Сугэн Ши — Книга 2: Колесо жизни (первый принцип и подразделения зависимости), занятие 30

[Speaker 1]
Wait, 2 through 12? Say again? Not a bad answer.

2 through 12? No. No, different.

Doesn't the sutra say 6 and 7? Yeah, 6, 7, and 8, actually. Okay, yeah.

6 context, 7 feelings, your desire. Why is that? Say again?

Why is that? He said, why is that? Oh, okay, okay.

You sounded like you were under the tank or something. Okay, the sutra said that, in fact, in the contact phase itself, when the eye, consciousness, is touching the object, we are already infected. At that moment, we are already looking at things the wrong way, infected with looking at things the wrong way.

And because link number 6 triggers link number 7, that means link number 7 is also infected with that one. And also link number 7 triggers link number 8, it also suffers the same fate at that. This is quoting from the book, the sutras.

All right, can I continue? Mr. Stanley Bandu? All right, so why do we use the negative expression to explain the misunderstanding in Ling Quan?

Because we're in a bad mood. Because it is a bad mood.

[Speaker 2]
So again, when you say negative expression, what do you mean?

[Speaker 1]
Negative particle? Misunderstanding? Like a vision?

Yes, and then even the definition of it is also in negative expression.

[Speaker 2]
Okay.

[Speaker 1]
I just give you the answer, because we need to indicate that it is used to mean something which is not knowing. Did you like how I tricked you into giving the answer? Yeah, you are smart.

That's why you are in the mixed nuts, right? Welcome. Unnecessarily requisite.

Okay, but I like, I think Ben Kramer, right, he put mixed nuts. That sounds better, sort of. Okay, now, what are the two different meanings of negative or avidya in Sanskrit discussed up to class 3?

What are the two different meanings?

[Speaker 3]
Otherness. Is otherness one of them? Otherness.

[Speaker 1]
Yes, otherness is the second one. What is the first one?

[Speaker 3]
Non-existing.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, non-existing, not existing, non-existent. All right, thank you. Now, let's move on to the Tibetan words.

Ah, this is very long. Okay, the nuts shouldn't answer. I don't know whether the audience remember this.

The wife in the kitchen. Again? The wife in the kitchen.

The wife in the kitchen, okay. Sorry, Geshe-la, looking at things. If you guys don't know, we should find them.

[Speaker 3]
It's thinking incorrectly, right?

[Speaker 1]
Looking at things the wrong way.

[Speaker 3]
Looking at things the wrong way.

[Speaker 1]
The way they aren't. Yeah, looking at things the wrong way. We weren't supposed to answer.

Yeah, I was saying nuts shouldn't answer, right? But anyway, we are nerds, so. You said nuts shouldn't answer.

Oh, I'm sorry. Yes, nuts shouldn't answer. But we are nerds, so you're okay.

This appeared many times, Gepa. But I think this is so important that I just thought of repeating it here again. Okay, nuts shouldn't answer.

Because this appears in words, text, and also in my text. And I think in Stanley's text, too. So anybody, besides the nuts, know, remember, what is this?

I think it was in somebody's homework yesterday. Yes, I know. I know.

But I just thought that this is so important, I just want to.

[Speaker 3]
Oscar Leone says infected or smeared.

[Speaker 1]
Ooh. You are nerds. Oscar Leone said, good.

Do you need his PayPal account? Oh, somebody. I see, Oscar Leone.

Okay, give me your PayPal account. I'll give you $0.50. I don't think you can send $5 on your PayPal. I can send more.

Most of it. Okay. Like little animals, right?

[Speaker 3]
They can be big animals.

[Speaker 1]
I don't know. I heard, what, living being? Is that right?

Animal.

[Speaker 3]
Sure.

[Speaker 1]
Just animal in general.

[Speaker 3]
Okay. For some reason, I thought they were like small insects or something. I don't know.

[Speaker 1]
I don't know. Geshe-la, what should be the answer? Is living being all right, or?

It can, you know, in the diamond cutter, it's a synonym for lily, for septon. That's right. But in general, in modern Tibetan, it means an animal.

[Speaker 3]
Okay.

[Speaker 1]
Animal. Yeah. Animal.

Okay. In general, it means animal. And by the way, sok means life, and chak means it developed.

It developed life. You see what I mean? This chak doesn't mean desire.

Okay. Sure. To develop.

All right. Okay. Thank you.

Now we get to the interesting part. Yes, the three definitions. To be honest, I took a hint from your pre-translation.

But I tried to analyze the Tibetan and tried to make sense of the English. It is referring to a man who... I just want to correct the word.

There's a mistake in the second line. Can you tell me of his English? Who does not resemble?

Yeah, it should say does resemble. Okay. Okay, thank you.

Sorry about that. Who does resemble. Who does resemble.

Yeah. Yeah. I see.

Okay. Yeah. Okay.

He looks like a salesman, but he's not. I see. You see what I mean?

So, this is the third example of being not. And shen means it's something else, but it's jawa. But they might be mistaken for a salesman.

He's not a salesman. Look, I know he talks like a salesman. I know he looks like a salesman, but he's not a salesman.

Okay. So, that's the third possibility of the ma in what? In the marikpa.

Yeah, great. So, marikpa could mean like a feeling rather than a knowledge. Okay.

Not rikpa. But it's not an absence of knowledge. It's something similar that's other.

Like it looks like feeling, but it doesn't mean that here. Okay. Marikpa, not feeling.

You see what I mean? It's the third possibility when you use a negative particle, is that you are indicating something similar, but not the same. Okay.

Okay. And we're discussing different possibilities of how to read the ma in marikpa, or the a in avidya. Yeah, avidya.

And, you know, one is to say, yeah, he looks like a salesman, but he's not. He's not a salesman. Okay.

[Speaker 3]
Sorry. Go ahead.

[Speaker 1]
Go ahead. What is this? What is this actually?

Jawa ngunpa yin. Yeah. Chikla jawa ngunpa yin.

It looks like it could apply to him as a salesman. You see what I mean? It looks like.

When they say he's not a Brahmin and he's not a youth, it means you might think he's a Brahmin and you might think he's a youth, because ngunpa means he looks like that, but he's not. Okay. Actually, he's somebody else.

Yeah. He's a third, like a Pumbaa. Okay.

A third choice, right? Yeah. Sometimes the negative just means the other, but it's not marikpa.

Marikpa is the act of opposite noise.

[Speaker 3]
Right.

[Speaker 1]
As opposed to just the other. Okay.

[Speaker 3]
Yeah.

[Speaker 1]
All right. Good. This one's funny.

Yeah. Oh, good. Yeah.

Oh, you had a clue here. Yeah. Yeah, yeah.

Yeah, good. Perfect. Yeah.

Yeah. Thank you. And I believe the ngunpa here means you see it used that way.

You see the ngunpa at the end. You know, you see the negative particle used in the sense of, like we just had the Super Bowl, okay? And Los Angeles beat Cincinnati.

And the Cincinnati quarterback was like a non-quarterback. Okay. A bad quarterback.

Yeah, yeah, yeah. He wasn't a good team leader, because I lost $100 to Rosa. Okay.

Okay. All right. Sure.

Yeah. So it means he's a non-quarterback. Actually, he is a quarterback.

He's just a bad quarterback.

[Speaker 3]
Okay.

[Speaker 1]
And he's not a bad quarterback, but he was bad on that day. Okay. Sure.

He should pay the money, Rosa. Yeah. Interesting.

[Speaker 3]
Okay. Are you going to take a photo?

[Speaker 1]
No, here. This is the one. Okay.

Yeah. There's no salt in this food. Actually, it means there's not enough.

You know what I mean? So nyungwa means not enough. Nyungwa means too little.

Okay. So when you say there's no salt in this food, it means there is salt, but it's not enough. Or you say she's a girl with no hips, meaning, of course, she has hips, but it's not big enough for India.

In India, you have to have big, big hips, okay, because that means you have more money because you have more food. So in the old days, it was very important for beauty that men and women should be fat. Okay.

Even nowadays, if you look at a Bollywood movie, you know, to be fat means you're not going to start to death. So that was considered beautiful, because in a country without enough food, that's considered beautiful.

[Speaker 3]
Okay.

[Speaker 1]
So he says here, she doesn't have any hips at all. Of course, she has hips, but they're not like a truck. Let's see.

Okay. Geshe-la, I have a question. Choknami Nepal, where did you translate this?

Where is it? No, this was from last class. You asked a question.

I have an open question. I'm going to look at it when I switch to my screen. Oh, okay.

You want to look at it later, or you want me to show you now? And it wouldn't just be like not sticking to your position or something like that? It very much depends on the context.

I see. I see. This is the one.

Can you see? Okay, let me see here. Yeah, that would say, not on the side of what you think.

Not on the side of what you think. So, what was the example here? About something similar, but...

Oh, sorry. Otherness. Otherness.

Yeah, so here it means they're not in the animal group. I see. I see.

And I read these as three positives. Otherwise, it doesn't make much sense. Otherwise, it's very difficult.

And by the way, as I mentioned before, we're not going to get any help. Nobody's going to help us. We have to take Geshe-la's best guess after 50 years of translating.

And I'm sorry, that's the way it's going to be. Okay.

[Speaker 3]
There's nobody to help us.

[Speaker 1]
Okay, thank you. Thank you, Geshe-la. Nobody can criticize this because it's incomprehensible.

All right. Okay, thank you. All right.

Let me see here. Okay. We're on...

Oh, we did number three, right? We did number four. Three, four, five, yeah.

We did number five. Okay, so gang number six. And Dr. Kramer is crazy to check you. Okay, thank you. Thank you. Yeah, this java, we had it earlier today.

Where did we have it today, earlier? Whose class was that? There was a good java this morning.

Yeah.

[Speaker 3]
I don't think it was my text.

[Speaker 1]
I don't remember. Okay, anyway, java means to be separated from or to be without, right? To be without.

It was K.J. I'm trying to remember what. Was it Adam's text? There was a clear java this morning.

Yeah, I'm trying to remember. I think it was, I'm going to talk about it in some seminars. Yeah, I don't remember.

Okay, anyway, somebody will find it. So, when you say a negative particle like not, like maripa, it could mean not to have something. To be without something.

Like, I don't know, gasoline free, like the gas station has no gasoline.

[Speaker 2]
Free from the five situations.

[Speaker 1]
Oh, yeah, free from the five bad kinds of speech. Like drunk, crazy, sleeping, repeating somebody else. Yeah.

So, anyway, java means without. And what are the two examples? Oh, I gave you the examples.

This is no fun. Yeah. Yeah, a place where there's no monks, and a retreat where you have no water, which is what happened to me.

Okay. And that's not the meaning of maripa here. Okay?

Yes.

[Speaker 3]
Okay.

[Speaker 1]
It doesn't mean you're unconscious. It doesn't mean no awareness at all. Okay?

That's not the meaning here. Okay? So, it doesn't mean the person's dead or something.

Maripa, not aware or something like that. He's aware, but number seven might be good. So, nyenpo means, you want to read, Sugeng, and Nick wants to check you.

Yeah, sure. nyenpo i dun la nyi su nam me pa It's to sleep for two hours. What's that?

I'm just telling you. The solution to getting up at five is to sleep for two hours at eight. I'm just telling you.

I don't know if it's in the cards. Okay, go ahead. Go ahead.

Check Sugeng. nyenpo i dun la nyi su nam me pa dang dak pa me pa se jawa ta bua Yeah. So, nyenpo here means in the sense of the opposite.

Right? And, what's the most famous nyenpo that we deal with in our regular teaching schedule? Sugeng?

So, yeah, su nam me pa is a non-virtue, right? What's the most famous nyenpo that we normally deal with every time we teach DCI? Oh, the meditation.

The four powers. The fourth power.

[Speaker 3]
Oh, the four powers. Yeah, the four powers, yeah.

[Speaker 1]
But, good, meditation also has them. Meditation also has the... the five problems and the eight...

[Speaker 3]
Oh, yeah, right, right, right.

[Speaker 1]
Actually, he's correct. Okay, so, in the sense of a... of a direct...

opposite. You see what I mean? In the sense of a...

something that's the functional opposite. Okay? Like, su nam me pa means...

He's a bad... He's a bad person. Su nam me pa, he has no...

good deeds means he's a bad person. And it's meant that way. Okay?

It doesn't mean... he's a nice person who didn't do something good today. It means he's a person who...

cannot and does not do good things. He does bad things. Okay?

And, drapa me pa doesn't mean here... he has no fame. It means he has...

ill will. He's famous for being bad. Notorious, right?

Yeah, yeah, yeah, notorious. So... In my opinion, Vasubandhu has saved the correct meaning of the negative in marigpa for number seven.

Okay? We're not talking about... not being aware.

We're talking about... actively misunderstanding. Okay?

The exact opposite of knowing. Okay? Misunderstanding.

Okay? Please read... Uncle Tim is going to check you.

Thank you, Uncle. du pa chik su chepa ni yu pa dak ni dakpa tang shen pa nyi tang drawa tang me tang nyun tang dral tun tang nyem po dak la ndi yud do se jawa yin no Yeah, I think... Vasubandhu wrote this verse so people could remember the seven kinds of negatives.

It doesn't exist anywhere else that I can find. So I think he's saying... I think he's saying, I'll give you a summary in a verse.

chik su chepa means in a verse. So... And then he repeats the meaning of the seven.

Okay? The existence is denied, or it's something other, or it's something similar but not the same, or we are trying to insult somebody. You don't have a waist, you know.

Oh, sorry. What was the insult one? The regurgitory.

Oh. Yeah, what was the example I forgot? Oh, bad...

not wife, not child. Oh, yeah, yeah, yeah. You are a non-wife.

You are a non-kid. Big insult. nyungwa means not enough, like the salt in the food.

And then, dzel dun, meaning missing completely, which would mean unconscious, with marika. And then the actual meaning, which is the opposite. Instead of understanding, you are actively misunderstanding.

Shey jau yin no. Okay, please read this. I'll check you.

Thank you. de nyin dir dun, kacikpar yinpar rikpar jate Good. We should understand the meaning of misunderstanding here in several ways.

kacikpar. Okay? In several ways.

Please read. Wait. Okay.

Mr. Haggerty. Okay. Thank you.

Was it my yinpe?

[Speaker 3]
I didn't hear you say it.

[Speaker 1]
My yinpe. Yeah. So, reshik means provisionally.

It means, okay, I mean, just to start off, reshik means just to start off, we can say that marikpa, misunderstanding, is not the absence of that thing called understanding. Okay? It's not simply the absence of misunderstanding.

It's corrupted understanding, right? It's the absence of understanding. di tar nopo me tar ni In that case, if it were true that the lack of something were the meaning of misunderstanding here, then you would have the lack of something triggering the second link.

Okay? And that's a problem. The absence of something would be triggering something.

Okay? So, don't forget that link number one's job is to trigger link number two. Okay?

So, if we were merely talking about the possibility of the seven, the absence of something, the absence of understanding, then we would have to say the absence of something is creating bad karma.

[Speaker 3]
Okay?

[Speaker 1]
And the absence of something can't do anything. Okay?

[Speaker 3]
Hmm.

[Speaker 1]
Okay.

[Speaker 3]
That's really helpful. Yeah.

[Speaker 1]
Very helpful. And then we've got another problem. Please read.

Haso. Okay. I'm guilty.

Okay. Are you borrowing advice from Venerable Phil? No.

All right. You brought this from Guadalajara. Okay.

[Speaker 2]
Nur gave it to me.

[Speaker 1]
Oh, okay. Okay. I was thinking your aunt gave it to you.

Okay. Here we go. Okay.

Yeah. Don't forget, it'd be weird to talk about misunderstanding as the absence of understanding, because then something missing would be creating karma. And also, it'd be weird to say, if you stop it, then you stop bad karma.

Because it's already stopped. So, it's kind of weird to use the absence of something, to use that first meaning of negative particle to describe misunderstanding, because then if you stopped it, what? You would have something...

What happens when you stop something negative or missing? You see, it's already missing. Okay?

So, how can you say, I'm going to stop link number two by stopping link number one, if link number one is already something missing? Yes. Wow.

Very detailed analysis. Wow. All right.

Here we go. I'll start again? Yes, but no.

Alex wants to check you. Okay. DO DE GZHAN LAS KUN TU BYOR BA DANG, CING BA LA SOGS PA NYID YIN PAR GSUNGS PA YANG MI RUNG NGO Now, he's still complaining about using the absence of understanding.

And he says, look, other sutras, DO DE GZHAN, in those sutras LAS, which is how Uncle Tim told us to read it today. Thank you, Uncle. They talk about misunderstanding as a KUN TU BYOR BA.

KUN TU BYOR BA means like a bond or handcuffs. Okay? Something which glues you to suffering.

Okay? KUN TU BYOR BA means totally glues you to suffering. Okay?

It brings you to suffering and it locks you there. Okay? KUN TU BYOR BA.

All right? And it's also called, in some sutras, MA RIG PA is called A CHING BA, which means shackles or chains. Okay?

So, look, if the meaning of misunderstanding is just a simple lack of understanding, then how can it function to chain you to something? How can the absence of something chain you to something? Okay?

Oh, they chained me to the wall. They chained me to the bed. Oh, yeah?

What did they use? Oh, nothing. You see what I mean?

If the meaning of MA RIG PA is the absence of knowledge, then it can't do chaining. You can't use it to chain somebody. Then it's invisible chains or something.

So, in other sutras, misunderstanding is described as a bond or a chain. And how could it function that way if it was the absence of something?

[Speaker 3]
Okay?

[Speaker 1]
Okay, got it? Sure, thank you. All right.

Please read. Alex, you're still going. It would also be MI RUNG BA.

What's that mean again? It would also be MI RUNG BA. It would be inappropriate.

It's not appropriate. Yeah, it would also be incorrect to say that it's cause. What triggered the MA RIG PA?

Oh, SU BZHIN MA YIN PAR YID LA BYED PA. That was on his vocabulary.

[Speaker 2]
I'm looking at things the wrong way.

[Speaker 1]
Okay, so listen, Sugeng. Yeah, do you have a problem with misunderstanding? Yes, yes, it's causing all my suffering.

And what caused it? Thinking of things the wrong way. Oh, so the cause created nothing.

Yes. Okay. If you describe misunderstanding as the absence of understanding, and you describe it as an absence, right?

MEG GAG, a negative in the sense of the absence of something, then how can you describe its cause? Okay? How can something which does exist trigger something which doesn't exist?

How can thinking of things the wrong way be its cause if it doesn't exist? Yeah. If it's a non-existent thing, how can something trigger it?

True. Yeah. All right.

Okay. Please read and we'll keep going. Okay.

RE ZIG DU NA CHAGS PA NI, JIG RTEN PAS CHOS KUN NAS NYON MONGS PAS, GAN DU JI LTAR NGYUR TE, DE NI CHAGS PA'I NGIS PO MED PAR TZAM YIN NO This is a tough... I'm going to read this in a very unusual way, and I may be completely wrong, but I think I'm okay. Okay, CHAGS PA can mean two things.

Didn't we mention it today? Yeah, SOG CHAGS. Yeah, good.

Yeah, CHAGS PA can mean attachment, and CHAGS PA can also mean to form or to start. Okay? SOG CHAGS means developed life, right?

So, DUR MA CHAGS PA, I would read it here as something which hasn't formed yet. Okay? How can that be the cause of all the messed up stuff in the world?

What hasn't formed yet? Understanding. Good.

No, misunderstanding. Misunderstanding. If you define marigpa as the absence of understanding altogether, then it's kind of something that hasn't really happened yet.

DUR MA CHAGS PA It hasn't happened yet. So, how could that be the trigger for the whole god dang wheel of life? Okay?

How can something that hasn't formed yet be the trigger for the whole wheel of life? JIG RTEN PA'I CHUG DGOS NAS NYON MO For all the terrible things in this life, how can you say it's the absence of something which triggered this whole life? The whole 11 links.

How can you say something that hasn't come into being yet is spinning the wheel of life? Because so far, it's just something which hasn't happened yet. CHAGS PA'I NGOS PO MED PA TZAM So far, it's just something which hasn't happened yet, according to you.

According to you. According to you, the first link is the absence of understanding, which is a blank, which is just a room with nobody in it. So, first of all, how is that going to trigger the whole wheel of life?

Okay? It's just something that hasn't happened yet. Okay?

It's something that hasn't formed yet. I think you have to read it that way. Yeah, sure.

Okay. Please read. MED PA TZAM DE NI NAM PAR RTOGS PA NAS BDAG PO'I RGYEN DU MI RUNG GO Yeah, MED PA TZAM, just the perception itself could not be the condition which brings about mental concepts.

MED PA TZAM NAM PAR RTOGS PA DE LA'I NYES PAR RTOGS PA NAM KUN NAS NYON MONG BAR GYUR RO Hmm.

[Speaker 2]
Don't you want it to be MAMIGNA or something? It feels like it should be negative.

[Speaker 1]
Uh... Well, I think this is extremely difficult. What did you say?

Like you want it to be MAMIGBA.

[Speaker 2]
You want it to be like MAMIGBA or something, or like it should be negative, and it almost feels like a mistake.

[Speaker 1]
Well, we will never know with this text.

[Speaker 2]
Yeah, okay.

[Speaker 1]
Unless it's obviously wrong, we've got to be careful. MED PA TZAM NI DE NYON NAM PAR BDAG PO'I RGYEN DU MI RUNG GO Just awareness, a lack of awareness, would not be enough to cause all the misunderstandings that we have. MED PA TZAM If it were just...

If the opposite of... Whoa! Sorry, sorry, invaders.

I think we've got to read these two together, okay? Let's go to the pieces, okay? Again, it's hard.

MED PA TZAM means just perceiving, okay? Could not be... Number TOPA means...

TOPA without an S means what?

[Speaker 2]
Idea, concept.

[Speaker 1]
Usually the wrong understanding. Yeah, right. What's DAG PA RGYEN?

Main condition. Yeah, main condition. Shouldn't be.

Should not be, okay? I think what he's saying is if... If the opposite of MA RIG PA is RIG PA, right?

Yes. Which means understanding or perceiving something, then how could that cause all of our troubles, okay? Like that mental constructs.

And what's NAM PAR TOPA in the next sentence? NAM PAR TOPA means concepts, right? Concepts lead to wanting to get something.

NYED PA RGYEN PA NAM. And that causes all of your mental afflictions, okay?

[Speaker 2]
Okay, that sounds okay. Oh. Yeah, yeah.

Oh, oh, oh, but a TOPA, right? Does that have to be an unchanging thing for him? Any chance?

[Speaker 1]
I don't think so.

[Speaker 2]
Okay.

[Speaker 1]
I don't think... Okay. I think what he's saying is that if the first link is just some kind of perception, that wouldn't be enough to trigger all of your negative emotions, okay?

[Speaker 3]
Okay.

[Speaker 1]
It's got to be some kind of misunderstanding that triggers desire. A simple lack of understanding wouldn't be enough to trigger the Wheel of Life, because a simple lack of something wouldn't be enough to trigger the desire for things, which is what triggers your negative emotions, okay? Yeah.

But these two are, you know, we got to cook them, okay? Is he trying to equate MIG PA TZAM to NAM PAR TOPA? Yeah.

Okay. Sounds like... It could be...

[Speaker 2]
If he's saying just the conception can't be the cause, because it would have to be SHEPA, the SHEPA, the state of mind that perceives that concept could be a cause, but the concept itself can't be a cause, theoretically, if the concept isn't also a functioning thing, like SHEPA, the mind that sees that cause, or sees that, sorry, concept.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, it could be. Let's go to the next one and see if it helps us, okay? Let's read that one.

Dr. Campbell, do you want to help him? Thank you. Okay.

Okay. Let's go slow because it's not clear to me either. MA RIG PA YANG MONGS PA SHES People speak of MA RIG PA as MONGS PA, okay?

So, misunderstanding is also referred to as... MONGS PA means dark ignorance or confused ignorance, okay? If MA RIG PA is simply an entity which is the absence of knowing, okay?

If it's not knowing, okay? By the way, is it not knowing again? Is the first link not knowing?

It's misunderstanding. It's misknowing. Yeah.

So, he says, look, people also call the first link ignorance of the mind, dark ignorance in the mind, okay? If it were just a thing that consisted of the absence of knowledge, okay? CI MONGS PA MED Then, if you got...

What would it mean to get rid of the darkness? What would it mean to get rid of the darkness? Would it mean that it was just the absence of darkness?

BUN DE NYEN PO YIN NO If we're trying to fix the misunderstanding, right? It would be wrong to say that both the thing that you're fixing, whether described as darkness or the lack of knowledge, could simply be absences, okay? Could simply be absences.

Because they wouldn't have any starting. How could the first link start if it's equivalent to something that is a simple absence of light? Okay.

A simple absence of light cannot be triggered. The ON TE NYEN PO YIN NA, what does this actually mean? Oh, yeah.

If you achieved an antidote for it, right? Ah, the reverse, okay, okay.

[Speaker 3]
Yeah.

[Speaker 1]
NYI KA YANG NGON PO MED PA LA RIG PA MA YIN TE What does it mean? This NYI KA here refers to which two? I would say NYI KA is both MA RIG PA and NGON PO.

Ah, okay, okay. Not understanding and darkness, okay? Okay.

But it would be wrong to say that both were non-existing things. Ah, okay. Because then they couldn't start.

And then I guess you couldn't have an antidote for them if they didn't exist in the first place. How do you stop a thing which doesn't exist in the first place, okay? So everything up to here, in my opinion, is covering the first possible meaning of myth.

Wow, that's good. Which means the simple absence of understanding. And that's not what the first link is.

It's not the lack of knowledge. It's corrupted knowledge. Okay, got it?

Okay, what was the second possibility we had? The otherness. And what was the example?

Oh, he looks like a Brahmin, or he looks like a... A child. A child, but they're not, okay?

There's something different than that, okay? They are a non-child or a non-Brahmin. They are someone who might be mistaken for a Brahmin, but they're not, okay?

So here's his... and I added the numbers, okay? Thank you, that's helpful.

And John Campbell is going to keep checking me. RIG PA LAS GZHAN PA GANG YIN PA DE YANG MA RIG PA YIN TE MIG LA SOGS PA LA'ANG THAL BA'ANG RGYUR BA'I PHYIR RO Good. Good.

If you define misunderstanding as something simply different from understanding, then your eyeball is also understanding, okay? Because it's something different from misunderstanding. So is pizza, okay?

That's what RGYUR means, it would have to be, okay? So this one's not so hard, right? But if the miss in misunderstanding means something other than understanding, that might be mistaken for understanding, well then let's talk about how your eye looks at things.

That would also have to be understanding, okay? That was pretty easy. So just describing the first link of the Wheel of Life as something other than understanding is not going to be a good way to go.

Like the Super Bowl, Hasso, is also other than understanding. Okay. I forget, Hasso, were you on my side?

You were on the other side, right?

[Speaker 2]
No, I wanted the Tigers to win.

[Speaker 1]
Oh, you were on my side, okay. They almost did, I mean it was, but, okay. All right, Christina Kasica, you're checking, okay.

Okay. I have to say, TSE KYANG. TSE KYANG.

TSE KYANG. Just because his pronunciation is so darn good all the time.

[Speaker 3]
And fast.

[Speaker 1]
I had to mention it. Okay, the third possibility was something which is similar but other. It looks like, but it's something different.

So if misunderstanding, if the first link means something that looks like understanding, but it's actually something else, okay. Let's say that the meaning of misunderstanding is something that looks like understanding, but it's really something else, okay. But that wouldn't be marikpa either.

That's not what the first link is, because that could also include things that don't exist. Okay. And it could also include things that are karmically neutral.

Okay. Which are not kleshas, they are not negative emotions, such as SHES RAB. This means that SHES RAB can also mean intellect, okay.

So kinds of intellect, which are not kleshas, and which are not troublemakers, would also have to be marikpa. Because they are similar to rikpa, but something different than rikpa. There are kinds of intelligence that look like knowledge, but are not knowledge, but you cannot call them the first link.

They don't function. There's lots of things that look like understanding, but are different from understanding, that wouldn't work as the first link. Okay.

And there's all these kinds of good states of mind, which are neutral karmically, and are not mixed up with negative emotions. Those poor neutral states of mind, of just common intelligence at your work, for example, they would have to be link number one. If you accept the third version of negative particle, which means something that looks like understanding, but is actually something different.

So being clever at your job, it looks like something, and it's something different than spiritual knowledge, right? But if you define the first link as something similar to spiritual knowledge, but something else, then other kinds of intelligence would have to be marikpa.

[Speaker 3]
Keep going.

[Speaker 1]
Okay. We have three minutes left. That's tough for all of us.

Okay. What's meh mean in Seremeh, for example? Lower.

Yeah, lower. Good. So what was number four?

What was his fourth choice? The derogatory, putting... Oh, yeah, like a non-wife or a non-son.

Okay. If you want to... If you're insulting a state of understanding which you are insulting, okay?

A less-than-total understanding, like a less-than-total wife or a less-than-total son, because they've been misbehaving, okay? If that's how you want to read marikpa, if that's how you want to read misunderstanding, you can't do that because it doesn't exist. Okay.

What doesn't exist?

[Speaker 2]
Passive understanding.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, a lesser form of understanding the world, okay? Half-ass understanding. Yeah, a half-ass understanding of the way the universe works.

Either you are a knowledge of the way the universe works, or you're not an understanding of the way the universe works. You can't have a 50% understanding of the way the universe works. A lower use of emptiness.

Right. Right, yeah. I guess you'd say they don't qualify as understanding as the opposite of misunderstanding.

Because understanding as the opposite of misunderstanding is understanding emptiness, right? Understanding the husband and the kid, right?

[Speaker 3]
Okay.

[Speaker 1]
That's time...

[Speaker 3]
Luckily...

[Speaker 1]
Okay, it's tough. It's tough again. I'll tell you something, on a book like this, it's very good to take a line that we didn't do very well, which a couple of them we didn't do very well, and sit and meditate on it.

Just meditate on it. I'll tell you, for understanding this book, it's going to be better to go out and take a long walk and do your yoga, and then come back and look at it quickly, than thinking about it too much. In other words, you have to be in some kind of spiritual state of mind, and it will come to you.

And it won't come to you from staring at it for two hours. Got it. It's this kind of book.

This kind of book is going to have to have spiritual insights, and the language is not going to help you.

[Speaker 3]
Yeah.

[Speaker 1]
Thank you, Geshe-la. Cool. Yeah, and pump up your anticipatory translation techniques.

Okay? If you are a Vatanadu, what would you like to say next? Okay.

So, for the next class, should I just continue the next three? That's too short. One, two, three.

I'd like you to do the rest of four. Everything up to five.

[Speaker 3]
Okay.

[Speaker 1]
After five. Yeah. Everything before five, right?

Yeah, above five. Yeah. Okay.

Yeah, above five. Okay, sure. Thank you.

Again, it's the 16th, not the 15th. Just so you know. Oh, I'm sorry.

Okay, good.

[Speaker 3]
Oh, yeah.

[Speaker 1]
Thank you. That's such a wild Valentine's Day. I forgot.

All right. We'll see you guys in how many minutes? Five minutes.

Yay, that's enough to eat dinner. Yeah, exactly.

[Speaker 3]
Thank you, Geshe-la.

[Speaker 1]
Thank you, Geshe-Michael. You're welcome. Thank you.