Сугэн Ши — Книга 2: Колесо жизни (первый принцип и подразделения зависимости), занятие 21

[Speaker 1]
for military military oh okay i mean my hair was so long i mean i just felt i'm not comfortable i went to cut and it feels so cool i mean the air is cool not the hair is cool i think your brain overheated when you tried to translate this stuff yeah i know no grandpa's going for a short trip i'll be right back you go ahead and start your homework okay okay see you soon okay no sorry i got the wrong one luckily i didn't show the wrong one it's correct it's correct just that on the different page okay let me show the screen again okay um this homework is uh i prepared this homework so that we can learn together because i need to learn them so let's start please explain why condition or trigger is karma hint we can use the sanskrit anybody remember

[Speaker 2]
yes and then karana right

[Speaker 1]
n condition condition and then which but what's your question oh my condition is karma

[Speaker 2]
isn't that it is karna is oh okay yeah yeah yeah yes karana is karma

[Speaker 1]
the same uh root yes same root yeah that's right i think i should just simplify my answer this is long i'm sorry no very good

[Speaker 2]
i feel like i'm in math class

[Speaker 1]
all right stanley sorry this is for everybody but especially i like to disturb stanley what are the four kinds of factors or conditions according to abhidharma

[Speaker 2]
okay i can give the first one the first one is called cause condition okay and then

[Speaker 1]
then i forgot the last three i don't know the name mick bacon yeah uh yeah okay never mind let's learn together i copied everything

[Speaker 3]
why did you say never mind i mean i just want a different order i want all of you to

[Speaker 1]
to help me check if all these are correct or valid or do i do i understand them correctly probably not you can i heard geshe-la say what cause condition i just thought that i should write it as causal or should that be cause condition the chinese says cause condition cause okay yeah causal is fine in english also i think causal is okay causal is okay okay yeah because it doesn't make sense the same way that the tibetan doesn't make sense sorry okay and then mick bacon can i just say object condition i like it yeah okay and then dema can is immediate condition can i can i like it yep i like it then the last one can i say part condition what i like to call it a personal almost personal oh okay oh okay oh personal condition all right oh thank you okay the last one what are the two examples of other meanings of course you in this case

[Speaker 3]
um mr jq the what the jq i don't something that doesn't prevent something else from happening

[Speaker 1]
is that what you mean uh no no it's uh simpler simpler than that simpler than that my mind can't comprehend this such this is uh this is a good question this is a really good question again because you can mean much different things it can mean it can mean like the stuff that goes into something that creates something like the substance it's made of is that what you're referring to um oh now that's a different question sorry oh effective cause or foundation isn't it that's over in indonesia

[Speaker 2]
uh no no no okay the how about the three principal paths guess i will say correct few cause the first two yeah

[Speaker 1]
uh uni can me is that yeah uni can yeah good okay good yeah and then what is the other one

[Speaker 2]
how about brahma oh okay okay

[Speaker 1]
so yeah the first one is the third principle okay yeah the word cause is using the different meaning and brahma who said that he's the primordial cause of all things and he's the one who creates all other causes in the world nice nice good yeah good okay stanley sexy words wait stanley's not stanley is not sexy the words are i mean yeah his term yeah okay what is literal explanation yeah good both are both are correct yeah repeat again what do you say uh you could say the source sounds great also that's okay yeah then okay uh you could say etymology if you etymology yeah etym etymology there you go yeah it means uh where did the word come from yeah i see and what is the next one next one touching uh you could say a way of saying you could say a way of saying yeah a way of saying expressions okay yeah a way of saying yeah and for the rest if somebody gets this really correct you should give them twenty dollars well i don't mind but any one which is suitable to say or something or anyone which is whatever is appropriate no whichever uh it's technically either or or both either or either or or both or or both yeah yeah i mean if you really want to get technical it's like conchic conchic yeah i'm sick oh okay similar all right thank you next this one um well i i didn't peep i did i tried my best to understand the sentence okay good good good it's a bit confusing uh well to be frank even if i were to peep i wouldn't be able to understand too uh nadesamte nadesamte is an idiom that means we start off with the question that okay we start off with the question you see you said from this point onwards but what but it it should be uh you know uh starting from the question uh starting from the question okay yeah yeah okay oh okay this one okay if we start from the question of just what are the divisions of dependent origination right or dependence yeah okay uh that's what okay just what are the divisions okay uh then we should uh then we should indicate that it is the uh divisions into marikba etc yeah good okay that's okay all right all right uh yeah i'll give uh two hundred dollars if someone can figure out the difference between these two those two sentences this one and the next one i'll raise it to three hundred dollars there's a difference between the first sentence and the second one um the first one is the uh the opponent some someone else and then the second one

[Speaker 3]
no it's coming forward as or or that thing or uh dependence coming forth there's a there's

[Speaker 1]
a subtle difference and everything depends on that there's a part between

[Speaker 3]
no it's and it's okay three hundred dollars for this irritating mr so there's two differences

[Speaker 1]
okay shopping three hundred dollars for dr smith okay i hate you word did i tell you before i don't remember uh yeah by the way if i say that in front of veronica she hits me on the head okay uh i pay her uh what's it means we don't say we don't say that uh misunderstanding in the rest independence caused the arising of the no we don't say they occur we don't say they occur independence present tense we don't say they occur independence rather next sentence we say they heard they have occurred oh okay and this is crucial for this section this is crucial for this section yeah it just seems to be very important to vasubandhu dependent origination the 12 links is not the fact that things occur independence it's the fact that they have occurred independence for some reason he's it's very important to him independent in in dependence yeah the second sentence you have to say yeah okay yeah good good yeah yeah and somehow that's very important to vasubandhu and you have to cook it this again you have to cook it michelle do you think it has something to do with the fact that causes and to cause until the result comes i think you could be you could very well be right nick i think that's a very very uh insightful uh proposal yeah it could very well say it again nick say say it more slow maybe it has something to do with the fact that a cause is not a cause until the result has come oh at which time the cause isn't even there anymore i mean that's going too far the cause gets his name cause only after the result comes out unfortunately he's not around to get the name anymore okay but but that is higher middle way yeah nick that's how i'm in a way that's the end of the three principle path book nagarjuna had already taught that before those guys lived right that's true that's true yeah oh by the way so gang i have made a a deal with your representative uh mr chen to cover the four factors from his text during your time i don't mind i don't mind but since when he's my representative yeah that's the question okay but um so i propose i'll do it next class okay i didn't have time to get it ready okay okay sure but i'll do it next time your next class okay okay sure okay please read oh yeah let me check uh

[Speaker 2]
oh no i think this is incomplete no it's okay

[Speaker 1]
oh okay you have to split this uh first just translate the first part up to the comma as a separate sentence okay so so in this regard the conqueror by the way it always capitalized personally i capitalize anything that means a buddha okay yeah in this regards the conqueror uh made the following statement in has made the following statement in other sutras other than what he said why did he say other other than what on this uh this uh dependent origination good yeah other than this okay i'm dependent yeah and what did he say in other sutras he said who can help him buddha said when somebody says dependence or if you ask what is dependence yeah if you ask me what is interdependence or how we're gonna okay and then in the next sentence is his answer oh okay oh do you have to capitalize the the when you capitalize a boot like the buddha or the congress i will probably stick your head okay go on because i think it gets cloying you know um yeah but i i i know what you're talking about yeah uh uh then he says good that is to say good uh now extremely important point here uh again he didn't say d june he said d oh no the yuppie yuppie oh if this what if this yeah yeah if this exists uh that's going to be crucial in this book okay the difference between existing and happening is crucial the second half the other happens is correct that's that's correct yeah if this is or i would say if this is present then that happens okay if this is present then that happens yeah and by the way uh it's gonna come up what's the difference between saying if this happens and if this is present isn't anything which is present something which happens present implies that it has already been around for a while yeah good and also it it doesn't necessarily imply causation emptiness is present for example but it never started it never happened okay okay uh yeah uh and you know you in your book you're gonna have to be extremely careful between those two okay because it comes up a lot okay attention there were doing two countries now use the knowledge you gained from mr 300 dollars in the second line

[Speaker 2]
in this case on a case of on a case of dependence

[Speaker 1]
uh that have occurred uh yeah that occurred good good good yeah uh if dependence have occurred master vasubandhu is saying look i'm not the one who insisted on the past tense here okay i'm not the one it was the buddha okay and he said if you want to know the definition of dependent origination it's that things occur when other things are there but but but if you want to know what the links are then we have to talk about what occurred de independence it's i didn't start this present tense passing when the buddha started when the buddha described dependent origination he used the present tense things come from other things then when you when he described the links he said the things that have occurred from the last link okay each link that occurred from the last link so so vasubandhu saying look i'm not the one who made this big division between occurring and occurred uh uh the the buddha when he talked about the whole wheel of 12 links he said occurs and then when people asked him what are the links kongshena what what is it oh those are these things that occurred you see what i mean so don't blame don't blame me and and probably he's saying don't ask me why we have to use the past tense as the buddha no i'm not really i'll listen back to the recording and rephrase the yeah good yeah you can do it you can do it when he's referring to the 12 links he says they occurred independence when he's referring to the whole 12 system this whole system he says occurs okay and ambassador boundary wants us to do that okay thank you can you guess why can you make a guess why i'll say it again when you talk about the whole 12 links system you when somebody asks you what's dependent origination you say things occur independence okay and then when someone asks you what are the 12 links oh you say each one has occurred independence what why what's the why are they making this distinction uh on when buddha was explaining about the principle it is the general principle so it is presented in present tense whereas when he's talking about the links basically he's talking about the links that have already present and that are already present and and i mean for for us to see link number two it has for us to be able to see the next link that means um the first link should have already occurred yeah good good good that's a perfect answer that's a perfect answer yeah when you talk about the links individually you use the past tense to indicate the connection between the links okay and when you're talking about the whole system you can talk in the in the present tense because you're not emphasizing how one link triggers the next link yeah so you just understood his whole point in this section you just expressed his whole point in this section by the way i don't think he's finished with it yet let's see okay so you got these two sentences uh yeah oh you got okay good okay uh please read and venerable udpala is begging to check you uh this one okay what does that mean uh what's gongba mean like gongba rabsa like dode gonga what i really meant yeah yeah okay so what's the question somebody's asking questions again what are they asking

[Speaker 2]
so um based on that sentence what what what does it really mean is that what's the point you know

[Speaker 1]
why what's the big deal about present tense and past tense somebody's asking i don't get it what's the big deal you know okay and here's the here's master bandu's answer okay uh please read oh wait a minute you guys wait a minute okay do you see him sir a deer oh yeah yeah yeah oh yeah wow into your class again wow i'm so honored he's literally watching us wow we we had some in our yard in arizona and and then they hopped away and i'm only said where'd my hopper go oh he's checking it out he really is checking it out okay they always come when we're having a good uh when we're having a good class they come to listen just like the deer park okay wow yay okay whoops would it be a venerable udpala i'm sorry will it be the one checking me or i don't know he's not done with you that sentence was too short okay sorry i want to hear pronunciation difference here yeah yeah and by the way now you're so happy that grandpa forced you to learn prenasal uh because it's it's crucial here it's crucial here and if you don't if you don't say the prenasal in your head when you're reading tibetan you will never understand the scriptures as well okay so when you read it in your room by yourself uh then you gotta set in your head you're saying then um completely different words okay so uh when i talk about oh here come the babies by the way oh they got they kind of went too fast okay uh when things that when i say things occur in dependence and connection okay i mean i'm talking about a general general meaning uh the general definition another definition okay or the general i'm talking about the defining characteristic of something which has happened okay i'm talking about the defining characteristic of a thing which has happened what is the defining characteristic of a thing which has happened it came from a state of not it came out of a state of not having happened into a state of having happened okay it it moved from not having happened into having happened and that's what i want you to guys to understand is what it means to happen independence okay what i what i mean when i say happen independence is that things move from not happened to happened cool okay all right it's very subtle you gotta think and that itself is the is the crucial quality of dependent origination origination or however you want to say occurrence right so the buddha or vasubandhu is defining what dependent occurrence means and he says you want to know what occurrence is it's when a thing moves from what to what again not having occurred yet good having occurred having yeah yay yay yay should this be just a simple past tense or past participle uh boy first you have to tell me what those mean uh just kidding uh i would say it should it has occurred uh having not occurred or something like that okay okay uh okay uh and uh it's i mean it's it's so profound that it's hard to translate the point is uh in sanskrit pratitya samutpada right pratitya samutpada uh arising samutpada independence pratitya okay and then he says the buddha's thing vasubandhu saying before we go to the 12 links let's just say what happens means or occurred let's talk about what occurred means before we talk about dependence let's talk about the samutpada let's talk about happened the word happened or occurring right let's talk about what that means got it all right it's a very difficult commentary uh so gang i heard this rumor that uh edgar allen poe one of the only uh american poets uh that uh before he wrote a new poem he would drink a bottle of wine and uh that i think you gotta be in another in another you gotta be in another state of mind to read vasubandhu i don't know like go ride your bicycle for two hours and then come and and look at it okay i'm not saying you should drink a bottle of wine okay yeah i know but this is so fun wow this is good this is great i'm saying your mind has to be in another place to to really understand it yeah okay please read and tim wants to check you thank you tim

[Speaker 2]
jittar tenpanyu

[Speaker 1]
okay uh yeah this is hard uh then nambayewa the divisions of things that happen independent right uh shendu jittar tenpanyu uh how how what other way could you teach it okay when you when you talk about the divisions the 12 links how could you not do it this way okay by the way all the english you see from my old my old ideas that was all in a coffee shop in uh in guangzhou in about two hours so i mean don't take it too seriously uh if you how could you describe the divisions without using the past tense okay it means that how could you do how could you describe the 12 steps of dependent origination without using the past tense okay why uh because you have to indicate how things age and then they age into something else okay you have to describe how things age past tense chungwa right and then you have to describe how they age more into the next link okay so he's using gawa okay did gawa occur in the 12 links yeah um yeah the the 12th uh 12 12a right 12a you have to say okay why do you say 12a because they're the other part is the yeah 12b yeah uh the the 12th link in the wheel of life is famous because it has two parts should have been 13 links okay uh but it's gachi gachi why why is again what's the traditional answer uh because uh beings can die without going through the aging yeah we didn't make aging link number 12 and then death is link number 13 because some people die in the womb they don't get to age okay uh then link 11 would link 12 would be incomplete so okay now why i brought that up again uh this gawa here has nothing to do with that okay okay that's all i just want you to be aware okay but this is referring to aging right yeah yeah and really what it's referring to is the difference between and okay chung has already gawa yes already by the time you get to chung you already gawa okay by the time the trigger was pulled it is gone okay it's it's very interesting okay they're talking about the instantaneous aging of the links of the triggers between two triggers okay it's very interesting okay once the seed has triggered the tree then the seed is gawa oh god yeah it gets old and retires oh could that be uh master was playing a pun here because this is talking about the 12 links yeah yeah yeah i mean yeah he wants you to start thinking about gala yeah yeah definitely that's why he used gala and he didn't use some other word but what he wants to indicate the difference between occurring and occurred the is that the thing has gone okay it's gone from it's got old already okay it's already aging okay it's like a frustrating thing buy a new car and you park it in the in the garage and you look at it and it's already older you know it's already have it's already started to being an old car you know it's funny what about the unchanging things that occur in there's no unchanging things in the 12 not possible so we're talking about the links themselves aging yeah exactly exactly uh when he's talking about the whole wheel maybe he can talk about it being unchanging but when he's talking about link to link he wants you to have a feeling of fleeting moments fleeting moments aging by the second okay cool okay it's an awesome book again you know it's the most awesome thing about this book you are the first person in history to explain it well there's no other commentary no one's ever explained it okay i think it's kind of sexy it's like stanley's tibetan words okay yeah okay chichi or shana means why what are you talking about okay chichi means what i don't understand this aging thing you know what are you talking about okay oh he's going to explain further

[Speaker 2]
yay

[Speaker 1]
please reen uh allison wants to check you she told me she told me she likes picking on singapore people great and they're touching dowager kanyama denny uh when we're now the structure of the sutra is that is it's in two parts this sutra has two parts uh first the buddha gives the general principle of dependence okay and then he gives the details the 12 links okay so this sutra is clearly which is only one page right uh so but you know you're going to have a you are going to have an 800 page commentary on a one-page sutra okay uh that doesn't there are kanyama denny okay uh so don't so never forget the name of this sutra right uh the real name of this sutra let's put a place marker here and let's go back to the real name of the sutra uh uh here's the name of the sutra never forget okay it's again it's not called it's not called the sutra on dependent origination it's not called that it's called uh the divisions which are presented after the general principle of dependence that's the whole name of the sutra it's a weird name the name of the sutra is i will give you the i will give you the guiding principle of dependence and then i'll give you the divisions that's the name of the sutra okay that's the name of the sutra casually you never we've never seen dangpo used that way can you explain that a little bit yeah it's very weird uh here it is adi okay adi it's just adi okay it means yeah uh it means first right like uh adi nata is the hindu first god creator right the first first uh protector or something okay so adi adi by the way adi can mean etc at the end of a word but when it's at the beginning it means the the first okay the first okay and by the way nig when you say la sopa in tibetan what does it mean in sanskrit no just in tibetan when you say if i say soup la sopa what's it mean uh sukins and the rest yeah and what and what is souk or the form and the rest yeah so form and the rest is a way to refer to the five heaps okay uh but the word and the rest in sanskrit is beginning with okay last it's very interesting in in english we say form and the rest of the five heaps okay in sanskrit and tibetan you say the group starting with form and it's adi it's adi okay so he's asking if that would be an aspirated h i mean oh no no if this is correct it doesn't have a dh it's just it's just di that's a good question but uh no it's not okay you're you're thinking that because it looks like the abhi and abhi dharma so adi adr means uh first okay in this sutra it means lord buddha's general presentation of dependence before he starts on the twelve links he gives you the guiding principle of dependence and then he starts on the divisions of the twelve links okay the name in sanskrit pratityasamutpada okay which means dependent origination then it says asya which means of of dependent origination adi i'll give you the first principle the guiding principle and then i'll give you the vibhangas which is the divisions okay nirdesha means i will teach you okay i will show you those okay cool never forget sugen uh the structure of your sutra okay wow all right oh that's cool so yeah so look this sentence up at the top here it says uh in response to someone asking what is dependent origination buddha taught dungo adi what's it mean he taught the first principle without getting into the divisions okay what's the first principle you're not being june dk not dk that should be a mantra for sugang for the next five years yeah if this happens that happens dk not dk if this occurs that occurs if this starts that is there a difference between the two um no according to master vandu no there is a difference the first one could include unchanging things oh okay okay if this is there this is gonna be there okay if this is there this will happen okay i don't know if the emptiness of the husband is in the kitchen there's a chance the wife will become an arhat okay so the more i the more i hear about all this actually this is pretty deep and we can explain it using the higher middle way style oh yeah yeah yeah and i encourage you to do that uh yeah i yeah i don't i mean i'm in my mind some like uh after nagarjuna like got went through operations and it is it is sort of disturbing my mind all this time when i'm reading all this but kind of fun kind of fun that's the problem of having your class in the morning after nick's class because he's nagarjuna yeah and i encourage you i mean you could write you know your lifetime you're going to explain the wheel countless times and really uh you're going to take the first turning of the wheel and show that it was the second turning of the wheel who else did that um yeah in the 60 verses of nick in nick's 60 verses he says look the lower way is the higher way okay all right good okay so uh when uh people asked him what is dependence he said he answered with the first principle of dependence dumble adi okay then when they said uh and and so gang because both of the jungles here are present tense you know well i i shouldn't go there uh what are the things which occur in dependence i'll i'll show you okay i'll talk i'll show you here they are okay what is this great question great question uh when we say they occur independence in english they occur independence right or three it's just like a camera it's the end it's the end yeah go backwards they occur in uh reliance and and connection yeah okay okay so they means uh uh this is a special particle that means uh for progression in time oh okay there's dependence there's connection and then they occur okay uh in english we'd say through they occur through dependence and connection okay uh thank you okay so anything which occurs through dependence is what we're talking about when we say dependence okay let's keep going oh no oh no and the end of the line says chichi and muslim shinna okay if you ask me why didn't the buddha say okay if you ask me why didn't the buddha say okay i'm gonna teach you uh dependent origination and i'm gonna teach you the divisions of dependent origination okay uh why didn't he say it that way by the way how's this different from the way he did say it um we are um because this is talking about just the dependence and the division rather than the first principle in a beautiful answer yay beautiful answer uh the when the buddha announces at the beginning of this sutra that he's gonna teach dependent origination he doesn't say i'm gonna teach you dependent origination and then i'm gonna teach you the divisions of dependent origination he doesn't say that okay then somebody comes up and says why didn't he say it that way which means why did he insist on adi you know why did he why did he insist on saying first principle okay what's the deal okay why didn't he just say i'm going to teach you dependence in general and then i'm going to go on to the divisions well why the big emphasis on first okay and here's the answer i hope um DE YI NDO DANG, SGI PAR BSTAN PAR BYA BA'I CHIR RGYAL LONG DRAG KHYEL LA TEN CING DREL PAR BYUNG BA'I DANG PO DANG DBANG PAR YED PA TEN GYI SHES SUNG PAS RGYAL BA ME DTO Yeah, what's Chökyin Namdang? It comes in the Heart Sutra. It's the meditation that Avalokiteshvara goes into, that Buddha goes into.

Yeah, unfortunately. By the way, I think nowadays, it took me a while to understand this Chukyamuni Namdang. It means this presentation of the Dharma, or this version of the Dharma, okay?

So, this particular presentation of the Dharma. Normally, Namdang means what, Wordsmith? Details.

Oh, I'm sorry. Synonym. Synonym.

It usually means synonym, but here it just means a particular presentation of the Dharma, okay? This particular presentation of the Dharma is gongpa about dependence, origination. What's gongpa, Sugeng?

We had it a long time ago, like five minutes ago. I forgot. Sandin Nirmochana Sutra.

Oh, what it really meant? Yeah, nice, nice, nice, okay? So, the point of this particular presentation of the Dharma, what the Buddha really wants to talk about, is dependent origination, okay?

And, somebody tell me what... This is very cool, Sugeng. You ready?

Yeah. It says here, the Buddha is going to present it, do, and gyepa. Sutra and gyepa?

Or, and extensively. Briefly. Yeah, so the word do, the word sutra, also means short presentation.

Oh, okay. The word sutra, in fact, the Tibetan... What's dor du in Tibetan?

Do means short, okay? The Tibetans, when they wanted to translate the word sutra, chose the word short. Okay.

So, this is, I would say, short.

[Speaker 2]
We're at that time again.

[Speaker 1]
Okay, and usually we put dor, okay? But, this is cool. The Buddha wanted to make a summary presentation, do, and then he wanted to give his students the detail, gyepa.

That's why he says at the beginning of the sutra, Oh monks, I'm going to teach you the first principle of dependent origination, and then I'm going to teach you the divisions. Okay? So, because he wants to give a general idea of dependence, and then he wants to give the details of dependence.

Okay? So, gyelwa med don. Gyelwa med don means...

You know, it's not much different from what you said. Okay? It's not that different from what you said.

Don't forget the guy's question was, Why doesn't the Buddha just say, I'm going to teach you dependence and the divisions? And then we say, he wanted to emphasize that he's going to give a short presentation, followed by a detailed presentation. But you know, it's not so much different from what you said.

It's different, right? Because here there's a dangpo. Yeah, just the dangpo.

But he says, gyelwa med don. Gyelwa med don means, you know the way you wanted him to say it, and the way he said it with dangpo. You know how I think about it, it's not much different.

It doesn't contradict each other. They don't contradict each other. Gyelwa med don.

Is he trying to be sarcastic here? No, that's us talking. That's us talking.

He's being sarcastic to the other guy. No, he's trying not to make the other guy feel bad.

[Speaker 2]
Oh, okay.

[Speaker 1]
He's saying, yeah, you're pretty correct. That's pretty good. We can say he taught the summary of dependence and then he taught the details.

But you know, adding this word first principle, it's pretty cool, right? Okay, so gyelwa med don means, look, you know, I'm not saying you're wrong, but isn't this a little more beautiful? Okay?

Okay, so for the next class, should I... Yeah, I'm gonna make that decision right now because I want to give you some... Let me see.

Oh, yeah.

[Speaker 3]
But didn't he already give you homework? Do you want more?

[Speaker 1]
He's got some homework, but I want him to do this one, okay? I want him to do this one without looking at my attempt at translation. And I'll give you a clue, okay?

It's about chuwa and jungwa. Chuwa and jungwa. So now you know Vasubandhu is really interested in the difference.

For ten dollars, somebody tell me dak in Sanskrit. Dualizer? Nope.

Oh, did you say dualizer?

[Speaker 3]
Yeah, dualizer.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, how much money did I offer? Ten dollars. Ten.

Okay, you got ten. Yeah, it means a pair. It means a pair, okay?

What's the pair here, Sugeng? The chung and jung.

[Speaker 3]
Nice.

[Speaker 1]
Yay, okay.

[Speaker 3]
But you asked for it in Sanskrit.

[Speaker 1]
No, I just mean, don't forget this is a translation of the Sanskrit. And this dak is probably au in Sanskrit, the ending au, which is the dual. It always refers to two things.

Okay, cool. Thank you. Thank you, Geshe-la.

All right, you dudes. Sexy book, sexy book. Very, very sexy.

Thank you very much, Geshe-la. Thank you, Geshe-la. And, Sugeng, your next class, I'm going to select, I have a couple options, but I'm going to select a great presentation of the four khyens, okay?

So we can nail them down, okay? I'm looking forward. Thank you very much.

All right. Thank you very much, Geshe-la. What's up next, Nick?

We're going to take a long break, and then we've got some classes tonight, and then we'll have a two-day break. How about we just go straight to the two-day break? That would not be fair.

That would not be fair. Who's tonight, Nick? Who's coming up tonight?

I don't know. I'll pull up the schedule. Hang on.

While I'm doing that, I want to mention that I just posted a link, and then somebody posted it also to some video yoga classes. We want everybody to support the Yoga Studies Institute, so check out their classes. This is your chance.

We'll start doing yoga again live on Zoom for those of you who can make it in these Mixed Nuts programs. But for now, you can check out these videos, and on your days off, so you can do yoga as well. They're giving the classes to us for free, so you guys can check them out.

YSI is really cool, and they have a lot of great teachers, so please do take advantage of the opportunity to take some classes with them. Tonight, we have Mr. Higher Knowledge himself, Stanley, and then Mrs. Vowed Morality, Alison, and then Adam, Adam's text. So that's going to be Abhidharma and then Logic.

Stanley, you had a question. What's your question, Stanley? I'm just happy that we're doing all those things.

Okay, okay. And then I just wanted to thank you to our translators who are doing such a marvelous job. We are in awe of you translating fast.

I did it once for a half-an-hour class or something. It was really hard. You guys are amazing.

And thank you, Tim, for keeping all of this organized and, you know, together and making this online thing seamless and making the videos available to everybody so quickly. We couldn't make our quizzes or anything if we didn't have you putting this into an easy spreadsheet and archiving them and making this all available. Thank you so much.

And for running the hotel, which pays our salaries.

[Speaker 2]
Yay!

[Speaker 1]
Hey, Stanley, what was your question? You still have one question. I need to check your email.

I need something else. Okay, okay, I got it. Ashola.

Yeah. About the four khans, we've done it a few times. You might want to check the footnotes.

Okay. Okay, I'm up for it. What I might do is try to find it in Stanley's text so we can kill two birds with one stone, which means to feed two deer with one apple.

There you go. Okay, cool. All right.

Okay, see you guys later. Bye. Bye, everybody.

Bye.