Бен Крамер — Книга 2: Драгоценность истинной мысли (Геше Йеше Вангчук о Дхармакирти), занятие 18

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, probably. The ocean stays perfectly still where I live. Very strange ocean.

[Speaker 3]
Yeah, I can see that.

[Speaker 1]
I've got an office where the ocean doesn't move.

[Speaker 3]
Wow. Oh, I'll be right back. I forgot something.

[Speaker 1]
I hope it's gone. Yeah, can you hear me? Yes, sir.

Are you just fine? Are you at the college again? Yeah.

[Speaker 3]
Right on.

[Speaker 1]
Tim, I don't know how to increase the volume on my machine. Oh, okay.

[Speaker 3]
I was afraid to mess it up.

[Speaker 1]
Hey, you look handsome, man. You guys ready? Let's do it.

Who's the victim today?

[Speaker 2]
That'd be me, boss.

[Speaker 1]
Dr. Kramer, good morning. I don't know why I can't.

[Speaker 2]
Good morning or whatnot.

[Speaker 1]
Let me turn it up. Yes, I have all the way. Hang on, we got some tech stuff going.

Are you not hearing us very well, Gisela? Yeah. Yeah, I got Tim working on it.

Yeah, I'm in. You've been in the summer? Yeah, it looks good.

My wife might drop by in a few minutes in the next few hours.

[Speaker 3]
Hey, Ben, could you give me a little talky talk?

[Speaker 2]
Oh, yeah. Once upon a time, there was a little boy named Bacon. This is a story my kid wants to hear every night.

And Bacon wanted to make a bacon apple blueberry pie. But so he went to a chef. He said, how do I make an apple bacon blueberry pie?

And the chef said, there's no bacon in an apple blueberry pie. And I'm sorry, I haven't.

[Speaker 1]
It's making me have a trauma. Okay. Nick, you want to say anything?

I probably have a different audience. Oh, hi, Becky. Hi.

The audience is growing. Well, I'll just say real quick, welcome back to the Mixed Nuts or the Diamond Cutter Classics translation program. Glad to see you all here.

Glad so many people are enthusiastic about nerding out on translation of ancient texts with us. We have fun and we struggle through it. So thanks for being here to put up the good fight with us.

Just for those of you who weren't here for the morning class, we're doing this is the 17th term. So we've been doing this for about five years and for over five years. And we've finished several books.

We're deep into several others. And if you're jumping in for the first time, good luck. Don't get stressed out if you don't understand everything.

I don't understand everything. And I've been here in every class for, yeah, going on six years. We don't believe you, Geshe Michael.

We believe everything else you say, but not that part. So just enjoy. Have a good time.

As Geshe Michael likes to say, just being here, being present for these classes will affect your mind. It's going to imbue your mind with some of the ideas, some of the wisdom contained in these books. So thank you for joining us and have a good time.

Hey, Nick. Thank you. I'd like to welcome the people who are in Sedona.

Some are visiting. I'm going to try to do this, Tim. Can you?

Okay. This is the classroom that's about... You want to show the...

The outside is really beautiful. The red rocks of Sedona. Especially I'd like to welcome, from Chicago, Olga Kisov.

Welcome. She's a great teacher. I've seen her teach many times online.

And she's originally from Ukraine. Welcome. Ekaterina Bogomolova.

Welcome. Living in Toronto. Originally from Russia.

Inna Evanila. Originally from Ukraine. And also, nowadays, she lives in Chicago.

Enfance. She didn't bring any croissants at all. And Maria Myrtle.

Who's a homeless... No, lives in Vienna. And originally from Russia.

So welcome, you guys. And welcome to Peter. Peter Myrtle from Austria, Vienna.

All these guys are incredible teachers. And it's an honor to have you here. And I thank you very much.

There's one refugee from a place called Los Angeles. Which is Rebecca Vinicor, who's been helping forever. Very expertly.

And then you know the other guys here. Maitri, my grandson. Okay.

Dr. Kramer. Do you want to say anything about your book? Just pretend someone's here who doesn't know about your book.

And maybe you could give us an introduction to your book.

[Speaker 2]
So the book is... It's called Jewel of the True Thought. But it's the true thought on the topic of accurate perception.

Meaning how to have an accurate understanding of reality. And in particular, two things we'd really like to come to an accurate understanding of. That is that there is such a thing as a way out of pain.

There is such a thing as enlightenment. And that there's someone that we can trust to get us out of pain and to enlightenment. And we're going to spend approximately 51 years.

Unless Ben finally gets a little better at translation. In which case it'll probably only take 49 and a half years. But I really mean to apply myself.

So that is my goal. And we're in a topic now where we're talking about the great teachers. From the lineage of teaching of accurate perception.

And in particular at the moment we've been talking about Dharmakirti. Who conveniently enough is the author of this book. So he wrote this root text around 700 AD.

But we're reading a modern commentary. Basically a great teacher who died in our... Well in my lifetime.

Now the spread of ages in this group is getting much wider. Not in Maitri's lifetime. But in my lifetime.

And our teacher Geshe Michael edited the manuscript back in 1907. At the monastery. And kindly inserted the root text for us.

So I'm very excited. And up to you Lama. You gave me a fairly oppressive assignment.

But I will dutifully deliver the mess that I've created. Do you want to first do a progress report?

[Speaker 1]
Yeah I'll do a progress report then I'll turn it over to you Ben. Okay boss. Let's see here.

Where are you? Here. Yeah so I like to let everybody know where we are.

How long we have to go on each text. And this is a long-term project. Some of these texts are going to take 20, 30, 40 years.

And so here's the progress report for Ben's text. There are two books that we printed. These are some of the first books ever printed by ALL.

About 25 years ago. And this manuscript was brought out from West China, Tibet. And was delivered to us handwritten.

And it was input. And normally I don't spend much time on modern books. Because you know you only get a great book every 100 years or something.

A really great book is only every 100 years or 50 years. But this is the greatest book on Dharmakirti. It's the greatest book ever written on Dharmakirti.

So it's really unusual to have a teacher who's alive. Or who was alive at the time. Who wrote the book.

And he spent many years, 15 years writing the book. And we spent years to input it, clean it up, print two books. And that's what Ben's working on.

So the first book will take Ben about eight years. Itself can be split into three books of about 450 pages each. And that's the first half.

So the whole thing maybe six books. So Ben can finish the first book I would say in about a year. Sorry, two years.

And there's word counts and stuff like that. So the first chapter would take about 15 years. And the other chapters, the whole thing is scheduled to take 51 years.

To finish this text. If we don't have any problems. Okay.

And we were doing... Oh, so we were doing the biography of Master Dharmakirti. And I'm going to turn it back to Mr. Kramer. And you just go ahead and read it with us.

[Speaker 2]
Okay, boss. Here's where we are. I took this pretty directly from you.

So this is where the assignment started. But we are on the topic of the 12 practices of the ordained. I've highlighted the word garbage unhelpfully.

I'm sorry. Let me move you guys out of the way so that I can remove this. Okay.

Yeah. Okay. Here are the 12 roughly.

And then we're going to go through them. Yeah. I don't know.

Do you want to... The list I mostly took from you. But they may...

Our translation of these may or may not change as we go through the descriptions, I imagine. Do you want to sit and stare at this list? Or do you want to go ahead and scroll down?

[Speaker 1]
Let me just take a quick look at it.

[Speaker 2]
Very good.

[Speaker 1]
I forget why we're doing the 12.

[Speaker 2]
Oh, that's very much addressable, which is that Dharmakirti... Uh-oh. Uh, Dharmakirti...

Sorry, Master Dignaga, rather, taught... Many, many students became very popular. And in fact, created many students of his own.

Not one of whom did not follow the 12 traditional practices of the ordained.

[Speaker 1]
Okay, cool. So all of Dignaga's students, Master Dignaga's students followed these 12.

[Speaker 2]
And this is an earlier translation that you did of this... Of the list from a footnote from Illumination.

[Speaker 1]
Okay. So let's look at your... Let's look at this translation.

Sanyomba... So these are 12 practices that a traditional monk would have done in the time of the Buddha. And I have to say that monasteries have changed a lot.

You know, for example, in the old days, you were supposed to sleep under a tree. You were not supposed to sleep in a big monastery. And you were supposed to take your clothing out of the garbage.

And that's why monks' robes were split into pieces. And nowadays, they go and they buy an expensive piece of cloth. They cut it up into pieces.

They sew it back. They pay more money. And it's all got weird, you know.

But here's the original hippie lifestyle of monks during the Buddha's time. And I like it. Okay, so sanyomba means don't keep food.

Ask people for food. Okay, go beg for your food. Tenchik means eat in a single sitting.

Don't eat more than once a day. Chimilan means don't eat after 12 o'clock noon. And I kept that.

In the monastery, you have a choice to keep it or not. After you're ordained, you can keep it for one day, or you can keep it for the rest of your life. I kept it for 15 years during my diamond business.

And it's wonderful not to eat dinner. So that's called chimilan. Chugasum means to wear the three religious robes of a monk.

Chingba means wear only robes of inexpensive material. And I always say if the robes were made nowadays, they would be jeans. They would be old jeans, you know.

They should be something that's cheap, available. I bought a pair of jeans for a couple hundred bucks online. And then somebody from Diamond Mountain told me, you can get those at Costco for $12.

And okay, so wear only robes of inexpensive material. Get the material. Chakdrtya means get the material for these clothes from the garbage that other people have thrown out.

Gunpa shing means if you want to, you can stay in a cloister, a small monastery, or ate at the foot of a tree. You can sleep. If you're traveling with the Buddha or something, you just stop at the nearest tree and sleep under that tree.

That's called chungba. Laga man means don't put up a tent, like sleep it out in the open. You can put a cloth over your head if it's raining, but you don't build something.

Tsokpo means to never sleep excessively and sit without leaning. Eleven, du trupa means get your stuff out of the graveyard. People used to throw bodies out on the ground with their clothes on.

And the wild animals would come and eat the bodies. And then you had to fight the wild animals for the clothes. And then number 12, your mattress should be made of grass and leaves.

So that was the real ancient tradition. So Ben is working on a... I think you've been working on a little bit of a commentary here.

You want to go into it and explain it?

[Speaker 2]
Well, yeah. Well, what can I say? We're going to go through each of these 12 and elaborate.

And it didn't turn out the way I expected it to. Also, I expect that I'm just dead wrong a meaningful amount of the time. But it seemed like some of these were variations or options that you could kind of opt for some of the 12 and not all of the 12.

And there are a bunch of versions of each of the 12. And here's the first.

[Speaker 1]
Okay, cool. Dambosanyamola, practice of being free of food is the first of these. By the way, Ben, I was thinking that it'd be nice for you and Nick to, we'll talk about it.

It'd be nice for you to introduce the work you're doing on the database in one of these classes. So, Nyepay chokpay sunyongpa dang.

[Speaker 3]
Yeah, nyepay chokpay sunyongpa dang.

[Speaker 1]
Tar kyi longway ni. I don't know what this means. I have to check it out.

I have to look it up. Nyepay chokpay, I think means food that you might... I think the chokpa here, I haven't read this.

But I believe that chokpa would mean allowable. And nyepay chokpay means food that you find somewhere, like old food that's thrown out or something like that. And tar kyi longway, I would think something that you also, that you obtain by begging.

[Speaker 2]
Well, right, but maybe he does explain this below, right? He gives a dongpo and I need that.

[Speaker 1]
Oh, there it is. Okay, nying shak chik tu drelway khyim chik ni tsam la'i sen langten longchu. Yeah, so nying shak chik means for a single 24-hour period.

Drelway khyim, household that you have a connection with. Chik ni tsam la'i, you don't go to 12 households. You go to one or two, only one or two.

Yeah, khyim chik ni tsam la'i, only from one or two. Otherwise, you could go to 20 houses and collect food. Chik ni sen langten longchu, and then you partake of that food.

[Speaker 2]
Makes more sense than what I came up with.

[Speaker 1]
de pen je mi long nyampa dang, and then you're supposed to think to yourself, okay, the nyampa means the intention should be that you shouldn't seek any further food. You eat the one time from the one or two households and you don't, and your intention should be that you won't ask for more than that. Nyipa ni, the second kind of tar kyi longwa means khyim sang ngen mi donpa tar chak su longwa-o.

It's a very difficult language, but I would guess it means you shouldn't consider. Yul chak su, tar chak means... Oh, so tar kyi I think here, Ben, means take the food in order as you walk down the street, and don't skip the houses that have lousy food.

Don't go to the first house and the fourth house. Tar kyi pa here means, I think it means here, you should request food from the first and second house, and then the next week maybe from the third and fourth house, but you're not allowed to pick your houses, and you're not allowed to, like, oh, this lady cooks better than this lady. I think I'll go to that house.

You're supposed to go down the street in order. That's tar kyi pa. Khyim sang ngen means don't make any distinction.

I think donpa here would mean compare. So don't compare which household makes better food, which household makes worse food. Rather, tar chak means go in order down the street and take from the houses in order.

[Speaker 3]
Okay.

[Speaker 1]
All right. Okay. Wow, these are long.

Oh, my gosh.

[Speaker 2]
Yeah, boss, I beat my head against this. Nick helped me. I yelled at him a bunch.

I was so frustrated.

[Speaker 1]
This is old language. Where did we take the commentary from? I don't remember.

[Speaker 2]
Oh, well, sure, that part I can easily answer.

[Speaker 1]
Isn't it Geshe Tsewang Tsangdru?

[Speaker 2]
Which is our classic favorite.

[Speaker 1]
Oh, great, great.

[Speaker 2]
Yeah, yeah. Here we go. Yeah.

[Speaker 1]
By the way, if you've ever been involved with the Gold Clubs, which saved ALL's ass, I mean, life, you should be proud that we have this text because this text, we didn't have a copy anywhere. And we found some pieces in St. Petersburg, and we found some pieces in Mongolia, and we found some pieces from China, and we put it back together. So, extremely, the best text ever on all three sets of vows, which are Pratimoksha Vows, Satsang Vows, and then Secret Vows.

And that book explains all of them perfectly, briefly. Okay, and we should translate... What else should we translate next with Seiji?

Don't tell him. Well, actually, I have a sexier choice for him. His book is going to finish this term.

And he's going to be famous. You probably won't be able to talk to him much.

[Speaker 3]
He doesn't want to talk to me.

[Speaker 1]
All right, okay. Okay, so here we go. Let's look at this, Ben.

NYID PA BSTAN GCIG PA LA Yeah, eating in a single sitting. BSTAN GYI THA GYEN GYIS BSTAN GCIG PA CHU'I THA GYEN GYIS BSTAN GCIG PA SREG GIS THA GYEN GYIS BSTAN GCIG PA DAM GSUM Yeah, there's three versions of this one-sitting practice. One's related to the seat.

One's related to the water. One's related to the food, okay? Yeah, I like your translation.

Does he go further into it? Oh, he does.

[Speaker 2]
Yes.

[Speaker 1]
Okay, good. DE GSUM NI GNYIS ZHAG GCIG TU SREG NAS GCIG LAS MI GSAL BAR TZUN KYANG All three are equivalent in that you don't eat more than once in a single 24-hour period, right?

[Speaker 2]
Oh? That's not clear to me. I believe you.

[Speaker 1]
Let's go through it. The DE GSUM NI means this, in all three of these, GNYIS ZHAG GCIG TU in one single 24-hour period. And you got to say 24-hour period, okay?

It's not a day. A day is not clear enough in English. It's a 24-hour period.

In it, because otherwise you get snacking late at night, which is why Geshe-la got his COVID tummy, which I'm trying to work off. GNYIS ZHAG GCIG TU SREG NAS GCIG LAS MI GSAL BAR You don't eat food more than NAS GCIG one time, okay? I think this NAS is misspelled.

I'm not sure. MI GSAL BAR TZUN KYANG TZUN means all three are equivalent that you don't eat more than once in a single 24-hour period, okay? Okay.

And then he's going to clarify the three. DANG PO NI in the first of these, which is supposed to relate to BSTAN, right? What's that mean?

[Speaker 2]
Your seat.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, your seat. Like the seat you're sitting on. DANG PO NI SREG SA BA'I BSTAN DE LAS BLANGS NAS MI GSAL NYAM PAR How did you translate that?

Let me see. Yeah, good. Yeah.

Once I get up from this seat in which I'm eating this one meal, I won't eat again. I won't eat further, okay? That's good.

You translated that well. GNYIS PA'I This is the one that's supposed to relate to...

[Speaker 2]
To water.

[Speaker 1]
Water. Good. GNYIS PA'I BSTAN DE LAS MA BLANGS NYAM KA SHAL WA CHU LUNG NYA This was not a term I was familiar with.

KA SHAL WA CHU LUNG NYA What's shalwa? Did you look it up, Vince?

[Speaker 2]
Right. It seems to mean something like that. I don't know if it's a strange way of saying drink, but it seemed like everywhere I looked, it seemed like it meant like washing your mouth with water.

[Speaker 1]
It's brushing your teeth. Okay. Now, okay.

So, before you get up from that one seat... Yes. ...eating your meal, once I wash out, rinse out my mouth, and this should be BAS, okay? Shalwe, okay?

[Speaker 2]
Of course.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah. So, once I drink this water in order to rinse my mouth, which is like brushing their teeth, I won't take another meal after that, okay? So, once I do my final mouth rinse, I won't eat anything after that.

That's nice. I like that. That makes more sense.

Yeah. So, by the way, I would have preferred if it said something like kashalwar, after you take the water with which you intend to rinse your mouth. See what I mean?

The instrumental here is a little uncomfortable. Okay. Anyway, here's the third one, which is supposed to relate to...

[Speaker 2]
Eating?

[Speaker 1]
Yeah. By the way, the spelling of kashalwe in the last sentence would really work well for the sentence before it. Instead of...

So, I would put BAS, B-A-postrophe-I in the curly braces. Because in the next sentence, it's more comfortable. Remember I said it wasn't comfortable?

Yeah. In the next sentence, it is comfortable. So, I think this should have been wei, kashalwe, okay?

Then it becomes, after you lift up in your hand the glass of water with which you are going to rinse your mouth, you should decide no more meal after this, okay?

[Speaker 3]
Wow.

[Speaker 1]
Okay, so kash... tenpe re manlang shing, before you get up from that seat, okay? Okay.

Before you get up, even if you don't take the water to rinse your mouth, okay? se kyi kam tama... Oh, wow.

This ming is misspelled. It should be M-I-D, which is a rare word that means to swallow, okay? It's not ming, okay?

By the way, the only other M-I-D, I'm sure word knows for $100 in Tibetan, there's only one. M-I-D. Mipa?

Mipa? You didn't get it.

[Speaker 3]
Acyzopigopsis?

[Speaker 1]
It's the first part of Mila's name, okay?

[Speaker 3]
Oh, okay.

[Speaker 1]
It's a dumb car. It's M-I-D or M-I, okay?

[Speaker 3]
Oh, wow.

[Speaker 1]
I was working on it today for some other reason. Okay. shen wei qu, manlang yang se kyi kam tama mi ne.

Once I what? Se kyi kam tama.

[Speaker 2]
Once I do that? Once I take a single bite of food? Once I meet.

Oh, once I swallow that first bite of food? Eat so much as one?

[Speaker 1]
Oh, I'm a...

[Speaker 2]
Last, sorry, sorry, sorry, the last.

[Speaker 1]
Once I swallow, even if I don't have a glass of water for rinsing my mouth, once I eat the last bite of food, I'm not eating again today. Okay. All right, cool.

[Speaker 2]
Okay, a quick recap, okay? So they are the same intention. I'm gonna get to a certain point, and then I'm not gonna eat any more food.

In the first case, it means when I get up from my...

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, it doesn't seem to work today, by the way.

[Speaker 2]
Sorry?

[Speaker 1]
I have this intention every day, but it doesn't work.

[Speaker 2]
Yeah, I have yet to develop this intention. So in the first case, as soon as I get up, I'm not gonna eat again. In the second case, after I rinse my mouth with water, I'm not gonna eat again.

And in the third case, as soon as I swallow my last bite of food, I'm not gonna eat again.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, and in the third case, it's implied that the water was not available for some reason.

[Speaker 2]
Okay, okay, cool.

[Speaker 1]
Woo, I've never read this, okay?

[Speaker 2]
So... Oh, and that's why the yang, the chu ma lang yang, like even if I'm not able to take up the water. Okay, okay, cool.

Whoops, whoops, whoops, whoops. Oh my God, everything's spiraling out of control. Here we go.

[Speaker 1]
Cool. This is sexy. By the way, this is a good Vinaya text.

And, you know, there's a Vinaya text that I dream about by Lodro Lekson that I would love to translate, but it would take a hundred years. Anyway, sumpa chi mi nam-a-la, avoiding food in the latter part of the day, du chikpa dang sok rungwa nyi damo ni. Okay, now we know he's gonna explain things, so I'm not gonna guess what it means.

Du chikpa means a single time. Yeah. Sok rungwa means appropriate to be stored.

[Speaker 3]
Oh, stored.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, this is the same root as sok as on sechu, meaning keep stuff. Yeah. Sok rungwa nyi.

I had a great sechu with Peter and Maria, by the way. That's one that I had. And anyway, I won't describe it.

Damo ni, the first one, which is called at one time, nin shak chik tu. Let me see your translation. You avoid the latter part of the day.

[Speaker 2]
Right, because, or in the sense that.

[Speaker 1]
In one, in a single 24-hour period, right? Nin shak chik tu. Okay, good.

[Speaker 2]
Okay.

[Speaker 1]
What's du rung gi tse mean? Do you guys remember? Appropriate time?

Yeah, it's food which is legal for a monk or nun, but only at certain times of the day. The word is time-sensitive food. Du rung gi tse.

Okay, so. And by the way, there's certain exceptions about men, which allow for sok chok. If it's medicinal food.

If it's medicine, you can store it and you can use it. It's not du rung. So certain kinds of medicine are not du rung.

They should not. It's not necessary to finish them before noon. So du rung, time-sensitive, also means you should eat it before noon or you should throw it away.

So in this case, nin shak chik tu, in a single day, du rung gi tse, time-sensitive food, which means normally it should be finished before noon. Je tsam gupa, that's a very important word. Let's see.

Yeah, you only eat what you need. Perfect translation. Yeah, you should teach Geshe Michael about this.

Only eat what you need.

[Speaker 2]
I can only report what the book says.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, I think you're picking on me. Je tsam gupa. By the way, if you think we're picking on you, you have the blessing to read these books.

That's a famous thing. If you think the teacher is picking on you, you're an appropriate vessel. All right, je tsam gupa.

You take as much time-sensitive food as you need for the next 24 hours. And chen len du chik tu jat de. And you bless all of it at the same time.

You do the blessing ceremony for the food at one time. It's very important to offer anything you eat. And I'm like this.

I'm like, that's not so... It's an instinct now. It's not very thoughtful, but it should be an instinct that you bless what you eat or drink before you eat or drink.

You offer it to the Buddha or something. A cheap way to do that in the tantra is put your rude teacher at your heart and say, here you go. Okay.

I like those simple ways. Okay, chen len du chik tu jat de.

[Speaker 2]
Durung yi se, is that specifically, is time-appropriate food specifically necessarily in opposition to medicine? Or are there other examples of non-time-sensitive food?

[Speaker 1]
Medicine, some medicines are not durung. Some medicines can be stored and some medicines have different time limits. That you can keep them around the house.

[Speaker 2]
And is that what the implication is of this?

[Speaker 1]
Durung here normally means to be eaten before noon. Yeah, it means appropriate for certain times of the day. Durung, okay.

Okay, only appropriate for certain times of the day. The opposite of that is almost always a medicine which you are required by your doctor to take every few hours or something. So.

[Speaker 2]
Householder puts in a blender for you.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah. Once you start eating. Okay, so here tsam means once you start eating.

Okay, tsam means to initiate an action. Okay, tsomba. Once you start eating, later on, mi len.

[Speaker 2]
You don't take any.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, yeah, good. So that's the first one. That's called one time later not eating.

Now the second here is called storage okay. Sok lungwa, storage is okay. Sok lungwa.

NYIN ZHAG GCIG TU DUR RUNG GI ZAS GCIG TZAM DGOS PA LANG NAS BYIN RLEN RIM BZHIN BYA STE SA BAR TZAM PA NAS PHYI MI NANG BAR What? Just the same. NYIN ZHAG GCIG TU DUR RUNG GI ZAS GCIG TZAM DGOS PA LANG NAS BYIN RLEN RIM BZHIN BYA STE SA BAR TZAM PA NAS PHYI MI NANG BAR I don't know why he's talking about this.

I got to think about it. It's supposed to be sok rung, which means allowable to store. And NYIN ZHAG GCIG, one 24-hour period.

DUR RUNG GI ZAS GCIG TZAM DGOS PA LANG You take as much food as you might need, as you might really require. And then you do a series of blessings. RIM BZHIN You do a series of blessings.

And I assume what he's talking about is, yeah, you take stump food, but because you are ill or you have some medical condition like that, then you're going to be allowed to eat in the evening. Something like that. All right.

And that is an exception that's recognized in the Vinaya. So like, I don't know, if you have a stomach problem and you can't eat a large part of your food, then you can eat a little bit before noon and a little bit after noon. It's not meant to hurt you.

It's meant to help you. If you're a person who responds better by eating little amounts of food all day, that's fine in the Vinaya. Then that's considered medicine.

So I would say here, RIM BZHIN BYA Do the blessing of the food the first time you eat. Bless it again the second time. Bless it again the third time.

And then if you start to eat, if you intend to eat three times today because you have a medical problem, and you have to, and then you can do three blessings on the food in the morning, and then you can start eating the first one. And even if you go ahead and eat a second or third one during the day, you have honored CHI MI LEN. You have honored the intention of not eating afternoon.

Okay?

[Speaker 2]
Because you did multiple prayers when you got it.

[Speaker 1]
In the morning, when you took your first meal before noon, and you said, I'm taking my first meal. I intend to take two more meals. I hereby bless all three meals because I'm sick.

Because my doctor said I need to eat three times. So it's not meant to be... The original Vinaya, what happens in all religions, is some fanatic gets a hold of it, and they shoot you if you eat a second and third meal.

And the whole intention was to be healthy and to save your time. But if you have a medical condition, or you're the kind of person who gets sick if you don't eat, Veronica has to eat. The doctor told her eat every hour or two, and eat something small.

Because that's her diurnal cycle. That's her daily cycle. And she has to eat like that.

Or else she just can't function. So it depends on what your doctor tells you. It's not meant to be punitive.

It's not meant to be a punishment. All right, let's go to number four. This is hopefully easier.

[Speaker 2]
This one is shorter.

[Speaker 1]
Feels like it's going to be easier. PHYIR DGOS GSUM PA NI PHYIR DGOS GSUM RTZA BAR BYANG RANG LA BYAS CING RTZA BA'I YOD CES GZHAN RNAMS BYANG MI RUNG BAR MED NA LHAG PA'I YOD CES DANG KHO BA'I YOD CES KYI DGOS MI BYANG RANG Oh, okay, good. Okay.

All right, I'll take it this way. The fourth is wearing the three religious robes. Good.

PHYIR DGOS GSUM RTZA BAR BYANG RANG LA BYAS CING RTZA BA'I YOD CES GZHAN RNAMS BYANG MI RUNG Well, you got a double negative here.

[Speaker 2]
Do not keep other things that you should not.

[Speaker 1]
What did you say? Oh, hang on. Oh yeah, I'm sorry, you got it.

RTZA BA'I YOD CES GZHAN RNAMS BYANG MI RUNG BAR MED Actually, the point of this next sentence is, it's not the case that it's inappropriate to keep other things that you need to live your life. You see what I mean? Like a water strainer.

You see what I mean? Or an extra robe as a sleeping bag.

[Speaker 2]
Oh, so it's MIN LA, so it isn't MI RUNG BA, to have GZHAN RNAMS BYANG, to have other things.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, double negative. It's not inappropriate to keep other things you really need, like a mosquito net if you're in a jungle in India. It's not inappropriate to keep something else.

That you need to live in a healthy way. RTZA BA'I Okay, okay. LHAG PA'I YOD CES DANG KHO BA'I YOD CES KYI GOS MI BYANG RNGUB But you should never keep...

Right, you shouldn't keep articles of cloth or clothing. Yeah, and there's two cases here. You shouldn't keep clothing which is either LHAG PA'I or KHO BA'.

Okay, and LHAG PA'I means extra.

[Speaker 2]
Excessive, yeah, okay.

[Speaker 1]
And you know, I was writing a book recently, I was thinking about the nature of desire. And so I got a good pair of shoes. I like them.

And my wife found out I like them, and she went and got me another pair. And she said, well, when the first one wears out, you can keep the second one. And then I'm like, well, maybe I need a third one.

You know, it's the nature of desire that you're planning for the next one, even though you might die before you use it, right? And so LHAG PA'I YOD CES means extra stuff. YOD CES means stuff.

Yeah, so you shouldn't... And by the way, it does modify KOD. So clothing which represents extra clothing, extra stuff.

Okay, like a second monk shawl, because the cloth might not be available next year. Okay, and then KHO BA'I means, I'll take it to be, there are allowed, we are allowed to wear certain articles of clothing which are necessary at the moment, like a rain jacket. Okay, there's a special char kep, which is, it's an oiled piece of cloth with oil on it that stops the rain.

And they hand them out before the monsoon in the ancient Vinaya system, and it's allowed. So that I would call KHO BA'I means special needs stuff, but you're not allowed to accumulate it. You can't say, I'm going to keep, they hand out the rain cloth a couple, like a week before the rainy season, and then you're supposed to turn it back in at the end of the rainy season.

So you don't start accumulating stuff in your monk's house. Okay, cool.

[Speaker 2]
So then does LHAG PA'I distribute to KHO BA'? Is it LHAG PA'I YOD CES and LHAG PA'I...

[Speaker 1]
There's two different examples here. One is clothing, which represents backup clothing. And then clothing which was issued to you for a particular need, KHO BA'.

And then the need passed, and you should not accumulate those things.

[Speaker 3]
You should give it back.

[Speaker 1]
Okay, okay. There's a date by which you have to give back the rain cloth. And like that, okay.

All right, boy, this is tough.

[Speaker 2]
I noticed that as well, yeah.

[Speaker 1]
I think logic might be easier. LHAG PA'I CHING BA NI DGOS THAMS CAD... Oh, wow, this Luke is misspelled.

You tell me how I know.

[Speaker 2]
DGOS THAMS CAD LUK GYI BEL Because it says LUG GYI BEL, right?

[Speaker 1]
Isn't cloth made of sheep? But there's another indicator here. Oh, I see.

Oh, the key. Yeah, after S, you cannot have a G.

[Speaker 3]
Cool.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, so the LUG is misspelled. It should be LUG, as Master Nick pointed out.

[Speaker 2]
It should be LUGS. This is what this is.

[Speaker 1]
It should be LUG.

[Speaker 2]
LUG, that's it.

[Speaker 1]
That's the animal. LUG system with the S, right? Right, okay.

Like galupa. Okay, so LHAG PA'I CHING BA NI DGOS THAMS CAD LUG GYI BEL LAS BYAS PA You should only wear... You should only keep, which is CHUNG.

You should only keep clothing which is made from the wool of sheep.

[Speaker 3]
Yeah.

[Speaker 1]
And you should not CHUNG other kinds of clothing. Yeah, other types of cloth. Yeah.

Okay. And I guess, and I think the point here is like silk, okay? Something that's more expensive than wool.

Wool itself in Sambinaya context is considered expensive, as opposed to cotton. Okay, okay. Okay.

All right. DRUG PA PHYAG RTAG PHYIR PA LA Yeah. PHYAG RTAG PHYIR means to dig around in the garbage bin.

What do you call that? Dumpster.

[Speaker 3]
Dumpster diving.

[Speaker 1]
It's called dumpster diving. You only see the person's feet. Okay.

PHYAG RTAG PHYIR PA LA By the way, PHYAG means amidst. Amidst. So you're supposed to find your clothes amidst the garbage.

PHYAG RTAG means garbage. PHYAG RTAG PHYIR PA LA DOR BA CHOG Wow, that DUNG is DAR.

[Speaker 2]
I knew it. Okay, that makes sense.

[Speaker 1]
Good job.

[Speaker 2]
All right. Darn it, yeah.

[Speaker 1]
So by the way, maybe your guys are getting a sense that to be a good translator of ancient books, you have to smell when there's a mistake. And that's extremely hard. It takes many.

And you can't do that. You can't be a translator.

[Speaker 2]
Yeah. I struggled because I didn't want to believe they were going to do it repeatedly. And maybe they're about to do it again.

[Speaker 1]
But yeah, yeah, they did do it again. You can fix that one too.

[Speaker 2]
Yeah, yuck.

[Speaker 1]
And I don't know, you know, the person typed DUNG 10,000 times. Then they got DAR and they said, this must be DUNG. Yeah, okay.

That's why the Greek was done in the Philippines, for example. They didn't want Greek people to type it because the Greek people would fix it subconsciously. You know, they did it in Korea and the Philippines.

So that there wouldn't be this cultural bias of a person who knows the modern Greek. Okay. I originally offered this job to Thailand people.

And then I asked the monastery if they wanted to do the typing. And they said, yeah. Okay.

So DROD PA CHAGS DAR PHRAD PA NA. DROD PA CHAGS DAR PHRAD PA DANG, DROD TSIG SU BYAS PA'I. CHAGS DAR PHRAD PA, DROD TSIG.

Yeah, so DROD PA means thrown out by somebody. So digging around in garbage thrown out by somebody. And this is, DROD TSIG is interesting.

I'll give $100 to anybody who can connect it to the fire offering. The three times you offer in separate intervals? I'm having a bad evening.

I love it. DROD TSIG has a different meaning. It's not word.

It's not word. Okay, forget it. This word, spelling of TSIG doesn't mean word.

It means a joint of the finger. Or the joint of the... The reeds.

Yeah, the reeds. And the joints in bamboo, which are called TSIG. Any kind of...

Any kind of... What do you call that name? Reed.

Like bamboo that has these joints in it. That's considered auspicious because it represents many years of life. Each joint represents another year of life.

So when you do the fire offering, for a long life, we always use anything that has natural joints in it. Like bamboo or reeds. So, DROD TSIG GSOS BYAS PA means divided into periods.

Separated into periods. DROD TSIG GSOS BYAS PA Now, why the second kind of dumpster diving is called periodic? I don't know.

Let's go see. Let's go see. Here's the first one.

GZHAN GYIS THOR BA'I KHOD KYIS DUM BU RNAM KU BA'I DRUB PA GANG RGYUR BA SOGS TSIG PA KU BA'I DRUB PA I don't know what that means. Did you look it up? KU BA'I DRUB PA Scavenged?

[Speaker 2]
Yeah, something like.

[Speaker 1]
Because... Yeah, I don't know this word, okay? KU BA'I...

Yeah, I don't know this word. GANG RGYUR BA means what? That means to dye it, dy, okay?

[Speaker 2]
Oh, ka, color?

[Speaker 1]
Kadok gyurwa, to change the color, okay? So you take white cloth, which has been thrown out by somebody, and you are allowed to dye it purple or saffron, depending on where you are. So you take, dungu means pieces.

Dungu means patches, small pieces. Now, kuwa drupa, I don't know this word. I have a feeling it means to dig it out of the garbage or something.

And then you're allowed to dye it to the appropriate color of a monk or nun, okay? To sok chepay ku, chunky. You are allowed to chung, what's that mean?

[Speaker 2]
Keep.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, you are allowed to keep that kind of cloth. This key is, at the end of a sentence, but, yeah, at the end of a sentence, always but. But, de le shenpa'i gun min chung, what's that mean, Mr. Kramer?

[Speaker 2]
You can't keep any other sort of cloth.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, good, okay, good. So that refers to garbage which was discarded, okay? Now we want some kind of garbage which was time-sensitive again, or divided by time.

We don't know why. We don't know what they're talking about, okay? NYID PA NI GZHAN GYI LTA BA ZHI YAN GZHI LONG CHE ZIN PA'I DGOS Oh, okay.

The second means you may keep cloth and... No, which has been. You see what I mean?

[Speaker 2]
Okay, which someone has been using for at least four months.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, yeah. You're not allowed to have a new piece of cloth. You're not allowed to have new cloth.

So if you're smart, you get a really good pair of jeans, have your sister wear it for four months, and give it to you, okay? Yeah, so in that way, it's time-divided. Time-divided, okay?

Yeah, you can wear, you can use cloth which has been already worn by somebody else for four months, YIN CHE. Yeah, or more, right, or more. But GYI, again, the...

What do you call that?

[Speaker 2]
Disjunctive.

[Speaker 1]
Disjunctive GYI. But you're not allowed to wear other clothes. Okay, good, nice.

You did a good job on this part.

[Speaker 2]
Probably a time, I'm afraid.

[Speaker 1]
You think? That's about it. They are exactly one minute over.

Wow, okay. Okay, we'll pick up at number seven, okay?

[Speaker 2]
Cool, boss, thank you very much.

[Speaker 1]
You did a really good job, and this is very difficult. As we saw with Xiaoping's text, Vinaya is the oldest language that we deal with. It's all 25,000 years old, 25 centuries old.

One daughter of Kerala with his daughter Sota, the daughter of Marge had passed to the daughter and bothered every day in Sushlakur of which Beppu engendered his daughter.

[Speaker 2]
Is that James Brown?

[Speaker 1]
Awesome, awesome. That's only 500 years old. So imagine two and a half thousand.

That's English. That's normal English 500 years ago. So multiply that times five, and that's what Ben's trying to read here.

Cool. Good job, Dr. Creamer.

[Speaker 2]
Thank you, boss.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, sushi to you, too. All right, take a break, you guys. How much time we got, Nick?

20 minutes? Two minutes, technically, but let's take five. All right.

And Mr. Seiji's coming. Hey, Seiji. Thanks, Keshla.

You're very welcome. Thank you, thank you. I was so happy today.

Veronica said, why are you so happy today? I said, I'm back with the nuts, man. All right, see you guys.