usually in the form, Seiji, of a consonant and then a vowel and oftentimes another consonant, sometimes a second consonant at the end. So they are very short.

They are typically three letters long. There's exceptions, but very few. So 800 combinations of, I forget how many sounds, 30 different sounds in three-letter combinations.

And what I did when I was learning Sanskrit, I memorized the 800 roots on the bus to New York. And I just took the root book with me and memorized it. And it's very helpful.

Sometimes when you're learning a language, you just have to do something crazy like that. We're going to build up the roots organically. We're going to start taking roots out of the verses that we translate.

And then I always want you to be able to go back and say, I learned this root from the third verse. And he was talking about blah, blah. And that's why we're using the Bodhicaryavatara to learn Sanskrit.

And then you will always, if you get interested in Sanskrit and you work on your Sanskrit, you will always refer back to the Bodhicaryavatara. And it's one of the greatest practice texts ever written by a human being. And then we have additives, add-ons.

We take the root and then we glue stuff on the front and the back. And we make words that way. So that's the basic structure of Sanskrit.

And the construction of Sanskrit is so predictable that they call it generative grammar, for example. Generative means, and my professor did this, you could teach a computer the rules by which roots are modified and how things are added at the front and the back of the roots. And you could generate the Sanskrit language.

Sanskrit really is the perfectly formed language. And that's the meaning of the word Sanskrit. Sanskrita.

You could even cut this S here. The real name for Sanskrit is sanskrita. Say sanskrita.

Sanskrita. Sanskrita. Yeah, yeah.

The word Sanskrit, which is really sanskrita, means the well-formed language. Krita means made, right? Like karma.

We see that root in karma. And sanskrit, sang means very perfectly. And sanskrit, S is required between that kind of vocabulary, M and a K.

So it means the predictable language. It's perfectly predictable. If you only knew the roots, you could teach yourself Sanskrit.

And that's the approach I did. I learned the roots first, and then I learned how they are modified and how things are added in the front and the back. So just think of sanskrita.

Think of the well-formed language as a root, and then there's going to be stuff added on the back, and there's going to be stuff added on the front. And all words are going to be created that way. And we're going to start with a real example, which is called the Pivotive A.

Pivotive means a negative. By the way, Christina Kasica, I'm thinking just to wipe out all these old words and just make them modern. So let's say the Negative A.

Pivotive is probably more correct. Descriptive, but nobody knows it. So you guys know this, but I'm going to repeat everything.

I don't care what I taught you before. I'm going to teach you again. One by one, all these things.

So this hyphen means that it is added on to the front of a word. A is added on to the front of the word. So if we have that last verse from last time, it's say BUD RUNG.

BUD RUNG. By the way, a V in Sanskrit is more pronounced like a cross between a V and a W. BUD RUNG.

BUD RUNG. You don't say VA. BUD RUNG.

So BUD RUNG means before. BUD RUNG means before. So Seiji, what is A BUD RUNG?

[Говорящий 2]
After? Or not before?

[Говорящий 1]
Not before. And the first line here says something that didn't happen before, I'm not telling you now. I'm not telling you now anything that nobody told you before.

A BUD RUNG. KHYIN CHED means anything. NA HI means you won't find anything here, which nobody ever said before.

A BUD RUNG. So the organic Sanskrit principle for today, and we are starting from zero. I'm just repeating the most obvious things you've ever heard about Sanskrit because we are building a whole new system of learning Sanskrit.

And we're going to number them, Christina, and then we're going to organize them in categories. And you could study the organization by Whitney in his grammar. We're going to end up with something.

He's got, I forget, two, three thousand principles in his book. And now we have one. And in five years, we'll have a couple hundred.

So here's the first one. When you see an A at the beginning of a word, it could be negative. It could be negative.

All right, here's the verse you just translated. And the two principles I would like to teach you here is first about long and short vowels. Okay.

So the vowels, just some simple examples, are A plus A, I plus I, oops. And these are some of the vowels that get a U plus, gets a long form, okay? So I'll give you three here.

A, that's called a short vowel. This one here, A. Seiji, say A.

A.

[Говорящий 2]
A.

[Говорящий 1]
And then say A. A. Say A.

[Говорящий 3]
A.

[Говорящий 1]
And A. A.

[Говорящий 3]
Okay, I'll give you an example. Okay. Oh, right.

[Говорящий 1]
Okay, pretty right. Okay. The sound in B-U-T is a short A.

A, but, okay, but, a, a, okay? And the sound in the word purchased, bought, is a long A, okay? Forget the letters.

Forget the letters, okay? But is a short A. Bought is a long A.

And so you have to learn to ignore the letters and go for the sounds, okay? Say A. A.

A. Like there's a big difference between, I bought something from Maitri or she touched my butt or something, I don't know. Okay.

No, that's the difference between a short A and a long A. It changes the meaning completely, okay? And you got to get used to that, okay?

And there's two aspects to short and long vowels, okay? One is called the quality of the vowel. One is called the quality of the vowel, okay?

A as opposed to a. That's the quality. What you hear is a change in the quality of the vowel, okay?

A as opposed to a. And it changes the meaning of the word completely, like but and bought, okay? Also, it is considered classically to be, the long A is considered to be pronounced for two milliseconds instead of one millisecond, okay?

So you say but and you say bought, okay? But and bought, okay? And when you're reading Sanskrit, you have to pronounce the quality of the vowel.

The pronunciation of the vowel has to go from other A. But also the length of the vowel in time has to be two split seconds, okay? Listen, but bought, okay?

But and bought, okay? Cool, all right. And then the it is the same, it and E, okay?

It and E and ooh and ooh, okay? And again, the quality of the vowel shifts and the length, the time period of the vowel increases to double, okay? All right, so I'll read this first line, okay?

I'll read line number three, you ready?

[Говорящий 3]
Yes, could you turn off the spelling error thing?

[Говорящий 1]
All right, I'll do that.

[Говорящий 3]
Tools.

[Говорящий 2]
It is good. It's pretty great for diacritics.

[Говорящий 3]
Tools, spelling and grammar, hide spelling errors. Yeah, there you go.

[Говорящий 2]
Thank you so much.

[Говорящий 1]
All right, okay. It's not going, okay. There we go.

All right, I'm going to read it and note the vowels, okay? mama, mama, tavad, anenayati, vardhin, kushalom, bhagavayutun, prasada, vegah, atamatsamadhatur, eva pashyad, aparopyanam, atopi, sarthakuryam. Okay, so you hear the long A, right?

The A vowel, I don't know what the statistics are. My professor before computers and Dwight Whitney did the statistics, it's in his book. And they counted all the vowels in the Rig Veda, for example, by hand.

And the frequency of A is way past all the other vowels, okay? So the A vowel, ah, and ah, is much, much higher frequency, like 80%, okay? So if you just remember ah and ah, you're well on your way to pronouncing Sanskrit correctly.

We have marks that we put on letters to show their value. Like to distinguish between a short A and a long A, we will add a mark above it, that's a macron. So we say tavad, tavad.

And when we type it, we put a mark on the vowel. And that long line over the A means this is a long vowel, okay? Where did, these are called diacritics, okay?

And where did the diacritics come from? I don't know why, but it was a system to show the exact pronunciation of a letter without taking more than one slot, okay? They did not want to expand the letter to two slots.

So they could have written AA, for example, but somebody wanted to keep it to one slot. Ah, so diacritic means restricting yourself to one slot horizontally. You add a mark onto a letter which changes its sound, okay?

And these dots under the letters, these slashes over the letters, they are called diacritics. You can call them pronunciation marks or something like that, okay? But they change the sound of the letter, okay?

And those are called diacritics. And we'll be learning the diacritics one by one, because this is organic Sanskrit. And I would like to call it officially DCC organic Sanskrit.

So that's how, this diacritic mark. And what happens historically is you get a word like this, okay, just for example, okay, which is Sri Lanka. And it's actually like this, Sri Lanka, okay?

And the Lanka is different also. But you get something like this. And then people who don't know anything change it to Sri Lanka, okay?

What should it have been? S-H-I No, yeah, but no, if you, because, and we're going to learn it later, but this is called, hang on, because I feel strongly about it, approximate pronunciation, okay? Or you could call it closest, normal English, but did I misspell pronunciation?

Pronunciation, okay? And we're going to get into that obsession of mine later. But what happens is foolish people misspell the words of countries, okay?

And it drives me nuts. In fact, we have a meeting today with one of those people, Nick. So, you know, my whole goal is to teach them pronunciation, but I'm not, of course, I wouldn't say that at the beginning of the meeting.

But anyway, so this is diacritics. So now you know diacritics will be aggregating, will be adding to a collection of diacritics by organic. Each time we see a new diacritic, and I don't have anything else to talk about in the verse, I will teach you what the diacritic means, okay?

All right, so that's a diacritic means a pronunciation mark. Maybe we should say pronunciation mark, I don't know.

[Говорящий 2]
Is it close to the phonetic system?

[Говорящий 1]
Well, there's a hundred systems, and you know, this is the traditional Sanskrit system, okay? Okay, so please read, and Mr. Nick is going to check you.

[Говорящий 2]
DANG SBYOR DANG SBYOR DE NI NGES PAR BZHIN DUG DGA'H SKYE BU'I MTHONG CHUB TUG PAR GYUR PA LA GAL TEN DI LA PHAN PA MA CHUG NA PHYIN DE YANG DAG DANG SBYOR PAR GALA GYUR Nice, GALA GYUR, nice.

[Говорящий 1]
GALA GYUR Yeah, what's DANG SBYOR mean, Seiji?

[Говорящий 2]
Leisure and fortune.

[Говорящий 1]
Yeah, how many DALWAS and how many GYOR PAs? These are two. Do you guys remember?

Ten and eight. Eight and ten. Yeah, DALWA GAL and GYUR PA CHUG.

Eight leisures, ten fortunes, right? DALWA does mean to have time to do something. And GYUR PA can mean to have the wealth or the means to do something.

So this life of leisure and opportunity is BZHIN DUG DGA'H to NGES PAR.

[Говорящий 2]
Very hard to find.

[Говорящий 1]
Extremely difficult to find, yeah. And the Sanskrit says LAB HA, which means to obtain, to acquire. So if you know Sanskrit, you can translate slightly better.

What's SKYI BU?

[Говорящий 2]
To be born?

[Говорящий 1]
No. Person?

[Говорящий 2]
Person.

[Говорящий 1]
That's a person, a persons. DUN GRUB SIDDHARTA, what's it mean?

[Говорящий 2]
No.

[Говорящий 1]
Things they want to accomplish? Yeah, to accomplish the goals of a human being. If you want to achieve the goals of a human life...

Okay, sorry. PHOG PA means to achieve, right? If you hope to achieve the goals...

Sorry. Oh, okay. I want to go surfing, Nick.

It cleans out your sinuses. It's too rainy here. I do a neti pot, and I think I'd rather have Mother Ocean do it, but okay.

On a wave that you fall off, right? KHYAB PA DUN GRUB THOB PA RGYUD PA LA. If you hope to attain, to reach, to give life, to give meaning to a human life, okay?

KHYAB PA DUN GRUB THOB PA RGYUD PA LA. KHYAB PA DUN GRUB THOB PA RGYUD PA LA. So you should try to give meaning to your life.

KHYAB PA DUN GRUB THOB PA RGYUD PA LA. If you don't achieve PHEN PA, what's PHEN PA, Stiggy? Do you guys know?

[Говорящий 3]
Benefit?

[Говорящий 1]
Benefit, yeah. By the way, if I had time, we could learn colloquial Tibetan also from the verse. And we could do an organic colloquial Tibetan.

But PENGYI MEN DU, say PENGYI MEN DU. PENGYI MEN DU. Everybody say PENGYI MEN DU.

PENGYI MEN DU. That's no use. It's not helping, you know?

Hey, I have a car problem, you know? And I have a headlight problem, and I changed the headlight. I was so proud of myself.

And it worked for like two hours. And then it went out again. And then I said PENGYI MEN DU.

Oh, it didn't help. Changing the headlight didn't help. It's a wiring problem, okay?

So PENGYI MEN DU means it didn't help, okay? PENGYI MEN DU. MA DU NA.

If you don't... What's the DILA, you guys? And it's Uttara here, by the way.

Here. Sorry. As pertains to in this human life?

Good, yeah. If you don't get something done in this life, okay? When you have...

You know, you have food. No one's bombing your house today, you know? You're still fairly young.

You know, you have a teacher. You have books in the world. You know, if you can't do something good now in this life, PHYI means what?

Next life. Yeah. Later, later on.

Okay, later on. PHA LA RGYUR means how... PHUT TA.

How the heck? Yeah, how the heck you're going to pull together these resources again? Okay, how are you going to pull together these...

resources, okay? Okay. Yeah, go ahead.

Can I just ask you, he used PURU SHARTA instead of Siddhartha. Is that common or do you...? I'm about to address that. Oh, nice.

Here we go. A good teacher should anticipate your thoughts. So when I was studying the Abhidharma Kosha, I spent 12 years on it.

I wrote a dictionary. of the Abhidharma Kosha. It took me 12 years.

On the bus, I used to go with a big tray of notecards and put them on my lap in the bus. Hundreds and hundreds of notecards, two trays, because there was no computers. And I worked on the Abhidharma.

And about, I don't know, it's about halfway through or something or less, I realized it was a bad idea. And then I had already spent like a year or two on it. I was like, shoot.

The reason is, Sanskrit authors twist words to make meter. And they replace words to make meter. Make meter means we need 23 beats, right Seiji?

We need 11 plus 12. Each line has got to have 23 beats. If he uses the normal word, he gets 24 or 26 or something.

So a Sanskrit author will either use an accepted short form or long form, or they will create one. So like leisure and opportunity, they'll say leeturnity. Okay, got it?

Instead of saying leisure and opportunity, they'll say leeturnity. They'll make up a word with pieces of other words. You see what I mean?

That's why Sanskrit dictionaries are three feet thick, because then some poor Sanskrit dictionary writer has to go put that word in the dictionary. It wasn't a real word at the time, or it wasn't a serious word at the time. The guy just squished the word because he needed to make his beats.

Why were they so anal about making beats, you guys?

[Говорящий 2]
Easy to remember?

[Говорящий 1]
Yeah, much, much easier to memorize. When it's all in predictable beats, which the Tibetans achieved, it's totally easy to memorize. You know if you left the word out because it's Okay, you know if you forgot something, okay?

So I just wanted to point that out to anybody. If you're going to make a Tibetan Sanskrit glossary, my suggestion is you use a lot of books, which is what, who did? Which is what Lokesh Chandra did.

He made the greatest Tibetan Sanskrit dictionary in history. He's still alive, or he just died. He was 95 or something.

But he spent his whole life making dictionaries from the ancient translations of the Tibetans. And so you got to be careful about this idea that you could make a vocabulary list or a glossary from the actual lines, because they are weird. They're not normal.

And you don't want to learn the Sanskrit that way. So I'll be protecting you from weirdos. I won't teach you a Sanskrit word which is thrushed or smashed or twisted that he wanted to make verse.

And there's a hundred things we could talk about in the Sanskrit. And we're going to be, what do you call that? Disciplined.

And we're not going to learn everything at once. There's one thing I want you to learn basically from each verse, or two things. In the last verse, we learned long and short vowels.

And we learned about the idea of diacritics. And now in this verse, all we learned was, don't trust the Sanskrit, don't memorize the Sanskrit words one-to-one from the Tibetan. Try to find out the full form of the Sanskrit.

If you're going to memorize vocabulary, make sure you're not memorizing a twisted word. All right. Next verse, Seiji.

[Говорящий 2]
,'JI LTAR TSE MO'I SNGAGS PHYIN RUNG NA, ,'GLOG DGOS PA'I, Good, GLOG.

[Говорящий 1]
GLOG.

[Говорящий 2]
GLOG. GLOG. GLOG.

[Говорящий 1]
GLOG.

[Говорящий 2]
Okay. ,'CHIK BAR NANG THONG PA THAR, Thank you.

[Говорящий 1]
,'CHIK BAR NANG THONG PA THAR, ,THAN SHIN SANGYE THU'I KHYA LAM NA, ,'CHIK THEN SUNAM LUL CHOK THANG KHA NJUNG, DANG DANG YANG DANG Okay, good. JI LTAR means just as. SEMS MO means what, you guys?

SEMS means sign. SEMS means name. SEMS means RANG BTZAN, JI TZAN.

But it also means night time. Yeah, it also means night time. SEMS MO means night time.

So when you see tsen, you got to be careful. It could mean name, it could mean sign, it could mean nighttime. Okay, I mistranslated a deity's name in the Vajrayogini's sadhana, du tsen ma, for years, because I didn't have the Sanskrit.

Mun nak means what? You guys know? Munpa?

Darkness. It means deep, deep, dark night. Mun nak means the deepest, darkest night.

Chin rum means the clouds, bunch, rum means the clouds, kind of big clouds have smushed together. Chin rum na. A big, big, the sky is filled with big competing clouds.

Okay, chin rum means that. But it's nighttime, so you can't see much. You can tell it's a cloudy night.

You feel it's a cloudy night, but you can't see it very well. And then suddenly there's lok. Lightening.

High tone, by the way, lok. Lok means lightning, and it is the modern Tibetan word for electricity. Okay, so if you want to say lok min bu means there's no electricity right now.

The electricity went out, lok min bu. If we had time, we could do a colloquial dictionary. Okay, gyu means we had gyu in the gyuing of the ukjungu.

The passing of the breath in and out. Yeah, we had gyu in Sugeng's book, and this is similar. It means to race or to speed.

So lok gyu means a stroke. What do you call it? A stroke of lightning?

Bolt. You can say bolt here. A bolt of lightning, okay?

Bolt of lightning. Gye chik. Instant.

Single instant, okay? And then you have to pronounce this as par lang. Par lang means the sky.

The open sky. Par lang means the open sky. Dönpa means, here it means illuminate.

Okay? It means it shows. It shows the sky.

So the sky is covered in deep clouds, many, many piles of clouds in the pitch black of the night. And then there's a single bolt of lightning that lasts for a millisecond and illuminates the whole sky. You can see all the clouds.

You can see, if there's any helicopters or owls, you can, everything is illuminated. I think, Wern, this might have been the first two words of the third line. Is this it?

I think it was dey shkin. I think it's a typing error or a carving error. So I'm not teaching you how to use Gopher yet, but we do have a search program.

We do have a million pages of stuff to search. And I'm going to search the whole tengyur to see if it has this line in another book. And I'm going to check to see if this was dey, okay?

I'm going to check to see if this was dey shkin, okay? Because da shkin is very, very rare, okay? And this is how I have to work on your guys' texts for many hours before class.

So Wern, should we check for da shkin sangye? We shouldn't, because we'll just hit this again. Yeah, we'll just hit the mistake.

If it's a mistake, you don't want to search for what you think is wrong. You want to search for the pieces around it, okay? So I'm going to take shkin sangye.

By the way, you can just block it out. And I'm going to take these four syllables and I'm going to jump over to Gopher, okay? And I'm going to put it in the search field, okay?

Now, Seiji.

[Говорящий 2]
Yes.

[Говорящий 1]
Your book is under-commentaried in the Tibetan, I have to say. That's why I'm thinking to write one. There's not enough commentaries.

I don't know why, but there's not... In my opinion, there's no great thorough commentary that I know of. But there are some Sanskrit commentaries.

There were some commentaries from ancient times, maybe from 1,200, 300 years ago. We do have some commentaries. Those commentaries might very well have ended up in the tengyur.

They might have been translated into the tengyur. And whoever translated the Sanskrit into Tibetan may have used this line, okay? So we're going to go look in the, what, you guys?

[Говорящий 3]
Tengyur.

[Говорящий 1]
Yeah. So here's all my favorite search fields. I'll be teaching you how to use it.

They are adjustable. Here's the tengyur. Here we go.

Are you ready? And I like to brag about this database. I like to brag about the search engine.

The search engine is about 32 years old or something. And it's probably the only surviving piece of software from 32 years ago. And it was built to be future-proof, and it has proven itself, if I may say.

Okay, here we go. Although it's now we're having trouble. But I have a plan.

All right, here we go, Seiji. Count the seconds, all right? It's searching 3,700 books, okay?

Ready? Which is about a million and a half pages or something.

[Говорящий 3]
Come on.

[Говорящий 1]
And there you go, okay? There's a commentary to the Bodhicaryavatara from ancient times. What's it say?

[Говорящий 2]
DE BZHIN TZANG GI THUB It says DE BZHIN.

[Говорящий 1]
DE BZHIN, yeah. And we can confirm it. We can say, keep looking.

Is there any other commentary? Oh, it takes one second. DE BZHIN, okay?

Is there any other commentary? There's, uh-oh. Why is it wrong?

That's our text.

[Говорящий 2]
It's probably this text.

[Говорящий 1]
That's our text. That's our text, okay? All right, so anyway, we confirmed it should be there.

Then you go back here. Mixed nuts standard. And you go like this, okay?

[Говорящий 3]
Okay. Why don't we just change it?

[Говорящий 2]
Future proof?

[Говорящий 3]
Maybe we're wrong?

[Говорящий 1]
Maybe we're wrong, okay? So we respect the opinions of our forefathers, okay? This percent sign in the mixed nuts means I think this is wrong.

In fact, I'm sure it's wrong, but I'm not gonna change the tenure, okay? Oh. Okay.

And you know, there's one chance out of a hundred that it was really that way. And I'm gonna respect that possibility. So this is what we can do in the mixed nuts.

Although when we publish a book, final publishing, we insert our corrections. But in the research, we don't change it, okay? So, okay.

So he- Can I ask you a quick question about that? Yeah, go ahead. If we check the scan that we know is the scan that was used for this input, and we see that the typist was wrong, in that case, would you change it?

No, I wouldn't, because the data is still running around somewhere. You see? Yeah.

[Говорящий 2]
It's recap time, by the way.

[Говорящий 1]
Yeah, let me finish. Okay, I'm gonna read this last two lines fast.

[Говорящий 2]
Why is that? Because the data is still running around somewhere?

[Говорящий 1]
Well, there'll be earlier iterations of our data in the world, and they will still say duh, and people will get confused, you see? So, I can't say who has our data from 1985. I don't know.

[Говорящий 2]
And we- So marking it like this, at least, shows that this is a variant that we've discovered.

[Говорящий 1]
Yeah, and it helps those guys who have our older data. That's my thinking. Cool.

Yeah.

[Говорящий 2]
Cool.

[Говорящий 1]
Okay. DE'I PHYIN SANGS RGYI MTHU'I RGYAL LAM NA Due to the power of the Buddhas, RGYAL LAM NA means in 100 paths, which is an idiom for once in a million years. RGYAL LAM NA, which means once in a hundred paths, is an idiom for once in a hundred years, or once in a million years, or something like that.

In English, we will say once in a million years. A singer like Alex Rivas only happens once in a million years. RGYAL LAM NA JIG RTEN SON NAM LO GRU THANG RGYA CHUNG JIG RTEN SON NAM The good karma of the world and their mental capacity, THANG RGYA CHUNG, it only occurs in history for a few seconds.

THANG here doesn't mean a field or a plane. It means a millisecond. THANG is an old word for DGE GCIG.

So, they required good karma in the world and they required mental capacity to read the Bodhicaryavatara. Happens as frequently as a bolt of lightning in one whole night.

[Говорящий 3]
Okay.

[Говорящий 1]
It's a beautiful metaphor. It's a beautiful metaphor. We're going to go to the Sanskrit, the organic Sanskrit next class for this verse.

Seiji, you want to give us any review, like a mini review?

[Говорящий 2]
Yes. So, what do you see? We saw the first paragraph.

[Говорящий 1]
Oh no, that was the homework. We talked about how this opportunity, this life of leisure and fortune is hard to find, the conditions for us to be able to have the time and resources to study this kind of texts.

[Говорящий 2]
And basically, this is it. If we don't do it now, it'll be, we'll have to wait for a long time to get this same conditions. And then we went through this beautiful poetry, image of how rare this is when you're in a dark night with a lot of clouds and lightning strikes and it illuminates everything.

[Говорящий 1]
Yeah. What's the lightning represent? The mental capacity and the good karma.

Oh. It only happens once in a night. Once in a million years.

Yeah, good. So Seiji, can you translate the next? I want you to do three verses, okay?

Six, seven, and eight. Okay. And by the way, the Sanskrit study that we're doing, organic Sanskrit, we just take one or two principles every verse.

But we do not repeat principles. I will never talk about what's a diacritic again. Never.

In this Sanskrit course, okay? And then we're going to accumulate or aggregate the Sanskrit rules or information very slowly and very gradually. But I am not going to repeat.

And that's part of the idea. So if you're here at the beginning, you're lucky. And you must study the principles we have given you so far because I will not repeat them.

And they aggregate. They are cumulative. If you don't have the first 30, you'll never be able to learn Sanskrit.

You have to look these over. You have to learn them. I'm not repeating them.

Okay? And we're just moving on. You think it's simple now, but I'm not repeating principles as we go through the text.

Okay? You have to learn them. And it's, come on.

It's like three things, you know? But it adds up over a couple of years time. So you have to memorize what I've taught you so far about the Sanskrit.

And if you don't keep up with Seiji, you will never learn Sanskrit. You will never learn organic Sanskrit. I'm not going back.

I'm not repeating. Okay? It sounds easy now, but you're going to get behind fast if you don't memorize what we did already.

And then you'll never learn Sanskrit, at least not in these classes. Okay? Cool?

All right.

[Говорящий 2]
Thank you very much, Geshe-la.

[Говорящий 1]
Thank you, Geshe-la. Mr. Nick. Yeah.

Hey, thank you, Geshe-la and everybody. So you guys are really lucky. You have a Q and A with Mr. Tim Lewenhaupt now. And then after that is yoga. So we will see you in the afternoon classes. Thank you.

Thank you. Thank you for all the lessons. It's so amazing.

Okay. See you guys soon.

[Говорящий 2]
Pfft.