Сугэн Ши — Книга 2: Колесо жизни (первый принцип и подразделения зависимости), занятие 18

[Speaker 1]
Sorry. You got anything besides Amelie's recitation? She's showing off right now.

[Speaker 3]
That's all you need.

[Speaker 1]
No, no announcements. I thought she put you in a crib. I saw the bars.

She said she threatens to do that. She said when I'm older, she's going to change my diapers. Yeah, just I hope everybody enjoyed Word's class.

Thank you so much, Word, for teaching that today. And we'll start Q&A tonight. And Seiji's going to lead a Q&A.

So please stick around after classes for Seiji. Ask all the tough questions about Word's book, especially. Get those out of the way.

Wait, tonight Seiji's doing that? Yep. After three hours?

Yep. Wow. OK, good.

He's a little nervous. Look at him.

[Speaker 3]
I'll tell them to save that for you, Nick.

[Speaker 1]
We're going to alternate the Q&A sessions. Some are going to be at night, our time, and some are going to be in the morning, our time. OK.

There's Q&A sessions for everybody. All right. Cool.

All right, boss, you take the plane, please. Let me try to find some gangsta tags. Yeah, here we go.

How's it going, boss? Hi, handsome. You ready?

Yes, I am. Let me share the screen with you. All right.

They say everybody's a mirror of yourself, so I think everybody's handsome. Thank you. All right.

Here's where we are with Mr. Sugeng. We've been going through a main text and a biography. Sashi, by the way.

And we did two folios of the commentary, which is extremely difficult. But we spent two classes on the biography. That's why we didn't do more folios.

And remember, these folios are bigger. Why? Because they're pages of a book.

Well, no, they are coming from the Tengu.

[Speaker 3]
Oh, oh, oh, oh.

[Speaker 1]
And the Derge Tengu is packed. Every page has got many, many words on it. So somebody else might do 12 folios from Vimalakirti, but we're only doing two or three folios from Vasubandhu.

So don't be discouraged. It's a different amount of words, actually. Much different.

So we're going to try to do one class of the biography of Master Vasubandhu. And we'll try to do five classes. And we'll try to do three folios.

And we still won't get out of Marikpa. Unfortunately, you will have to have Marikpa until the next term. His commentary is hugely biased towards the explanation of misunderstanding.

So you can see it here. He spends a lot more on misunderstanding, which is good for us. Because that's what we have.

Let's see here. Yeah, I was thinking you could do this in two volumes. You can finish one in 2024 and one in 2028.

And each one will be about the size of the Diamond Cutter Sutra translation. And we're still looking for Sanskrit. Aisha is still looking for any pieces of the Sanskrit.

So far, we don't have much luck. If we do two books, we could go the first six links. And then we could have the second six links in separate books.

And they would be about the same size. Yeah. Oh, and then we have Yangtze and Yeshe Gyeltsen's biography of Master Vasubandhu.

And that's going to add more to your books. They're going to be actually about 500 pages or something. There's the chapters we're going to go through.

They're pretty evenly distributed, except for ignorance or misunderstanding. So again, we're going to skip back to the biography part. And I read your translation and it was good.

I was able to remember the biography of Vasubandhu. So I enjoyed it. I enjoyed your translation.

Thank you, Josh. I read the whole thing. Yeah, so here goes the biography.

And Nick just looks so excited to help check your pronunciation this time. Okay, here we go. Let me make it bigger if I can.

Sure. Okay, how's that?

[Speaker 2]
Yes. Good.

[Speaker 1]
This dzuk at the very end of the second line is similar to chuk that we had in Alison's Vinaya text. What does that mean? To get someone to do something.

Yeah, to get someone to do something. Nice, Nick. You should wait till I offer money.

What does that mean? What does that mean, you guys? You work it out.

Kramer, Lasho, let's go. So that... The teachings of the victor stay for a long time.

Yay! He would arrange people to do chupas. Offerings.

To the gendun.

[Speaker 3]
Sangha.

[Speaker 1]
Sangha. He was a fundraiser, basically. CHOS SHI here is just another word for CHOS PA RNAM.

So he arranged very elaborate offerings. Wherever there was a group of sangha, in any place that there was a group of sangha. GANG DANG GANG NA, DE DANG DER.

Wherever, there. Whatever places there was a lot of sangha, he would arrange lots of offerings for them. And make sure they got their salaries from the hotels.

Maybe he was Tim. Okay, let's go. Nick, keep going with him.

You didn't have much there.

[Speaker 2]
AOTI BISHE. YOL THUB DRAM ZE CHEN PO SIK GYI. CHIN DRAG CHE TEC THAG PA CHEN PO'I.

GENDUN DONG DRAG TSUL NYI LA DA WA. SUM DU CHUG KHOR TSUG TE NDUG TON GYE BAR CHE. Nice, okay.

[Speaker 1]
AOTI BISHE is in eastern India. It's on the coast of India. On the bay.

It's between Chennai and Kolkata on the east side of India. And nowadays it's called Orissa. And it used to be.

It's also called Odisha. But in the old days it was called AOTI BISHE. And so basically he was on the east coast of India.

YUL DU. In a place. And those areas were all split up into tiny kingdoms.

And they didn't talk to each other much. YUL DU DRAM ZE CHEN PO SIK. There was a great who?

Brahman. Brahman, yeah. And he was the jindak for a party that was thrown by Vasubandhu.

The sponsor? Mm-hmm. And he got He got DONG CHUN YI gendans to come.

He got Mahayana monks and nuns. DONG DAG CHUN YI. DRAG is just a numberizer.

So you can ignore it. He got 12,000. He invited 12,000 people.

[Speaker 3]
Yeah, I just did it.

[Speaker 1]
I did it a few days ago. That was next week. I got it.

Somebody's got their mic on me.

[Speaker 3]
I got it.

[Speaker 1]
Okay. Great. Yeah, I just did 100 people for a party the other day.

It was unbelievably a lot of work. I had to sleep for three days. CHUN YI LA DA BA GSUM DU Not just for one night, but DA BA GSUM.

Three months? Three months. They had a Dharma party.

DUD DUN means a festival. CHUN GOR means he taught the Dharma. They fed everybody and they had a big Dharma festival.

So I think that's a nice... You know, it's nice to get some kind of feeling for these people, what they were like. It seems like he was into what's it called?

ZHI RGYAS DBANG DRAG I think he was into GYEPA, right? He was into throwing the party. I'd like to find that out about BA GSUM DBANG DRAG.

It seems to fit his philosophy. ZHI RGYAS DBANG DRAG It's a TEK BA.

[Speaker 3]
That's a mistake. That's a mistake.

[Speaker 1]
There's a mistake fixing the mistake. Okay. All right, Dr. Kramer, help this guy out here. Make fun of him. Point out mistakes that are not there.

[Speaker 3]
Faster. Slower.

[Speaker 2]
LOP PON PHAG PA THOG MED KYIS RGYU LAS KYANG TEK PA CHEN PO'I CHEN YANG DGE PHAR BYUNG TE DAG NYID CHEN PO NI LOB MA TEK PA CHEN PO'I RGYAL RANG DUG KHRI RANG PA BYUNG SHES DRAG SO Nice.

[Speaker 1]
LOP PON PHAG PA THOG MED Who's that, Sugeng? Arya Sangha. Yep, Master Arya Sangha.

[Speaker 3]
Master Arya Sangha.

[Speaker 1]
Now this LAS here, Sugeng, is comparative.

[Speaker 3]
Oh, okay.

[Speaker 1]
And RGYAL PA means even broader, even more broad. So what do you think it says? Even compared to the DU of THOG MED.

[Speaker 2]
Compared to the time of the Master Arya Sangha?

[Speaker 1]
Good, yeah. Even compared to that, Kyang, even compared to him, the custom of PHRAD PA and NYAM PA, Mahayana, spread wider. What's CHEN YIN?

CHEN YIN means explain and listen to, and it means teach, teaching. It's like CHEN YANG means heavy, light means weight. And explaining, listening means teaching.

The teaching was going on even bigger than in the time of Master Sangha. This implies that Master Sangha was somehow gone by now, by this time. You see what I mean?

Okay. BDAG NI CHEN PO DE. What's a BDAG NI CHEN PO, you guys?

[Speaker 3]
Mahatma.

[Speaker 1]
This great being, he had LOD MA, which means GALOG. Students. Students who were BDAG PA CHEN PO DE LONGS.

[Speaker 3]
Mahayana monks.

[Speaker 1]
PHYI means, it means two things. It can mean throne and it can mean 10,000. What do you think it is here?

60,000. Yeah, 60,000. LONG PA means totaling, or reached up to 60,000.

SHES BDAG SO. That's what people say. It is said by people that he got up to 60,000 students.

I was talking to somebody yesterday, my mom, that how the internet is so unbelievable. Sometimes DC has 40,000 people watching and it's weird. It's really weird.

In one way, it's a good thing. In one way, it's a terrible thing. Okay, I don't get to fly to Singapore.

All right. Let's find another victim here. Venerable Upala, will you check again on this next paragraph?

[Speaker 3]
Easy job.

[Speaker 2]
LHAG DPUNG RANG NYID DANG LHAN GCIG TU GNAS PA'I GALONG DE MYUN ZIN PA'ANG THONG SAM RE YOD CING DE THAM BCAD KYANG CHUL KHRIM NAM PAR DAG PA DE NUS SUM LA MANG THU DUS PA DANG BRTEN PA RGYAL BA'I BRTEN BA NGZIN CING PHAL NUS BRTEN PA BRTEN RGYAL BA'I BRTEN PA NGZIN CING PHAL NUS PA SHA STAG BYUNG SHES DRAG KHO Nice.

[Speaker 1]
You're really good with languages. You're lucky. You're lucky.

You're lucky. You're like Nick has a good ear too. LHAG DPUNG RANG NYID The master himself.

What's LHAN GCIG TU GNAS PA mean you guys?

[Speaker 3]
All those who were there?

[Speaker 1]
Yeah. Who were in his direct retinue. Okay?

In his direct circle. Like who he had to travel with, for example. It was monks.

GALONG DE NAS BRTEN PA They had mastered the three pitakas. Okay? Abhidharma Pitaka.

What's the other two? Vinayan Sutra. Very good.

Very good. How many used to travel with him? STONG TSAM About a thousand.

Each time he went someplace, there'd be a thousand people straggling behind. If you think four or five people, trying to get four or five people to move through an airport is difficult. Imagine a thousand people on donkeys or something.

And all of those guys, they were TSUL KHRIMS RNAM PAR BDAG PA Holding into the morality?

[Speaker 2]
Holding into the vows?

[Speaker 1]
Very purely. Very purely. And they had a lot of they knew soon.

[Speaker 3]
They had heard a lot of the teachings about the three baskets.

[Speaker 1]
They had studied a lot of the three baskets. And they were DZIN PA'ING the GYAL BA'I BRTEN PA.

[Speaker 2]
They hold onto the teaching of the of the Lord, Victor.

[Speaker 1]
They were John Brady's. They were preserving the teachings. BRTEN PA means they had the power to keep those teachings in the world and to PEL BA those teachings.

[Speaker 3]
Spread them.

[Speaker 1]
To spread them. What shot out you guys for $22?

[Speaker 3]
100%. 100%.

[Speaker 1]
Wait, who said that? Word said it first. I don't know.

It's got sort of a delay on the internet. I didn't hear it. We tried to zap his computer.

We hired a hacker.

[Speaker 3]
Okay. Okay.

[Speaker 1]
Xiaoping, if you're out there, $22 for a word. If you're not out there, I saved some money. Okay.

[Speaker 3]
Sorry.

[Speaker 1]
$22. Okay. And 50 cents.

I'm feeling good. How do you feel, Stanley? You look a little pale.

I'm recovering. Okay. All right.

It must have been that wedding party cake or something. I'm having trouble recovering from it also. So, you know, they say the tail of the dog.

Did I teach you that? You got to ask Ben Kramer someday, okay? I'm not allowed to do it on Mixed Nuts.

I had it with the wedding cake. Okay. All right.

Shatak means every single one of them. Shatak means every single one of them was capable of both preserving and spreading the teachings. Shantak means people say.

We hear people say, you know, who heard about stories of those times, that he always traveled with a thousand monks and those thousand monks were extraordinary people, each one of them, every single one of them, okay? All right. Again, keep going.

Venerable Upala, you don't, you know, you're just sitting around all day doing nothing, so you can check. You know, she's proofreading so many Mixed Nuts books that when I met her, her eyes were watering for like a whole hour. It's unbelievable.

Just like from 1493. All right.

[Speaker 2]
Here we go.

[Speaker 3]
She She She She She She She She I'm going to cut it there.

[Speaker 1]
All right. Thanks, Ben, for the assist. Who's Lopanyiknyen?

Vasubandhu. Vasubandhu. Vasubandhu, yeah.

When he was NYE BA DU LO RGYA Close to 100 years old. Nice, Nick, nice, Nick. When he was close to 100 years old, up to that, up to the time when he was almost 100, bardu, up to that time, in the land of India, he was doing RGYA CHEN PO actions.

Widespread. Yeah, yeah. Very, how do you say, impact.

He was doing things with great impact in India. At the end of that period, he saw there was another great need. He saw there were other great needs.

DGOS PA MANG PO ZHIG LA ZIG NAS He saw there were other great purposes to be served. And so he Who's checking? Stanley, you look like you really want to criticize the gang.

It's really fun, isn't it? Yeah.

[Speaker 3]
There's a she in that last line, Stanley. Get him there. Yeah.

[Speaker 2]
Whatever happened, I don't know. LOG MA DE NUS CHAR PAL DANG CHAR PAL Nice. Good.

[Speaker 1]
LOG MA DE NUS ZIN PA DONG Then he got together lob ma dong, 1,000 students who were all pitaka holders, scripture holders, which means they were masters of scripture. They went to Pelyu. Who knows what Pelyu is?

Nepal. Yeah, to Nepal. This gen is the high honorific for pep.

They did travelists to Nepal. Pelyu na nepe gen den nam la They taught who? The sangha that was living in Nepal.

What did they teach them? The Dhamma of the Mahayana. Yeah, and how much did they teach them?

Is that what, hundreds? Widely, you know. Oh, widely?

Yeah, okay, widely. And in order, here, going backwards, okay? In order that the teachings that they gave should stay in that country for a long time, he che shi mang du dzu, which we just had.

[Speaker 2]
He made them do the offering?

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, good. He got people to really overfeed the monks and give them new robes. He kept the monks fat and happy.

All right. In order to keep the teaching there, in Nepal. Here we go.

Hagri, are you up for this? I don't know. Na?

Okay.

[Speaker 3]
I don't, yeah, I don't know.

[Speaker 1]
You can do Mauna. You can do Mauna. Aldo, are you translating?

Yeah. I'm sorry. Chinzam, are you translating into, are you translating into New York language?

[Speaker 3]
Not today, not today.

[Speaker 1]
Laura, Valiente, do you know how to say in Manhattan, do you want a coffee? You have to say, like you, like you want a coffee, you want a coffee. Okay, Chinzam, let's go.

[Speaker 3]
Yes, okay.

[Speaker 1]
Tim is checking you, Tim is checking you. Tim is checking you. Tim, wake up.

Dene? Oh, you want me to read? Chinzam is reading, Tim is checking.

I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I made a mistake. Chinzam is checking, Sugeng is reading. You don't have to wait.

[Speaker 3]
Okay, okay.

[Speaker 2]
Dene. Dene. Okay, nice.

[Speaker 1]
Okay, by the way, this old language is difficult, okay? Even if you learn philosophy, these old history books are not easy to read. Then he went to a chetan, what's a chetan, you guys?

A stupa. A stupa, he went to a stupa, and that stupa was Rangchung. Was of him?

Yeah, good, it was self-created, it just came up out of the rock. Like we have one in Sedona, right, you guys? It's a natural stupa that just appeared, okay?

In fact, trakpa means people said it had appeared on its own, okay? And the name of that stupa is Gomasa, Gomasala, like masala dosa, okay? Gomasala.

And I confirmed it by some other scriptures, it took me like an hour. But there was a stupa called Gomasala. And gandhe means gandha, which you guys know in Argambadi, Bube, oh no.

And then gandhe means fragrant, okay? At the place called fragrant. And that's an old word for a temple, okay?

The fragrant place. He was at a stupa named Gomasala. And at the gandhe, at the temple part of the stupa, he was doing korwa.

[Speaker 3]
Circumambulations?

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, he was doing circumambulation, which is very, very popular for older monks in the monastery to stay healthy. They go outside and they walk around in a circle for two hours or an hour. And they gossip about things.

Je ching shukpa na. And so he was spending the night there sometimes. And then he saw a guy that the Nepalese were calling hung du.

And apparently, I didn't know this, but hung du is Nepali, ancient Nepalese language for monk. It's like saying venerable. Hey hung du, hung du eli.

So they called him a hung du, and he had on the chache, means all the clothing and other accoutrements, of a rab chung. In this case, a monk. Yeah, he had all the monk's clothes on.

But he was a kimtung. Householder? Yeah, he was a householder monk.

He was a monk living the householder's life. Zhig gi, he was shing mappa. He was plowing the earth.

He was working. And he had a big bunpa of chung. Thermos of beer.

Yeah, he had a big vase of beer that he was carrying. Tokpa means carry. This is not the tok that means to strike something, like a sang na.

Sik, what's sik? Which they saw. He saw, he was hanging out at this stupa, trying to get some exercise, doing some meditation, and he looked outside, and everyone said, oh, that's a monk, and he had monk's clothes on, but he was working, and he was also carrying around a pot of beer.

Who gets the depressing part? Let's see who can take it. Haso is cheerful.

You're not translating today. You're not translating right now, Haso, right?

[Speaker 3]
No, I'm available.

[Speaker 1]
I like your outfit. You're really handsome today. Okay, here we go.

Oh, sorry.

[Speaker 2]
Go ahead.

[Speaker 1]
Nice, okay. SRGYA BA'I BRTAN PA, what that means again? The teaching of the Victors.

Nice. NYAM, NYAM means degenerated. Has degenerated.

This DMA root means less and less, like Hinayana is take men, but it's the same spelling, DMA. He said, oh my gosh, look how badly the teaching of the Buddha has degenerated. And nyam, he thought to himself.

And then he got tukjung, which is honorific for nendrum. Yeah, he got this, he broke his heart, and he thought, oh my God, this is terrible. And then he gave his sungchu to his community, tama, tama, tama.

Tama means final. He delivered his final teaching to the members of his sangha. chu mang du tsel means, and he encouraged them to follow the teachings.

Then he did a strange thing. He recited the sung, what's that Sugerani? Of tsultrim namgyel.

This is a special deity called topknot, victorious topknot. Tsultrim means topknot on the top of the head, and namgyel means victorious. Ushnisha vijaya or something like that.

This is a famous diamond way angel. He took that dharani and he read it out backwards. Backwards.

go means the starting point. sham means the ending point. dokpa means he switched it.

He read the mantra backwards. He recited the mantra backwards. de means he recited it, and as soon as he was finished, he passed.

He passed away. kud tse du che means, this is a polite way to say he passed away. He gave up the factors that were sustaining his holy body.

That's an ancient way to say he passed on. He purposely recited this mantra backwards, and then it gave him the power to pass on. I went and got you the mantra, Sugeng.

This is it right here. This is the version by the first Panchen Lama. I looked at like 20 and I think he has the best version.

Do you want to read it for good luck? But from the beginning.

[Speaker 2]
om brum swaha om amta ayur dade swaha Good.

[Speaker 1]
Let's read it. Om you know, it's called the head of the mantras. It should start, all mantras should end with om.

Sorry, we should start with om. Brum means a sacred... It's the seed syllable of a divine palace.

It's the seed syllable for divine palace. Like if you're doing a vase ceremony in the Diamond Way, you take a vase and you say om brum. That space turns into a paradise, a Buddha paradise.

Brum means the palace of a Buddha in a paradise. Swaha. Word really worked it out one day.

I never knew the way he worked it out was really, really brilliant. It means well-spoken. So spoken.

So om, there is a container, a holy container. Swaha. And then he said om amrta.

What's amrta? Sugeri. Yeah, what's it literally mean?

Amrta. Deathlessness. No death.

Amrta. What's an English cognate amrta?

[Speaker 3]
Mortuary. Murder.

[Speaker 1]
Mortuary. Okay. So amrta, how does that connect to the Greek word nektar?

Nekro. Nekro means death. Tar as in Tara means to pass beyond.

So it's very interesting that amrta and nectar mean the same thing. The real meaning of nectar. What's air in Ayurveda, you guys?

Life. Life. Yeah, life.

Life. Ayurveda is the science of life. And then dade means give me.

It's the da in donation, for example. And in data, for example. So om, the sacred container, swaha.

Om, deathless, life, please give it to me, swaha. And then he said it backwards, which I'm not going to do. And you can picture that he's saying, I give up this life, and I give up deathlessness.

Om, I give up the container of this body. You see what I mean? The palace of this body, I give it up.

I give it back. And then he died. He was able to die.

Which is kind of sad, right? So that's the end of Master Mahatma Gandhi. And here's the last part, which is more cheerful, Sugeng.

Here we go.

[Speaker 2]
Hustle again?

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, hustle. Hustle. Hustle him.

[Speaker 2]
Hustle him.

[Speaker 1]
Tengid du means in that moment. With that moment. Khuyi kuppa means the body he was showing people.

It's the implication is maybe he was already a Buddha, you see? The body he was showing people. Dupa means he withdrew the emanation.

Dupa means he withdrew the emanation. So this is implying he was a Buddha. So in that moment, he withdrew his emanation, and he pepped.

The verb is at the end of the sentence. What's pep, Sugeng? Drogwam.

Drogwam.

[Speaker 3]
Land.

[Speaker 1]
He went. He traveled to the podang. Or the transition.

Podang means... No, that's not podang. Podang means what, you guys?

Palace. Yeah, palace. He traveled to the divine palace.

That's the broom in the mantra. You see, it's very interesting. He passed away.

He withdrew his emanation, and then he traveled to the divine palace called Ganden. And that's why Ganden monastery is called Ganden, Tushita, right? And somebody was already there.

Who? Bapa told me. Arya Asanga?

Yeah, he met up with his brother again. And he met up with Bambi. He met up with Bambi.

[Speaker 3]
Maitreya.

[Speaker 1]
Maitreya. So he withdrew his earthly body, and he passed on to the heaven of Tushita, where he was met by Maitreya and his brother, Asanga. Cool?

Cool. Wow. Here's some proof about the name of the stupa and the name of the temple at the stupa.

These are some references. Some of them come from the new Mongolian data that we have, that John Brady's team is doing even right now. And here's a citation from an old scripture that says, Goma Sala Ganda was in Nepal, and it was a stupa that people said came from the rock.

So that confirms what we thought. And here's a bunch of references to Gandola, which means a temple. The word Ganda.

And these are all the connections to sweet smell. Here's where I got the reference to Hangdu, is the Nepalese word for a monk. You won't find that.

It's kind of rare. Extremely rare, actually. Maybe somebody could ask some Nepali friends.

Here's the dictionary reference. Hangdu pelpa kye. This is Nepali language, and it means reverend or venerable person.

And here's where I got the mantra that he read backwards. These are some of the different versions of that mantra. This is the best one I found.

And that's by the first Panchen Lama. This is how much work I have to do to do that one mantra. Okay, what's that say?

[Speaker 2]
Oh, okay. So we are going to the apex now.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, I mean, Master Vasubandhu passed away. I don't know. I don't feel like doing more biography tonight.

Let's go to the text, okay? All right, so your text is going to start here. By the way, can you read this part here again?

And Ali's going to check you.

[Speaker 2]
di yu na di jung di kye pe di kye wa te Where did that come from? The first two, the starting of the teaching on the dependence and connection.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, this is the key words in the first sutra on the 12 links, right? And what, can you translate this again?

[Speaker 2]
If this is there, that is there. If this is here, this is there. This will happen.

And if this starts, that also starts.

[Speaker 1]
Nice, nice. If this is there, that will start. If this starts, that will start.

Okay, I'm sorry, yeah. If this is there, that will occur. If this starts, then that starts.

And this is the famous opening line of the teaching on the 12 links. We're just reminding ourselves because Vasubandhu picks up there. Ali, are you in a good mood?

Can you check him?

[Speaker 3]
Yeah, okay.

[Speaker 1]
Okay, good. Here we go.

[Speaker 2]
Go. Good.

[Speaker 1]
When this starts, that other thing starts, that quotation from the original sutra, it's talking, this is almost the definition, cengi, or the definitive occurrence of something which comes from khen. What's khen? The cost material factor.

Yeah, factor. Which is itself mitakpa. Unchanging.

No, changing. Changing. Yeah, yeah.

Why did he say changing now? Why is he saying that now? Look at the first one.

Yeah, yön na. Okay, yön na means if it exists, this will happen. Then he said if this starts, this will start.

So definitely the second one's talking about impermanent things, changing things. But the first one, don't forget there's kinds of yöpa, which don't change, right?

[Speaker 3]
Yes.

[Speaker 2]
But they cause something to happen?

[Speaker 1]
Well, that's tricky. Like the presence of emptiness in the kitchen is going to make her happier.

[Speaker 3]
Can an unchanging...

[Speaker 1]
Understanding that, Will. Yeah, that's true.

[Speaker 3]
Can an unchanging jungwa, can it arise?

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, by the way, exactly. That's exactly true. When you say gyewa, it means start.

And when you say jung, it means happen. So you can say that emptiness happens when you build the chair. The emptiness of the chair happens, but it doesn't start.

Okay, and that's a difficult point and a valuable point. All right, so now according to the commentary of Vasubandhu, Lord Buddha has moved on from general things happening to specifically things happening from changing factors. Okay, jungwa tsengyi.

And this is to indicate that gyewa is gyen. This is to indicate that starting is something which is always tied up with causation, factors. Okay, all right.

Keep going. Who's checking you is Seiji? He asked me.

Seiji, you have a choice. You can do it yourself, or you can have Maitri check him.

[Speaker 3]
All right.

[Speaker 2]
Nice.

[Speaker 1]
Okay, di ta te. And here's an example of how you see a factor triggering another starting of something else. And he points to the first two links, right Sugen?

Yes. marikpe gen gyi du che. What's that mean?

marikpe gen gyi du che.

[Speaker 2]
The factor of the misunderstanding is producing the fresh karma?

[Speaker 1]
Exactly. Now, for a hundred dollars, this is easy Sugen, in the kitchen, in the two husbands in the kitchen, what will marikpe produce a du che? Where will marikpe produce a du che in the kitchen, in the argument in the kitchen?

[Speaker 2]
When the wife thinks that the emptiness husband is... when the wife misunderstands that the husband is coming from itself, so this is planting the seeds for the suffering, for the shouting that she will experience the week after.

[Speaker 1]
But what will she do if she has marikpe? Replay back.

[Speaker 2]
Yeah, nice.

[Speaker 1]
Good. That's what I want. Okay, a hundred dollars Shelping, for Master Sugen.

Yeah, marikpe gen gyi, she doesn't realize that her husband is yelling at her because she yelled at her kids, and then she's going to yell back and du che, second link of the Wheel of Life, she's going to make fresh karma. la sokpe ni, nupay kyen, he calls factors of tremendous power, potent factors, like not understanding where your husband comes from. Things come from that, and that's what we're talking about here.

We're talking about very powerful, very potent actions, karmas, which create other things. Now, he said you can say that one link has triggered another link, or you can say that one link is the kyen, or the factor that triggers another link, or you can just say nga chi yenlak. What's that mean?

Nga chi yenlak. The before and after? Yeah, the link before and the link after is the same thing as saying one triggered the other.

You see what I mean? If you say link number one and link number two, you're already saying link number two was triggered by link number one. You're already talking about causality.

Once you say link number two came from link number one, you're already talking about link number one being the kyen, and not just a cause, but a nupay kyen, a very powerful, potent cause. Okay? Cool?

Cool.

[Speaker 2]
Well, Geshe-la, I'm just kind of... I still remember the Nagarjuna video 15 that you did a review.

[Speaker 1]
I hate it when people say, oh, Geshe-la, what about class number six back in 1982?

[Speaker 2]
I mean, because you are... I mean, suddenly I remember about this. So basically, yes, that's why this is the lower middle way.

We are talking about the previous link causing the next link. But if we were to use the understanding from Nagarjuna, all these are basically all wrong. Can I say that?

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, you can say that. You can say that. In fact, that's what Adam's text is going to talk about tonight.

Oh, okay. All right. So what he says is, kyen nyi du ten means, we say that something is a trigger when there's a definite ngepa relationship of adjacent links.

Adjacent links. One link is next to the next link. All right.

Now, let's see here. Emily, do you want to criticize this guy? It's fine.

It's free. Gibson can help you. She fell asleep.

Okay. I'll check you. Okay.

Oh, she's translating.

[Speaker 2]
Okay. Oh, I'm sorry.

[Speaker 1]
I'm sorry.

[Speaker 2]
I apologize. I'm sorry.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, and what this means is, che jawa means, when you say that misunderstanding has acted as a trigger for collecting karma, what you're saying is that misunderstanding is kyen. It's the factor. It's the cause.

Yeah, factor or trigger or something like that. Okay? Good.

Here comes an easy sentence, a rare thing in these texts. Please read. We have one more minute, Geshe-la.

[Speaker 2]
We got one more sentence. Lhagma nam kyang de shin du rikpa jau. What's it say?

It's easy. Lhagma means the rest of them. The rest of them.

Okay.

[Speaker 1]
Jawa means you should.

[Speaker 2]
So you should. De shin du rikpa?

[Speaker 1]
Rikpa means shepa.

[Speaker 2]
Think the same way?

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, when we talk about link two and three, or three and four, or four and five, you can think of them the same way. Okay?

[Speaker 3]
Okay.

[Speaker 1]
Let's go one more line, because this is fun. We're out of time, Geshe-la. I know.

Khyen kyi de ni ngak damakona yin no. When you say triggered, then what did the triggering should come before? When you say triggered, then what did the triggering should come before?

Which means DCI, advanced level number one, where we tried to solve problems in the past, is disagreeing with Vasubandhu. Somebody's wrong.

[Speaker 2]
Geshe-la, you want to give me the next phrase to translate?

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, I want to pick a phrase. That's incredibly difficult. I want to give you something from the biography, okay?

Okay, sure. The other one is impossible. It's totally impossible.

Hang on.

[Speaker 3]
Yeah.

[Speaker 1]
Okay, I want you to do these two pieces, okay? The one that starts with Lopen, and the other one that starts with Lopen. Okay?

Sure. Okay, do those two pieces for me. Okay.

Okay. Okay, take a ten-minute break, Nick? We have a five-minute break.

What? Do you need more? I'm going to go on strike.

Well, luckily I did my big business before, so I'm okay. All right. Five minutes, good?

Everything came out all right, yeah.

[Speaker 3]
Geshe-la, is there a new text for Adam in an hour?

[Speaker 1]
Oh, yeah. I'll give it to you right now. I'll take my four-and-a-half-minute break, and I'll send it to you.

Poor Geshe-la.

[Speaker 3]
I want to share it with people.

[Speaker 1]
I'll see you soon.

[Speaker 3]
Thank you.

[Speaker 1]
Thank you, Geshe-la.

[Speaker 3]
Thank you, Geshe-la. You're welcome.