Бен Крамер — Книга 2: Драгоценность истинной мысли (Геше Йеше Вангчук о Дхармакирти), занятие 8

[Speaker 2]
Here we go. Okay, give our author's name in Tibetan Sanskrit and English and tell us how he describes his autobiography. Okay.

Oh, that sounds like me.

[Speaker 3]
I know.

[Speaker 2]
Well, we're not.

[Speaker 3]
He's the god of wisdom.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah. There's no greater quiet in the world than after a homework question.

[Speaker 3]
Yeah, that's true. Geshe, Geshe Wangchuk. Great.

It's Znaneshvara.

[Speaker 2]
Yeah, cool. Yeah, right. Znaneshvara, as you know.

Yeah, right.

[Speaker 3]
Znaneshvara.

[Speaker 2]
And he calls himself- He can't spell like that. Okay, the boss agrees. What does he say about his autobiography?

[Speaker 1]
He refers to himself as extremely lazy.

[Speaker 2]
That's true.

[Speaker 1]
And he says this is a story of- Am I the only one frozen?

[Speaker 2]
Yeah, I think you were.

[Speaker 3]
This is a story of my- I can't remember now. He's going to hang out his journey long term.

[Speaker 2]
Yeah, that's nice.

[Speaker 1]
All right. Yeah, that people talk about.

[Speaker 3]
Dig up the ant nest.

[Speaker 2]
Yes.

[Speaker 3]
Among friends.

[Speaker 2]
Yeah, right. Tom, right, was like a, yeah, a discussion amongst friends in which you- Geshe-la said, right, Tsang tu means like to dig up an ant hill to reveal your heart, to reveal a mess. In this case, Rong, you're the mess.

[Speaker 1]
By the way, that song is related to Dratan. Okay. Yeah.

Yeah.

[Speaker 2]
That's cute because the monastery is like a little ant hill of monks.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, it's like a hive or something. That's, that's neat.

[Speaker 2]
That's kind of cool. It has that feel. Yeah.

What text does Bhutan Rinpoche use to corroborate details on the meeting between Lord Manjushri and Master Dignaga? Traditionally, this sort of a question would have a- all questions traditionally have question marks. Oh, yeah.

And then what's the name of that text? And the author, Sanskrit, Tibetan, and English. Except it's a tough question, but we didn't cover that much.

But sorry, I'm asking it anyway. Is it the Eighth Jungten? No.

No, okay. Uh-uh. I'm not sure what you mean, but I'm confident that it's wrong.

Let's see, hints. Oh, he is named after the final stage of the path of preparation, this author. Yeah, cool.

Um, uh, in English and Sanskrit?

[Speaker 3]
Uh-huh.

[Speaker 2]
Yeah. Right, which is probably Dharma and Uttara, right? Right.

Yeah. Um, and, uh, yeah, what's the book called? That's relatively easier.

Um, you have to- Yeah, say again. Sema Nampar Ngepe Drel Shek. Cool, um, yeah, which is what in English?

[Speaker 3]
An explanation of, um, um, you know, that book.

[Speaker 2]
Yeah, uh, the doing something having to do with, uh, accurate perception.

[Speaker 3]
Accurate perception, right, right.

[Speaker 2]
Sorry, that's- Doing what having to do with accurate perception. Um, uh, uh, Nge, we said ascertaining, understanding, ascertaining, uh, accurate perception. Um, I just went and grabbed the- anyone Sanskrit?

That's hard. I just know because I had to look it up and because, uh, the boss made me do a bibliography entry. Um, this is going to be an issue, however, but we're going to talk about it in a moment.

So, ostensibly, all right, I'm calling it the Tika here. Um, but we're going to have a thing about it. Um, yeah, all right, uh, what apparent point of clarification does Master Jnana Sri, um, offer upon the length of time that Manjushri volunteers to act as spiritual guide to Master Dignaga?

By the way, where is Master Jnana Sri from? And what's the Tibetan name for that place? That part's easy.

Actually, this whole question is sort of easy. You can do this. You, you can wait until Utpala responds, but someone out there could also do it.

Well, the first thing he says is he's going to stick around until he sees emptiness directly, but then the clarification is he's going to stick around until, as his spiritual friend, until he reached total enlightenment. Yeah, great. For the first level of the Bodhisattva levels.

Yeah, he just said, saw in the text. And so I, you know, I see clarification here because I wasn't sure whether he was correcting or clarifying because it seemed to me, and I, it's another thing to bug the boss about that. It was that the original text was ambiguous and not, he just said, saw, and I don't know, right, saw, tol, right.

Which just seems like an unclear level to be achieved.

[Speaker 1]
Usually, usually saw tol, when it's used like that does mean first saw. Okay. Okay, cool.

Until you saw tol, yeah. Okay.

[Speaker 2]
Where's Master Jnana Sri from?

[Speaker 3]
Dushita?

[Speaker 2]
Nope. He's ostensibly from somewhere on earth. Kache?

Yeah, Kache, which is what? Kashmir. Yeah, Kashmir, right, sure.

Like the Led Zeppelin song. Okay, now I, all right, that's the homework. And now, now I get myself into more trouble, which is, which one?

It's this one. Oh, this is going to be such a mess. All right, boss.

And I am also going to need this. So let me see if I can navigate, because I've got faces all over here. I have to show you my translation.

But also, you wanted bibliography entries, and also these are relevant. So here, maybe we'll do translation first. And you asked me for bibliography, and it's convenient because, no telling.

No, you don't know that guy? Yeah, let me see. What the, where the heck am I?

Oh, yeah. Whoa. Am I?

Yeah.

[Speaker 3]
Yeah, keep going.

[Speaker 2]
Here, thank you. Here.

[Speaker 3]
Let me check.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah. I, personally, I wouldn't translate Mutek as Hindu. I like to say other traditions or something like that, you know?

It could possibly include Jains. I don't know. It is the guys who go out in the Ganga with their little stool, right?

[Speaker 2]
And we called them their own. You know, it doesn't matter. It's, you know, it was a different book.

People will know that I was.

[Speaker 1]
I would say other traditions or something like that. Okay. Uh, just also so we don't insult, you know, certain.

Okay.

[Speaker 2]
Seem to mean that, but we're gonna soften it for them for modern times, even though Geshe Geshe Wangchuk seemed to mean that. And then that'll be, that'll apply up above when we had the Mutek masters who were alarmed by. Yeah.

Omens and, okay.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah. Now let's see what it does. I like, but I do like the English, which is unusual.

And I love your treatment of the pronunciation of the Sanskrit. You did not mix it with any transcription of the Sanskrit. And God bless you for that.

And I don't know, there are very, very few scholars who can do that. Okay. And it's a sad thing.

It proves that they're not logical. Anyway, uh, send admission.

[Speaker 3]
Yeah.

[Speaker 1]
Okay, great. Great. The only tiny thing is he didn't say.

[Speaker 2]
He did not. I know. Yeah.

And he also didn't say five. So I like, I wasn't sure how to.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah. So I would say the classical topics of knowledge or something like that. You see?

Okay. And because there's also five minor ones. Uh, so he doesn't say which one.

Yeah.

[Speaker 2]
I could say the classical sciences or the classical.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, that's fine. Classical sciences. Yeah.

[Speaker 2]
Okay. Okay.

[Speaker 1]
There are great ones and lesser ones, and sometimes it could be either. Yeah.

[Speaker 3]
Can I ask a question about in the first, the second sentence of the first stanza there?

[Speaker 1]
Yeah. And by the way, I just want to say one thing. I'm extremely picky about what gets out of the mixed nuts, into press, into printing.

I'm extremely, I hold a very extreme gate there, you know? I want everything to be perfect when it gets into a book. So, and this qualifies.

You qualify. These two sentences qualify. And I'm not going to be shy about it or anything.

If it's not good, I'm not going to release it. If it's not perfect, I'm not going to release it. And it's perfect.

Yay! Oh, I have a minute.

[Speaker 3]
So that passive sentence is okay?

[Speaker 1]
Which one?

[Speaker 2]
Or is it that Master Dignaga subdued the masters of other traditions?

[Speaker 1]
It is, as you say. It would have been better rendered as... Yeah, this dul is a very active form of what?

Tame. Tame. Dul.

Dulwa. Dulwa. Tame.

Okay, it's the same word as vinaya. Okay, so it is an active verb. Chepa-pong musa yupa.

Oh. So it should be... He did it.

He subdued. He subdued the masters of other traditions. And then spread the teachings far and wide.

[Speaker 3]
I can't.

[Speaker 2]
Okay.

[Speaker 3]
Okay.

[Speaker 2]
Okay, all right. Yeah, right. I'll deal with this.

Okay, and then you gave me another piece. And I'll come back and deal with this.

[Speaker 1]
Okay.

[Speaker 2]
And this one was...

[Speaker 1]
Oh, wow. Yeah, this is exciting because this is the first time we hear about Dharmakirti, which is who we're supposed to be writing about. And we see the direct connection between Dignaga and Dharmakirti, right?

With the indirect connection. Okay.

[Speaker 2]
I hindered it up here again. You know, I can...

[Speaker 1]
Okay. Go to Geluwang.

[Speaker 2]
Yeah, right. I mean...

[Speaker 1]
It's a Geluwangbo.

[Speaker 2]
Yeah, I mean a powerful victor, powerful king?

[Speaker 1]
The lord of the victors. And it's normally reserved for Buddhas. Victors being Buddhas, you see?

So, lord of the victors, yeah. But the crown jewel is correct. Yeah.

So, okay. So, it's in a positive. Yeah.

He became the lord of all victors, comma, the crowning jewel of the south. Yeah. Of southern India.

That's good.

[Speaker 2]
Okay.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah. By the way, just so you know, usually a DU after CHUNG is a mistake. Like 80% of the time.

Okay? I think you could get away with DU here. But it's something you should check in the carving.

Okay?

[Speaker 2]
Okay.

[Speaker 1]
And look carefully. You have to look carefully at the vertical stroke on the side of the NGA, as opposed to how that carver does the vertical stroke on the side of a DA. Because you cannot tell from the diagonal line at the bottom.

So, you get a clue from how he draws the... how he carves the side of the letter. So, I'd say 80-85% of the time, the DU is a mistake.

And it's supposed to be NGU. Okay? You'll have to look at the carving.

[Speaker 2]
Yeah.

[Speaker 1]
But this is possible. This is possible. DU means, when he was a little squirt, like Ezra, with his tooth falling out.

Okay. Yeah, from an early age is good. Nice.

His mother's brother was a Hindu teacher. I don't know the Sanskrit, but I assume it's Kumaras Yung.

[Speaker 2]
We actually had maybe even this guy in Siddhanta, when we went over the Shaivites, or the Vishnuites, I forget which.

[Speaker 1]
Okay, good.

[Speaker 2]
And he's also, you know, you find him on the Wikipedias and such. He seems to have been a famous Hindu teacher, by the way, around 700 AD.

[Speaker 1]
Okay, good, good.

[Speaker 2]
Maybe it's that guy, which is kind of interesting, if his uncle was a famous Hindu teacher.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, I would, you know, if it was me, I think NGEN DU MED. No, it's good. I like it.

It's well translated. Yeah, I like it. Hey.

Okay. Extremely unusual. And I go slow, and I really, really tear things apart, as you may know.

So, yeah, looks good.

[Speaker 2]
So, you asked me for these bibliography entries, and I'll tell you, I've got so much worse to offer than that, which is that I, in the, right, we did, in the very little that we did, right, I did, instead, I have 39 bibliography entries, and it includes those, because this is what I got stuck with in the break. Okay. And these are not new, but there were a few problems that came up, and it just so happened that one of the ones that was a problem was this pair by Dharmottara.

And so, and I'm sorry, I'm trying my best to, like, you know, balance these things and display these things. But yeah, so we had in our text, Dharmottara wrote, oh, the proof of future lives. Okay, so here we go from our text.

Okay, that he wrote the proof of future lives, and also both the greater and lesser versions of the Tendent. Okay, the great, you know, the correct commentary, as it were, to ascertaining accurate perception. I found two, what seemed to be two commentaries to ascertaining.

It's not obvious. Now, one of them, and the one that you just quoted here was not called Tendent. Okay, the one that we just quoted here, even though, which is uncomfortable, and I'm sorry, here, that was Dharmottara offered us our clarification.

Here, oh, no, I'm sorry. Oh, it's Jnanasri who offered clarification. Here we go.

Yeah, this is it. This is it. Yeah, he called it the Tika here.

Right, Chhuchok's Tika. All right, but the, and then you went to find the quotation. Here, right, and that is called a Tika in the Sanskrit, at least that we wrote, but it wasn't called a Tika in the Tibetan.

It was just called a Drelshe, right?

[Speaker 1]
Which is interchangeable, interchangeable.

[Speaker 2]
Well, you would think, but he wrote these two, you see. Now, the only other, the other commentary that we have by Dharmottara, in that, whoops, in that area, in that section, unfortunately, has this miserable name. Yeah, okay, however, all right, I found a scan of a printed book, right, that, right, the Pedurma, from the right version that BDRC has of the Tengir, right?

That seems to call that the Tenden.

[Speaker 1]
I would, I would search it in Gopher and go to the end of it, where you sometimes get a better title.

[Speaker 2]
Okay, okay, and all right, so look for, okay, cool. So, I can go, should I do that report back? Should we check real quick?

[Speaker 1]
And you can even, when you hit, let me show you something, okay? Yeah. It's 4227, right?

It is 4227. Okay, can I have the screen? Yeah, absolutely.

Okay, so we're gonna go here.

[Speaker 2]
Okay, you take the screen, boss.

[Speaker 1]
Okay, got the screen, and let's just use any old finder window, okay? So, I'm gonna search for 4227. Well, I'll tell you how I would do this, sorry, we're gonna do it a different way.

[Speaker 3]
Okay.

[Speaker 1]
Oops, yeah. So, let's go to Gopher. Joel, are you watching?

[Speaker 2]
I am, yeah.

[Speaker 1]
I know, good for you. You got, this is how it's gonna be. I can't set, I can't predict when I'm gonna be doing this, so you're gonna have to watch all these classes.

[Speaker 3]
Yeah.

[Speaker 1]
So, so Ben, I would, how do you do this? Hmm, I can't get to my, I can't get to, I can't get to the bottom of my Gopher screen.

[Speaker 2]
Can you grab, yeah.

[Speaker 1]
Here we go. Okay, so I'm gonna add a search field, okay? So Joel, this is something we gotta be able to do, add a search field quickly.

I'm gonna go to the tenure, okay? And I'm gonna go to SEMA, which is here, Category 11, and then I'm gonna search for 4227. It shows up on the right screen, on the far right.

You see what I mean?

[Speaker 2]
We don't see what you're seeing, Geshe-la, we only see the Gopher window.

[Speaker 1]
You should see the... No. On the very right of the Gopher window, do you see some numbers in light gray over here?

[Speaker 2]
If you stop sharing and then share your whole desktop, we'll be able to see everything.

[Speaker 1]
Let me try again. Share the whole desktop?

[Speaker 2]
Yeah, Desktop 1, it should be your first option in the upper left-hand corner.

[Speaker 1]
Oh, really? Okay, does that work? Yeah.

Oh, cool. I didn't know that. Okay, so I have gone to the Pramana category of the tenure.

I don't have to search for 4227, I just scroll down until I see it in the right-hand column, you see? And then I say, open, down here on the bottom right. And that creates a new search field at the bottom here.

And it pre-checks it, okay? I don't know why that's checked. It pre-checks it, okay?

And now we want to look at Tenden, you see?

[Speaker 2]
You unchecked the one that you wanted and left-checked the one that you didn't want, I believe.

[Speaker 1]
You're right. And we have done those things which we ought not to have done. Okay, so Tenden, right?

[Speaker 2]
Yeah.

[Speaker 1]
Now, technically, it's going to search two books, because there's two books in that category. But let's see what happens. Yay!

There you go.

[Speaker 2]
Right.

[Speaker 1]
There's a better title of the book at the end of the book, you see?

[Speaker 2]
Yeah, yeah.

[Speaker 1]
Isn't that cool?

[Speaker 2]
It is cool, right.

[Speaker 1]
Here's the commentary, the thikkha on Viennese chaya called Tenden, okay? Yay!

[Speaker 3]
Yes.

[Speaker 1]
So, what you just learned is that the creators of the Tohoku catalog weren't perfect.

[Speaker 2]
Right.

[Speaker 1]
But they were damn good. They were 99.9% perfect. So, you know, okay.

[Speaker 2]
Do you want to look at my bibliography entry?

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, no, I'm just going to give you the screen back. But, Joel, that's the kind of thing you want to be able to do. And I suspect we won't be able to do it unless we...

Joel, I suggest we create an advanced search that looks like Gopher and leave the one you did for the... Yeah. Seriously.

[Speaker 2]
Yeah, yeah, I agree.

[Speaker 1]
Because the one that you did is much more appropriate for academics, because they don't really have the sophistication that these guys do. Seriously. And so, a more visually pleasant, easier to use search tool is what should show on the ALL database in the front.

And then there should be a small button that says, Mixed Nuts Push Here. And it should go to a real Gopher screen. Okay, all right.

Which doubles Joel's work. Yay.

[Speaker 2]
So, and I'll show you more anyway. So, more issues along that. Okay, so now there's the question that then comes up.

All right, and here are these two entries. And this is also why I felt uncomfortable about it. I'm sorry, Bouton-Rompechet calling it the tikka, because now it's the other one.

The other one is called the tikka even in Tibetan. And we just found tikka even where you were looking. And so...

[Speaker 1]
Oh, yeah, I agree. You should always use what the text itself says at the end. Yeah.

[Speaker 2]
Right, yeah, right. But you see here, Bouton-Rompechet said the nongay tikka, right?

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, but since he calls the tikka chichok, he actually calls the tikka chichok.

[Speaker 2]
They're both by chichok.

[Speaker 1]
No, he's calling the book chichok. Yeah, right. So, it's a nickname.

So, you would not use that in your bibliography entry.

[Speaker 2]
Well, except that, right? So, what we had earlier on was there, right? Geshe-Geshe Wangchuk said Dharmatara wrote the greater and lesser versions of the Tenden, right?

[Speaker 1]
Oh, that's a different problem.

[Speaker 2]
I had to go looking for those with this other problem. I found the greater and lesser commentaries of the Tenden, which were commentaries to ascertaining accurate perception, right? And these do seem to be two of those.

So, what made me uncomfortable also about that is that of these two, we found this quotation by Bouton-Rompechet, okay, in the one that is not called the tikka by Dharmatara's translator, at least. Okay, but the other one is.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, no, don't get hung up on that. Tikka is a general term. Okay.

It just means a commentary, yeah. Oftentimes, what you're saying is that one was called tikka, one wasn't called tikka. Bouton mentioned a tikka.

He must be talking about the one that has tikka in its title, Makhyap.

[Speaker 2]
Okay, great. So then, the Sanskrit, someone, whoever in the, and this is, what, 422, yeah, 4227, right?

[Speaker 1]
Which is the one we just looked at, yeah.

[Speaker 2]
Right, which was, right. Look, someone, and I hope maybe it was you, took a pretty, right, used this big title, right, and tried to make the Sanskrit out of that.

[Speaker 1]
Oh, yeah, I did not do that. I'm not done with the Tenden yet, yeah.

[Speaker 2]
Okay, and then, Lokesh Chandra also tried to, I think he was, he maybe, I guess, must have been working from the Tohoku, because he also grabbed this big mess.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, so it's a rare mistake by Lokesh Chandra, I would say.

[Speaker 2]
And he didn't try to translate it either, so I couldn't verify a definite, I could piece it together, right, but I couldn't verify a definite Sanskrit for the bibliography entry for the Tenden.

[Speaker 1]
Oh, good, a question for you. Was there an ornamental Sanskrit title at the front of the Tibetan?

[Speaker 2]
No.

[Speaker 1]
Okay, good. In that case, what the rule is in our system, in our mixed-nut system, is that you create a Sanskrit title and you put an asterisk next to it.

[Speaker 2]
Okay. Okay.

[Speaker 1]
Which means this is what we think the Sanskrit might have been, but we could be wrong.

[Speaker 2]
Okay, and then these two, then it raised a question about this, and now I have to find, gosh, and I have to do this blind also.

[Speaker 1]
I love that you're asking me these questions, because if you ask me these questions, you guys can do proper bibliography entries. And I have to say, it's a trademark of the mixed-nuts that we take the time to do it right, and that's just what we do. If it takes three hours, four hours, we don't care.

We do it right. Okay.

[Speaker 2]
So here's this problem, okay? The greater and lesser versions, ostensibly, okay, of the correct commentary to ascertaining accurate perception. Is that what these are, right?

Because only one of them is called the tenden, and they're not that different by size, as you see a little bit. You know, it's not like, oh, obviously one of them is really small, and obviously one of them is really big.

[Speaker 1]
So one is 172 folios, and the bigger one is almost twice as long.

[Speaker 2]
Okay, okay. So maybe that's the greater tenden. I don't know what to say in the footnote.

I don't want to, you know, I don't know if I can be confident enough to say that 4229 is necessarily of the greater tenden, because that one isn't called tenden. Are you sure? Well, that's true.

We didn't look into it, is your point.

[Speaker 1]
Let me go back to my gopher, because I could just hit it again. Yeah, there's only one called. No, let me see.

[Speaker 2]
No, you didn't look in that folder. So we could even just look here, right?

[Speaker 1]
I'm going to do it right away here. Let me see. You can't see what I'm doing, but I'm just checking.

[Speaker 2]
But I just checked it also by directly looking in the text file, and tenden doesn't come up at least.

[Speaker 1]
No, it doesn't come up at all. Yeah. By the way, just a suggestion.

You should search for TED by itself in that 4229. There's only 182 of them.

[Speaker 2]
Yeah.

[Speaker 1]
So by the way, I'm scrolling down to the last one.

[Speaker 2]
Oh, smart. Okay.

[Speaker 1]
See if he said thepa dang denpa or something like that. You see what I mean?

[Speaker 2]
Yeah, but it's not...

[Speaker 1]
I mean, it's a long shot, but this is the kind of thing I spend my days on.

[Speaker 2]
Right, of course.

[Speaker 1]
And I'm sticky about it, because I believe that once we create one entry, it'll be correct, and everybody can use it later on. Yeah, the second one is never called tenden.

[Speaker 2]
Right.

[Speaker 1]
In any form.

[Speaker 2]
Right.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah. Okay. So you can note that in your footnote.

[Speaker 2]
Okay, just sort of a, hey, this is the best we could come up with.

[Speaker 1]
I'm going to ask you a question that will pop your socks off. Stanley, $20 for a new American idiom.

[Speaker 2]
That's not the thing. Knock, knock. It's knock.

[Speaker 3]
Knock your socks off, sorry. I'm going to knock your socks off. Okay.

[Speaker 1]
Who put the tengir together?

[Speaker 3]
Tibetan?

[Speaker 1]
Yeah. Yeah, Bhutan. Who are we translating right here?

[Speaker 2]
Well, Bhutan is who we're translating.

[Speaker 1]
So the guy who put the book in the tengir wants to call it tenden.

[Speaker 2]
Well, no. No, it's not true. It's not true.

Because I just jumped back to what we did last term from Geshe Yeshe Wangchuk. So this is from Geshe Yeshe Wangchuk. Who?

Spread out all the books on the floor of a warehouse. So he's also... But he's...

[Speaker 1]
I would make a note that according to the best of our knowledge, the longer one is not called tenden. Yeah, you could say that.

[Speaker 2]
Okay. So in answer to my assignment then, the first of these two is my bibliography entry. And I can go back to Dharmo Tara here.

[Speaker 1]
Okay, good. So you want me to check your S29?

[Speaker 2]
Correct.

[Speaker 1]
Okay, here I go. A period after the ampersand. Okay.

Quotation marks around ascertaining accurate perceptions. And that's a standard. That's a mixed nuts standard.

You know, technically the Chicago manual style would tell you to take it out of italics. But that's confusing for readers. Okay.

When you're quoting a book in a book title, technically you italicize the whole title and unitalicize the book within the title. But I find it confusing. And so this is our standard, okay?

I assume there's a dot under the T in tikka.

[Speaker 2]
Yeah, there is.

[Speaker 1]
Okay.

[Speaker 3]
But before that, there's something, Geshe-la.

[Speaker 1]
Sorry?

[Speaker 3]
Parentheses around the Sanskrit should also be in italics.

[Speaker 1]
That's true. I think that's my standard, yeah. And they don't have to be italicized before tib.

[Speaker 3]
Correct, yeah.

[Speaker 2]
And then there's a big question, yeah.

[Speaker 1]
Well, a couple more things. I don't think you have to capitalize do. Okay.

Okay. It's not really, it's just a commentary. You see what I mean?

Yeah.

[Speaker 2]
Isn't that what makes it the name of this? This book is called a, I mean, yeah, okay. But what's the name of this book then?

It's not ascertaining accurate perception.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, but that's not, that doesn't require capitalizing. That doesn't necessitate capitalizing the do and do. Yeah.

Okay, Tibetan translation then. I don't use the line numbers on the page numbers. Okay, you, sometimes.

I never do it. All right. Yeah.

Yeah, I've never seen it. But Tohoku does, and God bless them for their hard work. I wonder what happened to those guys, because they did that work just before World War II.

They probably died on an aircraft carrier somewhere. So, the rest looks good to me. Do you see anything, Utpala?

And God bless you for making a real, a really correct. I haven't tried.

[Speaker 3]
There's one thing, sorry.

[Speaker 1]
He's not handsome enough?

[Speaker 3]
No, no, he's plenty handsome.

[Speaker 2]
It's the dash between, in a range or series, you do not use a dash, you use an end dash.

[Speaker 1]
You mean the page number range?

[Speaker 2]
The folio range, yeah. So, any range, in dates, in a folio range. That's to distinguish, because some things, some catalog numbers will have a dash and a number.

So, it's not a range of numbers. It's a, I don't know, a distinct, it's a distinction. So, here we're talking range.

So, there's no question in anyone's mind.

[Speaker 1]
How do you make an end dash?

[Speaker 3]
Oh, you go option, dash on a Mac keyboard.

[Speaker 1]
Okay, God bless. Do you want me to check S30?

[Speaker 2]
Well, what I would like to do, if, and yeah, I mean, already I know there are a couple of things that I have to fix in S30. What, yeah, so let's do S30, but the other one that I owe you, actually, I would like to see, because I have more questions and I don't know if I want to monopolize all of our time like this. Can I go back and correct some of these and then ask you for another one in the next class?

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, why don't we do like 10 minutes in each class? Because this is a good use of time, but not a good use of the whole time. Okay, great.

[Speaker 2]
That's great. I'm going to ask you another bibliography entry question then next class. I already have one waiting for you.

I'm going to buff it up based on your help from this one.

[Speaker 1]
Good. And by the way, there's no reason why grandpa should have to do the bibliography stuff. And, you know, I could be correcting the meaning of the text if two or three of you could learn to make bibliography entries, yeah.

[Speaker 2]
Okay, boy, that took a lot of time.

[Speaker 1]
I'm sorry for having- Oh, and it's something I've wanted us to do for a long, long time. And it's time, because you guys have to take some weight off of me. I can't correct the translations if I'm working on bibliographies all day, you know?

So, just slow it down.

[Speaker 2]
Yeah, it took me about a really long time to correct the bibliography in the last text. A really long time.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah. Okay, well, it's not going to be perfect for two or three years, but let's start. Yeah, let's start.

Okay. Mr. Kramer, you want to- Oh, I'm going to go to your text. All right.

Where are you? Where is your text?

[Speaker 2]
Where am I? Where is any of us?

[Speaker 1]
Here we go. Okay, so you finished your translation part.

[Speaker 2]
Boy, their homework's going to be weird next class. How do you make an end out?

[Speaker 1]
I know. Okay, so I'm going to skip to here. Okay, this is what's happening.

We ended your last term with a mention of Chakpa Chukyi Senggye, who's an early Sakya logic scholar, and he holds a special place in the Gelugpa tradition. They refer to him frequently, but with mixed feelings. Okay, so I thought, Ben, if you're going to do this book, you should know Chakpa Chukyi Senggye, because in the debate ground in the Gelugpa monastery, they don't really understand who he was, or what he did, or anything about his life.

So, there are a few scholars who predate Tsongkhapa who are important in our lineage, and they're important enough to include their books in the database. Okay, and Chakpa Chukyi Senggye is one of them. That's 300 years before Tsongkhapa.

So, he's not going to be in our database, except I think we should put him in because he's so important for our lineage. And in the Vinaya, for example, Tsongkhapa was 200 years before Tsongkhapa, but I included his Vinaya works in the database because he's so essential for the Gelugpa lineage, although he's Kagyu. So, the database is...

And I'm jealously guarding the database. I don't let bad books into the database. And if any of you, after I'm gone, puts a bad book in the database, I hereby curse you forever.

Okay. So, Chakpa is somebody who does deserve to get into our database. And I thought you might like to know some of his life story because it's he who created the Dora.

Okay.

[Speaker 2]
And then, did we find his Dora? That was a question we asked last term.

[Speaker 1]
I got it for you right here.

[Speaker 2]
Hey, cool.

[Speaker 1]
Somebody started to translate. I think you translated the first sentence. So, we're going to read his life story from Mingdza.

Mingdza means the treasury of names. And it's a great, great place for short biographies. It's not...

Chakpa Chokyi Sengi doesn't warrant a full 500-page biography in your appendix, but he deserves four or five-page biography. So, if you want such a biography of any teacher, go to Mingdza. And there's another one called Shejai Ternza.

Okay. There's two sources which have excellent two-page biographies of people. Okay.

Got it?

[Speaker 2]
Yeah.

[Speaker 1]
So, let's read this together. By the way, as you mentioned in your footnote, a translation, and you did a good job on that footnote, it could be Chawa, it could be Chapa, it could be P-H-Y-A, it could be C-H-A, it could be Wa, it could be Pa. Many, many variations.

Okay. His given name is Chokyi Sengi. What's it mean?

[Speaker 2]
The Lion of the Dharma.

[Speaker 1]
Lion of the Dharma. And Chapa is, I assume, a place name like Village of Oak Creek or something. I'm not sure.

By the way, place names like that are more available online than ever before because of, you know, I don't know, satellites and stuff. Okay. All right.

So, please read first sentence. By the way, we should say KU LU We're going to take that from down there.

[Speaker 2]
Yeah.

[Speaker 1]
All right. Now, there's a lot to learn here. And I'm going to wipe out this English here because it's wrong.

Okay? So, I'm just going to wipe it out. Okay.

RAB CHUNG GNYIS PA You guys have to know the idea of RAB CHUNG. Anybody know? Someone who sucks a whole lot?

Yeah, it looks like that, doesn't it? RAB CHUNG is a calendrical term. And it refers to a 60-year cycle of elements and animals.

Okay. So, there's five elements. There's 12 animals.

And Tibetans use that system for calendar references. And so, I'm going to show you how to navigate. And it's good for all of you.

If you're translating a biography, and what this says is, he was born in the bull or cow year, lung, okay? He was born in the bull year, lung lo, of the earth element, SA. And earth element, the elements are doubled every other year, you see?

So, like 2021 will be a SA year, an earth year. And 2022 will also be an earth year. The first earth year is called SA PO.

[Speaker 2]
The daddy.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, and the second earth year is called SA MO. So, this is the second earth year relating to the cow, okay? In the second cycle of 60 years in Tibetan historical calendrical system.

Okay. So, he was born. KHU KHRUNG, honorific.

His holy body was produced. KHU KHRUNG, in the cow or the bull year. Of the second earth cycle part of the second major cycle of 60 years, okay?

Where do you go to check what western year that is? Where in Sikh?

[Speaker 2]
The end, yeah.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, so I'm going to stop sharing. And we're going to go to Gopher again, okay? Uh, here's Gopher.

Can you guys see my Gopher, okay?

[Speaker 3]
Yes.

[Speaker 1]
Oh, I should go to my, uh, my host.

[Speaker 2]
Make your life easier, yeah.

[Speaker 1]
Okay, let's do that. I learned something today. Okay, got it.

So, we're gonna go to, uh, Sikh, okay? Which is, uh, here. And I already have it marked here, okay?

So, the search field is the Great Tibetan Dictionary. The Great Dictionary. And by the way, Joel, these are the fields that are default for me.

I need all these fields. I cannot stop and define a field over and over again. These are the common fields that I need to use.

There's probably 20 or something. I need this, I need this format of a list for my fields. And it's not kangyur, tengyur, sumbhum.

I need about 20 fields to work effectively. And I need to switch job fields if I want to, quickly. So, here's, I'm going to the Great Dictionary, right?

Let me shrink this thing a little bit. I hope it works. Okay, so I'm in the Great Dictionary, and I want to search for, uh, I'm going to search for 1109 and show you where it came from, okay?

Here we go. Now, keep your mind down here, Joel. I need to see what file I'm in within the dictionary.

I have divided the dictionary into the letters of the alphabet, okay? So, uh, this T means I'm in the, I'm in the T's in the dictionary, okay? Which I don't want to be in.

Where do I want to be, you guys?

[Speaker 2]
Law? I don't know.

[Speaker 1]
I want to be in YRS. It means years, okay? And I set it up that way 30 years ago, okay?

And I, this 1109 happens to be a page number of the original dictionary. It's not what I want. Next match.

1109. I'm in where? Down here, YRS.

I hit the years section of the dictionary. This dictionary has a brilliant calendar at the end of, by year. Now, uh, look at this number after the 1109.

What's that? Two. Yeah, that's the 60-year cycle.

[Speaker 2]
Oh.

[Speaker 1]
Okay, that's the 60-year cycle. All right, got it?

[Speaker 2]
Kind of.

[Speaker 1]
It does happen to be the earth bull, okay? And there's a, look at 1108.

[Speaker 2]
How many? I'm sorry, the 60-year cycle. Maybe I didn't understand that.

There are how many?

[Speaker 1]
Every 60 years, there's another one.

[Speaker 2]
The whole thing starts over every 60 years. Yep. Starting around.

[Speaker 1]
Wait, we're getting there. It's a great question. It's an excellent question, Nick, and I'm going there immediately.

So, but I want to point out that 1108 was the earth bird year. So see, 1108 was an earth year. And 1109 was an earth year.

So which one is male? Which one is female?

[Speaker 2]
Oh, the first one is the boy, apparently.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, in a patronymic society, okay? Patrilineal. Yeah, so look, two earth years.

And when they, so to get a year, you combine an element with an animal, and you always repeat the element twice, okay? In two successive years, okay? So this 1109 is indeed the earth female, the female earth bull year, okay?

Got it? Got it?

[Speaker 3]
Yeah.

[Speaker 1]
Okay. Nick asked a question. When did this 60-year cycle start?

Let's go back in history until we see a one, Nick. There's where it ended, in 1087. So we're going to look around 1027.

[Speaker 2]
Right.

[Speaker 1]
Should be around 1027.

[Speaker 2]
And what the heck happened in 1027?

[Speaker 1]
Well, sometimes nothing happened.

[Speaker 2]
Right, but I mean, why?

[Speaker 1]
Oh, yeah, there's an explanation here, okay? Yeah. In 1027, the ruptured dumbo, they spell it out.

They don't put one. They spell it out. That was the beginning of the first 60-year cycle, was in 1027.

It happened to be an earth rabbit year was decided to be the first of all years. And... There's no year before then?

[Speaker 2]
No.

[Speaker 1]
There is a year, but it's not considered rupture. It's not the 60-year cycle system right here. Sorry, where is that?

Well, anyway, the system started here, okay? The system started here. I thought he had a...

And by the way, it started with the introduction of the Kalachakra Tantra, okay? It's very interesting. And by the way, Naropa Miskalp Sheikh passed on in the same year, okay?

And these are the times... Anyway, those are the major events of 1027. It's a beautiful, beautiful, amazing dictionary.

The author, one of the main authors is still alive. He's very old. He's in New York City.

Be worth it just to meet him, you know? So anyway, there you go. Now you can translate this sentence correctly, okay?

You guys okay? What year does it go up to?

[Speaker 2]
Oh, doesn't it just keep repeating?

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, but I'm just saying this particular... It stops in 1949. And 1949 was the 16th 60-year cycle, okay?

Cool. So the Kalachakra is closely related to the planets and the stars and astrology, okay? And new systems, okay?

Cool? Now you understand the calendrical system a little bit. So here we go.

I hope we're well over time, Geshe-la. Okay, but we promised Ben an extra 10 minutes, I think. Give me two more minutes.

He was born in the second cycle of 60 years. Kong means he. And even in colloquial nowadays, he was born in the second cycle in the female earth year of the bull, okay?

Which corresponds to... Which corresponds to... What's chi mean, you guys?

[Speaker 2]
Like the ladder system in this case?

[Speaker 1]
It's chi and it's not chi. Oh, general. Yeah, chi che dak.

So they don't say AD. They don't say the year of our Lord, the Tibetan authors in modern times. They say world year.

You see, general world year, global year, 1109, okay? Which is technically after Jesus, but they don't say that. They say...

They call it general year, okay? That the world generally accepts nowadays, okay? Lo means Lola.

In that year, he was born, okay?

[Speaker 2]
Yes.

[Speaker 1]
So you got lots of stuff for your homework, Ben. You got a whole sentence.

[Speaker 2]
I'll come up with something.

[Speaker 1]
Okay, we're going to stop there.

[Speaker 2]
Okay. Thanks, boss.

[Speaker 1]
I'm very happy that we spent the time on bibliographies. Great. I think it's time for you guys to take some of the responsibility for those.

And it would help me a lot. It would be a tremendous help for me, you know? So...

[Speaker 2]
Great.

[Speaker 1]
I have a time shortage. I can see the other end. I need to use every moment of my time.

So, okay. All right.

[Speaker 2]
Thank you, Michael. Thank you, boss. Sashi, boss.

[Speaker 1]
Sashi. Hey, everybody, stick around for words Q&A coming up right now. And this time, I'm not kidding.

You really do get to ask all your hardest questions. Hey, and I'll give $50 to anyone who can stump word.