Бен Крамер — Книга 2: Драгоценность истинной мысли (Геше Йеше Вангчук о Дхармакирти), занятие 1

[Speaker 1]
And write the homework. Oh my gosh, well that didn't happen. That's all I've been doing for how many hours has it been.

Oh he does, okay. Coming right up. One thing that Zoom does now is it enables you to forward the panelists the link again and again immediately.

There we go. There he is. You eating pizza too?

I'm chewing gum to get rid of the popcorn in my mouth. Does that work? That's a pretty cool trick.

[Speaker 2]
Yes, I was just chewing popcorn to get rid of the gum in my mouth.

[Speaker 1]
Dangerous combination. Okay, you guys actually ready? Yeah, Geshe-la, do you want me to announce what we discussed about that extra step of homework for the mixed nuts?

Yeah, you're the boss. Just go for it. All right, I'm going for it.

Are all the nuts here? I hope so. I'm just taking a quick look.

Nope. Well, maybe let's wait till the end of class. You want to wait till the end of class?

Yeah, I just want to make sure everybody's here to hear it. Okay, give him a few minutes. I heard Adam might be ill.

There's been some... In that case, I'll announce it now and then I'll just send him a message. Okay, go for it.

Geshe Michael wants to make sure that we are learning how to translate. So, yeah, I had some idea that we can do a little bit more homework and us mixed nuts, okay? And all the rest of you are welcome to take a shot at this too, but this idea specifically pertains to us.

Each time when we finish our class, we make a quiz of what we've done, of what we just covered in the previous class. Everybody's been doing that for many terms. For this term, something that we're adding to our workload is just to translate, to do a polished translation, our version of a polished translation of the next passage, maybe even just a sentence of our stuff that we did not cover yet with Geshe Michael.

So, us mixed nerds are going to take our best shot at translating the next passage that's coming in our text without him having covered it at all. And then he'll go over it with us in the beginning of the next class and tear it apart and shred our precious little egos in front of 200 people.

[Speaker 3]
So, how do we submit these so-called polished drafts?

[Speaker 1]
It's a good question. You don't have to submit them. You can just have them ready when we start the class.

[Speaker 2]
Yeah, we thought you could put them on, sorry, Nick, on the end of your homework. So, do your homework and at the end of your homework, have a little page or something while you're in the and just, yeah, pop up with what you've got to show the boss.

[Speaker 1]
Yep, that's good. It'll be fun and I think it'll help. I think it'll help a lot.

[Speaker 2]
It's fun. I'm excited about it and nervous about it, but mostly delighted and grateful that you're going to take the time to do it.

[Speaker 1]
So, in Seiji's case, you know, that doesn't mean you can just do the section that Geshe Michael already translated in ACI 14. You got to jump over those lines and do the next part. Sorry, Seiji.

I know your translation of that would have been very poetic. And then, you know, we can look at it case by case. Like, we'll see at the end of our class what's coming up and if it's a massive paragraph, then we can, you know, say, hey, Geshe Michael, can we just do, you know, the first part of this?

Can we break this somewhere reasonable? Or if we feel confident, we'll just go for it. And if that doesn't make sense, then, you know, talk to me, write me a message or something, and we'll discuss.

All right, sorry to take time from your class, Ben. No, I'm happy. You ready?

Okay, let's get going. Let's share the screen here. Okay, here's where Dr. Kramer's at. His whole book is 4,000 pages in English. Or you could call it 4,500 pages if you add the Sanskrit. The first chapter, I think, should take three books.

And that's going to be about 15 years of classes. I think we can do 10 years of classes, honestly. And we could get each book done in three years or something like that.

You guys are speeding up noticeably. So I think it's going to, it's not crazy. It's not the same.

Originally, it was 51 years, but I think we can get it down to 50. Just kidding. But it's worth it.

And I think we'll get used to it. And it'll speed up. So don't stress about it.

If the author could write it under the difficult circumstances he wrote it under, we can translate it, right? It didn't take him 50 years to write, it took him about 20 years. And again, I had the honor of working with him before he passed away on printing these two volumes.

So anyway, yeah, you have to decide on a name for the book, Ben. So we can make a temporary print cover page. All right.

Now, the fun news is that I found a nice, I've been working on finding a decent biography of Dharmakirti, Master Dharmakirti. And so we have a decent biography by Bhutan Rinpoche, who put together the Kangyur and Tengur. And he also, he kind of sounds like he's refusing to do a biography of Master Dharmakirti without a biography of his teacher, Dignaga, okay?

So we're going to have fun today. And we're going to do the biography of Dignaga. And we might be able to get through it, I think.

It's not very long. These ancient biographies are not very long. And, you know, people write doctoral theses about these guys, but they don't know much more than what's here.

And why would they? So, you know, you can have, you can read all kinds of things. But in the end, we only have a few a few biographies of these ancient masters.

And I like this one of Master Dignaga. Okay, so basically considered by the lineage to be Dharmakirti's teacher. So I don't think we did this yet, Ben, right?

If I'm not mistaken.

[Speaker 2]
We did not.

[Speaker 1]
Okay. So let's read this first paragraph here.

[Speaker 2]
Okay.

[Speaker 1]
Tim is Tim is correcting me.

[Speaker 2]
Good.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, come on.

[Speaker 2]
Good. Thank you. Thanks for being there when I needed you.

Loma, Sema, Rangwe, Kepa, Pelden, Choki, Langbo, Nyi, Rick, Chomsay, La, Nemabube, Depe, Kemposhikle, Raptu, Jungte, Jralasoppa, Thanyekhi, Tsuklakla, Lekpar, Changte.

[Speaker 1]
Great job.

[Speaker 2]
Thanks.

[Speaker 1]
Okay, good.

[Speaker 2]
Cool.

[Speaker 1]
What's Yignan?

[Speaker 2]
Master Vasubandhu.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, nice. So this biography by Bhutan Rinpoche, who, you know, nobody knows better than him because he put together 5,000 books from ancient India. So nobody knows the Indians better than him.

He says he was the Lobma of Yignan.

[Speaker 2]
Oh, who says he was the Lobma of Yignan? Dignaga was.

[Speaker 1]
Bhutan says that Dignaga was the student of Vasubandhu, direct student, okay?

[Speaker 2]
Okay, cool.

[Speaker 1]
And some Western scholar will say that timing doesn't work out, but anyway. Now, I'm gonna give you a clue, and I'm gonna see if you can figure this out. This instrumental is comparative.

[Speaker 2]
Okay. Let's see.

[Speaker 1]
Okay. It's probably Lama Louis Dignaga, right?

[Speaker 2]
Yeah, right. Oh, I guess, did he also, did Yignan also have a work on Tsema?

[Speaker 1]
I think he's saying that Master Dignaga was more learned in the subject of Tsema than Yignan, the master Vasubandhu. Yeah, that's correct. Nick is correct.

I mean, Ben's probably just hasn't been to say it because it's weird, okay? But he's saying Rongwei Kepa means smarter than he was, or more of a master than he was, about Buddhist logic and perceptual theory. Okay, I don't like to call it logic because nowadays I like to call it clear thinking, but logic is just so dry, okay?

It's like saying morality instead of ethics. Okay, so Tsema Rongwei Kepa. So he was more well-versed in pramana than his teacher, okay?

And that's the glorious Chökyi Lambo, okay? Did I tell you, so I had a breakthrough with Chökyi Lambo 10 years ago. Lambo means elephant, Chö means dig, which dig, which means direction.

And it's all related to Deisha, for example. And so, and dictator who directs people with their finger. So dig, the root dig means to direct.

And it also digital comes from that because it became fingers, which is what you use to dig people to say go in this direction. And then naga should mean some kind of dragon or something, but here it says elephant. And there's a reference in Monier-Williams that elephants can be called nagas.

[Speaker 2]
Oh, because of that trunk, huh?

[Speaker 1]
Maybe in special circumstances when they're talking about the eight great elephants of the directions. So there's this thing called the eight elephants of the directions, like North, South, West, and then Northwest. And those are called the eight great elephants.

And that's their naga, okay? That's the eight nagas. So they are called nagas when they are the guardians of the eight directions.

[Speaker 2]
So, so really- Like hosti, right, in Sanskrit, like the guy with the hand is an elephant, maybe.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, maybe it comes from that.

[Speaker 2]
Yeah, like a naga-shaped trunk.

[Speaker 1]
And we're going to learn more about his name later, but so far what we know is, you know, literally he's the elephant of the directions. Now why he got that name, you're going to find out in your biography.

[Speaker 2]
Oh, good.

[Speaker 1]
Okay.

[Speaker 2]
So he was a Brahmin?

[Speaker 1]
He was a Brahmin. And the line, more of a stop, okay? He was a dharmasena, period.

[Speaker 2]
Right.

[Speaker 1]
Then he erupted.

[Speaker 2]
Yeah, he was a Brahmin, but then he left the home life, as it were. He became a monk.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, he took Buddhist ordination from a Khenpo.

[Speaker 2]
From a master who was a member of the Bhatsiputrian sect.

[Speaker 1]
Hey, this Khenpo means this vow master, okay? So his vow master was one of the Bhatsi. And I went and got a book from this guy named Kramer.

[Speaker 2]
Don't trust him.

[Speaker 1]
Which tells us about this Buddhist group. And they're exceptional because they have, they're famous because they almost accept the self. Okay, so, you know, they're always criticized.

And here's Ben's, here's the selection from Ben's first book, which we are working on soon, to get it up to printing stage. And these are all the ancient schools of Buddhism. And there's the Bhatsiputri.

Do you remember why they're called Bhatsiputri? It's Ben, I don't remember.

[Speaker 2]
No.

[Speaker 1]
Maybe that was their teacher's name or something. Yeah, I think that's right. Yeah, yeah.

I think so. I think you're right. So anyway, he got, he was a Brahmin, but he got ordained as a Buddhist monk from a vow master who was a Bhatsiputri, okay?

And then he studied. Chang, you're gonna see some ancient wording in Bhutan Rinpoche. He's just before Tsongkhapa.

Tsongkhapa just missed him and he was always sorry for it. He went to meet him. He was gone, he was passed already.

And he's buried himself in his papers for, I don't know how long. Suklak, you guys know Sulakang, I think. Temple.

Ancient text, Suklak? Yeah, Sulakang means a temple. And there's a famous Sulakang in India.

But Suklak means, it's an ancient word for Pustaka, which is a scripture, a book. So Suklakang, which nowadays means temple, used to mean library. Okay, so jung de, dra la sokpa tanye kyi tsukla.

Then he started to study, tanye here means secular. Okay, he started studying the secular classics, such as.

[Speaker 2]
Dra, sound, shabda.

[Speaker 1]
Sanskrit. Sanskrit. Yeah, which means Sanskrit in this context.

Yeah, shabda. He started to study shabda. But I guess the emphasis so far is that he was studying the secular topics, but not the religious topics, okay?

Now, we'll skip this part from, he said his best translation about that Buddhist school. And we reach, this is a cute story. Okay, go ahead.

And next, gonna correct your pronunciation.

[Speaker 2]
Kembo la pongwa tsamteng kyi mengak shube. Pongpo le deni dang shendu judumepe. Dak gom shik sung ne gompe.

Dak manye ne chinang kyi tipe. Tip, sanyam ne chok shir marme. Ne chenpo par lu cher pur chung mik te chok chur.

Dak tsel yang ma nye to.

[Speaker 1]
Okay, cool. Then his kembo, meaning his vow master, he said, can you teach me a little bit, can you give me advice and semengak? Sometimes, pongwa tsamteng means like meditation retreat, like going pongwa, giving up the world, and going into a meditation retreat.

So he said, can you give me some serious meditation instructions for like long-term meditation? Shuba means what? He asked him.

Yeah, he requested. He said, can you give me some? And here's his master's reply.

Dak gom, dak meypa gom shik. Dak meypa gom shik. You have to meditate on a self.

No self. Yeah, I want you to meditate on no self nature, okay? I want you to meditate on no self nature.

What kind of self nature? Where the self, either blank or blank. Where the self is either blank or blank.

[Speaker 2]
It is either the heaps or something different from them.

[Speaker 1]
Good, and this denyin doesn't mean emptiness, it means those heaps themselves, okay?

[Speaker 2]
Or it's shendu.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, are you your body and mind, or are you different from your body and mind? That's what I want you to do. So he asked his teacher, give me some meditation, long-term meditation practice.

[Speaker 2]
And these guys are like the Judo-Mepists anyway.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah.

[Speaker 2]
So it's pretty cool that the books agree that a guy from the Vatsiputriya school accepts something that's sort of like a self, but it's Judo-Mepa, it's beyond all description.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, which is suspicious, because this teacher is supposed to be somebody who doesn't quite get it, but he's like, okay, will you decide whether you are your body and mind, or you are separate from your body and mind? And Venerable Utpala's text has many beautiful analyses of that. Gomshik is the imperative tense.

That's what I want you to meditate about.

[Speaker 2]
Well, is he saying Judo-Mepa, or is he saying the lack of a self, which is Judo-Mepa because it's neither of these?

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, I want you to meditate on what cannot be described as whether you are your body and mind, or not your body and mind.

[Speaker 2]
Okay.

[Speaker 1]
Okay. I want you to meditate on this indescribable nature, where you are not your body and mind, and you're not separate from your body and mind.

[Speaker 2]
Great.

[Speaker 1]
Okay? And if that's all the instructions you got, man, good luck, right? Then he'd go past 10.

[Speaker 2]
He meditated.

[Speaker 1]
And dak manye, dak manye.

[Speaker 2]
He didn't find a self.

[Speaker 1]
He couldn't locate a self. He couldn't find a me. He couldn't find a me.

And then he got this nyam. Okay, nyam in this spelling means he's thinking, okay? But it's related to another nyam, which means he was thinking and getting this mental feeling like dip-a-dip, though just covered by clouds or in the shadows.

Both chi and nyam, inner and outer. Yeah, so the outside world was getting darker, and then inside he felt like it's darker. He felt like he was in the shadows.

And so I described also in whose book I was working on recently. I think it was Vanderbilt's book. It's this, oh no, yeah.

It's a reaction you get in meditation when you're meditating slightly wrong. And it feels like you're blacking out and the whole world is blacking out, okay? So he started to go into this darkness, inner and outer darkness.

Dip means shadows, okay? Dip, shadowed by shadows, okay? Sam means, I wonder if that, you know, like it felt like that, okay?

And then he went and he barred a marmaid. He used a butter lamp? He lit a butter lamp.

This bar means to light a fire. Yeah, exactly. Except this is the Chepo Pongosayupa, transitive.

So he lit a great, a big butter lamp. And he started walking around in the chokshi.

[Speaker 2]
In the four directions?

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, he went that way with the butter lamp because it was getting dark. And then he ran around and went the other way. And he just started running around with this big butter lamp, okay?

Because he felt like the whole world was going. Then he chewed his clothing.

[Speaker 2]
He dipped them.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, he took off his clothes. And then he was Cherbu, means you had your bupas, James.

[Speaker 2]
He was naked.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, he's running around naked with a butter lamp looking for the self. I've seen this happen. You don't know, it's kind of a difficult situation when the student does it.

[Speaker 2]
Yeah, I kind of do know.

[Speaker 1]
So yeah, he was running around naked with a butter lamp. And it felt like the whole world was very dark on him because he couldn't find himself, okay? Then make jen means to open your eyes wide open, like staring, looking for something, okay?

With wide open eyes, okay? He'd sell the dark.

[Speaker 2]
Oh, he found it?

[Speaker 1]
What? No, sel means choksel, sel.

[Speaker 2]
Oh, I'm sorry, he's salted.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, he salted dark in the chok chu.

[Speaker 2]
Oh, in the 10 directions.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, in all, everywhere. He ran around probably his teacher's, you know, neighborhood naked with a lamp looking for the self during the day, right? And embarrassed his teacher greatly, which happens.

And manyik.

[Speaker 2]
Yeah, he's still didn't find it.

[Speaker 1]
He didn't find anything, okay. Cute story, and it happens, come on. Okay, go ahead.

Tim, you're still checking, okay? De tse.

[Speaker 2]
De tse. CHU LAM DE THAR BYAS PA THOG KYIS THONG NAS KHYEN PO LA SHU NAS KHYEN PO KHYER CHI CHIR DE THAR JAI CHI PAS DAK TSOL LO SHES SO Okay, you know Chu Lam Kyut Namgyur, number 11, I guess. Yeah, yoga.

[Speaker 1]
Of everyday life, right? So this means normal comportment, the way he's acting all day long. De thar byas pa, he was doing that kind of Chu Lam, and his trompo saw it.

[Speaker 2]
Okay, yeah.

[Speaker 1]
His fellow students saw him running around naked with this light. Can you imagine in the day, and somebody's out running around naked in Sedona and embarrassing everybody, okay?

[Speaker 2]
I'm sorry.

[Speaker 1]
De khyen po la shu.

[Speaker 2]
Chu Lam here is specifically that he's still doing this in the day?

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, his strange behavior. It doesn't specify day or night, but the point is, during the day, he felt like everything was going dark on him. Actually, he was exploring his own ignorance.

During broad daylight, he felt like everything was going dark.

[Speaker 2]
So they'd say Chu Lam just means like, at the time he was doing all that.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, exactly. Yeah, at that time, he was acting like that, and his trompo saw it, and they reported it to Kimmel.

[Speaker 2]
Oh, good.

[Speaker 1]
All right? Yeah. Then the Kimmel said, Chu Lam, de thar byas pa.

[Speaker 2]
He liked it out there. I'm re-behaving that way, yeah.

[Speaker 1]
Chu Lam is questioning him. Then he replied, hey, dak tsu lo.

[Speaker 2]
I'm looking for the dak, man. Trying to find the elf, man.

[Speaker 1]
You told me to try to find the me who was my body and mind, or who wasn't my body and mind, and I'm just doing what you asked me to do. That's the kind of answer you get, by the way, from these kind of students. Keep reading, and who we got up there?

Let me see. Utpala, can you check his pronunciation? Oh, yes, please.

So gang, I'm here because you're so good at it.

[Speaker 2]
Kyaw Rang gi drup ta sun jen par nduk pe song shik ser wa thang ken po de ni du rik pe sun chung nu mu kyi u ma yin no nyam te rim kyi I want you to stop there.

[Speaker 1]
I want you to, yeah, let's cut it. Sometimes a sentence is too long to be translated comfortably into English, and it should be broken into two. Okay, you are jimbaing our own drup ta.

[Speaker 2]
You're ripping up our own philosophical system.

[Speaker 1]
Exactly. Yeah, you're embarrassing us. You're tearing up our system, okay?

Then he said, sung shik. Sung shik. Stop that.

No, sung. Go. Go.

Go.

[Speaker 2]
Get out of here.

[Speaker 1]
Get out of here. Get the hell out of here. Sung shik, okay?

He said, this serwa doesn't mean claim, right? It's just reporting. He said, get your ass out of this school.

Go somewhere else, okay? And now here's a very delicate point. Dignaga rikpa, that he could have nirpa, sung nyungpa, his kimbo.

[Speaker 2]
He logicked out that he could have- Yeah, uh-huh, exactly. Sung nyung, that he- Yeah, this is future tense of sung jin. Oh, he logicked out, what, that he could embarrass his teacher, or- Yeah, he could have destroyed his teacher right then and there.

[Speaker 1]
De nyidu means right then and there. So in that moment, he could have destroyed his nirmabupa, teacher's views about the self. Oh.

Okay. He saw, he saw it. Mu ki, ki, but it wasn't upa.

And this is, yeah, this is the arch in archon. Yeah, arch. It wasn't the right thing to do with your teacher.

[Speaker 3]
Wow.

[Speaker 1]
It was not appropriate to do with your teacher. Even if your teacher has a wrong view about the emptiness, it's not appropriate to out-logic them in front of everybody else, okay? So he just, he nyam it, okay?

And then he ripped, he jun. Jun is the same as pep, pep.

[Speaker 2]
Okay, he gradually left. He walked away.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, he packed up, he got his stuff together. He said goodbye to everybody. And he took, you know, he took a couple of days.

[Speaker 2]
He set about the process of taking his leave.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, but he ended up at Lopa Nyinyan.

[Speaker 2]
Oh, super, at Vasubandhu's house.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, and I think this chen used to be tsan nam.

[Speaker 2]
Used to be.

[Speaker 1]
I think it was, if you think about, I think this chen, I think it used to be tsan nam. And you can check some old carvings, but that would mean, chen means he went to Vasubandhu. Okay, tsan nam means to, to the place where Vasubandhu was, okay?

I think it's carving, an ancient carving, okay? He went to, yeah. In the previous section, was it that he could destroy his teacher with logic?

[Speaker 3]
Yeah.

[Speaker 1]
Here, it says logic, yeah, with logic. He could have proved his teacher wrong. He could have proved what his teacher thought him was wrong.

And it happens when you change religions, really. You know, you could go to the Christian church or whatever and prove that future lives exist, but it's not appropriate, you know? You should just quietly go and go find a nice Buddhist teacher, you know?

[Speaker 2]
So if I can check in, Geshe-la, with what we've done so far, this really does hinge on this Nema Bupa idea of an indescribable self, right? Like that is the idea then is his teacher tells him to go find the indescribable self. He's looking and looking and looking, and he doesn't find any such thing, comes to the conclusion that, look how hard I've looked.

Surely I would have found it, and I should be able to demonstrate here and now that the thing that you're talking about is nonsense, but I respect my teacher. So I'm gonna take my leave and go find a teacher I can work with. Okay, cool, wow.

[Speaker 1]
By the way, if I'm Ben Kramer, and I just spent four years translating a book that includes Nema Bupa, definitely gonna have a long footnote referring to my brilliant book, you know? That's the whole point of doing different books, you know? Yeah, so he reached Jun, he got to Vasubandhu, and he took Basula Kepaja.

[Speaker 2]
And Geshe-la, it brings up another issue in general that I think we could use your guidance on, which is, do we want to develop a vernacular in our footnotes for how we refer to a Mixed Nuts standard for how we reference other books in the Mixed Nuts series in a footnote?

[Speaker 1]
What I usually do, because it's come up a few times, and anytime I get a chance to cross-reference books, I do it, and I will say, there's a good explanation of this, and I will give the folio number.

[Speaker 2]
So they can find the original?

[Speaker 1]
Nope.

[Speaker 2]
Oh.

[Speaker 1]
So that we can later put in the page number when the book's done? Look, page numbers will change in the next 100 years. Okay, right.

People will, they'll print your books in many different formats, you know, but the folio number's not gonna change. So I'll say, go see Nick Lashaw's book, Folio Such-and-Such, which we always leave in the book, right? And it's a brilliant way to deal with, the page numbers are gonna change in your books every time they're published.

So I'll say- What about section numbers, Geshe-la? Well, those are gonna change too, I think. Not as frequently, but, you know, anyway, the folio number's never gonna change.

So, you know, every time we add a little text by Nagarjuna, for example, it's gonna mess up the section item. So, anyway, that's how I do it. Ben and I always mention, which is also translated in this family color, classics, you know, put in a little advertisement.

And I think all of you should advertise each other's books, just as a brotherhood thing, sisterhood thing. Okay. Okay, so he, Zhang, and he became a Kepa in Tekpasu.

[Speaker 2]
Okay, yeah, he left and he became a master of the three Tekpas?

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, now, when you see three Tekpas, you have two choices. There's two options, what are they?

[Speaker 2]
Either- It could mean- It could mean, Hinayana, Mahayana, and Vajrayana, even though Vajrayana belongs to Mahayana.

[Speaker 1]
Good point.

[Speaker 2]
But it might mean the way of the listeners, the way of the self-made Buddhas and the way of the Bodhisattvas.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, and then you gotta make a judgment call. If you think it's not possible to determine it, you can say in your footnote, you could say it could be either, okay? Okay.

I would guess, you know, my feeling is, I think Vasubandhu would have taught him some Tantra also. But, let's see if it becomes clear later. Okay.

If he wrote in a Vajrayana text, okay?

[Speaker 3]
Okay.

[Speaker 1]
All right. And from Vasubandhu, he learned the Drupada of the Namrikpa. Yes.

[Speaker 2]
Oh, cool. Yeah, he learned the philosophical system of the Vijnanavadins.

[Speaker 1]
Which is?

[Speaker 2]
You wrote mentalist here, so I'm not, but it's roughly mind only school.

[Speaker 1]
Mind only, mind only. Okay. So he became a master of the mind only school, which is interesting to know about Dignani, you see?

He's the teacher of Dharmakirti. And to say that he was a master of mind only has a lot of implications. And because Dharmakirti is supposed to be second school, right?

But his mind was a mind only master. And he became a master of Simra.

[Speaker 2]
Accurate perception.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, okay. Okay, so gang, here you go. Find something wrong with his pronunciation, please.

[Speaker 3]
Yes, sir.

[Speaker 1]
Earn your pay, earn your pay. Okay, here we go.

[Speaker 2]
In a low bungee draw a non-key don't LG cute young dog paid doing my Rick pie in a day. Fung way cheer tongue nimble shut up. Shut up.

Okay. Cheers to him. Drell pot tongue.

You intend tie a par. To pay to pay to pay to pay a drill pot tongue. Mick pot, pop a lot so pot.

Tangent port. Puah. Oh, torture.

Get some. Got some.

[Speaker 1]
Nice. Thanks to gang. You're like the only person who's correcting him.

Okay. Okay, then the, by the way, this Mopan is not Yinyuan, it's the Choklang, okay?

[Speaker 2]
Okay.

[Speaker 1]
Okay?

[Speaker 2]
Okay.

[Speaker 1]
Now the master, in fact, I'm gonna put a note there. He, he decided that he, he, he, he decided to help Drowaz.

[Speaker 2]
Beings.

[Speaker 1]
Bangwa.

[Speaker 2]
Get rid of.

[Speaker 1]
Marikpa.

[Speaker 2]
Ignorance.

[Speaker 1]
Because it was what is the gyu for dunyan?

[Speaker 2]
It's the cause of suffering.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, good, okay. So he said the pure, oh, not understanding yang dakpay dun, which means denyi.

[Speaker 2]
Oh. I'm sorry, not understanding yang dakpay dun, like the true cause of?

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, the pure object of the universe, which is emptiness. Okay, it's just a synonym for emptiness, okay?

[Speaker 2]
Oh, yang dakpay dun.

[Speaker 1]
He perceived that misunderstanding emptiness was the reason why everyone in the world was suffering. Therefore.

[Speaker 2]
Kind of like what it means to be correct, right? Like, because they didn't understand what it means to be correct.

[Speaker 1]
Well, it means that one pure object or something like that, okay? Okay. That one pure object.

Okay, so to pangwa that marikpa.

[Speaker 2]
Okay, to get rid of that ignorance, to remove it.

[Speaker 1]
He wrote about gyan down here, books. Oh, yeah, eight of them? A hundred, yeah.

Yeah, he wrote like a hundred texts, okay?

[Speaker 2]
Oh, I'm sorry, yeah.

[Speaker 1]
And now they give you a few names. Okay, here's a few names. Okay, in order to get rid of that misunderstanding, and if you want to say it the opposite way, in order to kye in all of those drowas, there's shidam.

[Speaker 2]
In order to bring about wisdom in all of those beings.

[Speaker 1]
So it could be a nyambo for their marikpa.

[Speaker 2]
A nyambo for their marikpa, an antidote for their ignorance.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, an antidote for that marikpa, which is giving them all the pain.

[Speaker 2]
Yeah.

[Speaker 1]
So now we get the name of the book. He wrote Adelpha to the Dzu, right Stanley?

[Speaker 2]
Yeah.

[Speaker 1]
I woke up Stanley.

[Speaker 2]
Yeah, he wrote a commentary to Stanley's book, the Abhidharmakosha by his teacher.

[Speaker 1]
He wrote a book, he wrote a commentary on the Kosha.

[Speaker 2]
Yeah.

[Speaker 1]
He also wrote a commentary to the Yanten Thayepa Therpa, the praise of the Buddha because he has infinite good qualities, okay? So that's some kind of sutra, and he wrote a commentary to that, okay? But most importantly, he wrote Mikpa Thakpa.

[Speaker 2]
Mikpa Thakpa.

[Speaker 1]
So Thakpa means an examination. Okay. Of mikpas.

[Speaker 2]
Of objects seen?

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, and I went and studied the question because I wasn't sure which mikpa he was talking about.

[Speaker 2]
Yeah.

[Speaker 1]
And it is correct that the title is an examination of the objects of perception. Okay. Et cetera.

He wrote dentures.

[Speaker 2]
Okay, classical texts up on that.

[Speaker 1]
Torbua means a whole range, like an incredible potpourri. It means potpourri, exactly.

[Speaker 2]
Yeah.

[Speaker 1]
Okay. Potpourri. He wrote a whole chocolate box selection of shastras, okay?

Shastras, sorry. Sam means he composed, right? Gyatsa means literally a collection of a hundred.

For example, you guys in ACI course 14, all of those books came from Lojong Gyatsa. Okay. And it's just another way to say a compendium, okay?

It doesn't mean exactly a hundred, okay?

[Speaker 2]
Okay.

[Speaker 1]
It just means a lot, okay? So he wrote a big collection of books and there's three of them, okay? Great.

Yay. I went and looked up how the praise starts, who he's praising, and it was the Buddha, okay? Thamjhikamma.

I wanted to see what's the mikpa and mikpatakpa. And, you know, here's Gungtang says it's all objects, okay? Sungkyun, objects of perception.

And by the way, his mikpatakpa, which is a seminal word, is extremely short. So it really is a total, torpu sometimes means might, not miscellaneous, but smaller, shorter works. Sometimes more important, but shorter, okay?

So you gotta be careful. Don't do this scholarly people's thing where they say it's a miscellaneous work when it's one of the most important books in history, okay?

[Speaker 2]
Okay, so torpu also has an implication of it being a smaller work?

[Speaker 1]
It's always shorter, often shorter. But sungtorpu, like for Tsongkhapa, I think it's 157 works. And one of them is Lamsang Lamsang, which is one of the most important books ever written.

So just because they're short, they shouldn't be translated as miscellaneous.

[Speaker 2]
So do we have a bunch of little baby Dignaga works hunked together somewhere in the Tenggir?

[Speaker 1]
Hey, just ask and you shall receive. Here it is. Cool.

Okay. I went and got you some of his books, okay?

[Speaker 2]
You're hired.

[Speaker 1]
So here's his commentary to the Adamukarsa, okay? Here's his commentary to the Endless Good Qualities. Oh, sorry, there's the original.

Okay. Okay.

[Speaker 2]
Okay, and then the commentary.

[Speaker 1]
It's a Tenggir work, by the way, it's not a sequence. Then here's his commentary to that.

[Speaker 2]
Okay.

[Speaker 1]
So these are all gonna be in your footnote. For sure. Now this is an- The other Dignaga on- No, boss, this'll- These are from the Tohoku catalog, right?

[Speaker 2]
And then this'll be an interesting example of books that are, right, that we haven't cited, like we haven't quoted them, but they appear in the bibliography even though we're not quoting from them.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, and by the way, Nick, if we can update, if I can supply you all the latest books we've finished and we can make another compendium of bibliography entries, that saved me an intense amount of time. It saved me 100 hours or something that I had all the old bibliographies, okay? Yeah, we'll start a new one this term.

Unfortunately, some of them are, what do you call it?

[Speaker 2]
Wrong.

[Speaker 1]
Well, they were not done by me and they're wrong and they're all mixed up. So I'll give you the official, I gotta be careful. I caught it and I said, oh my God, somebody's not wrong.

And so we're gonna have to use it with care, but it still saves a huge amount of time. Okay, here's Migbethakpa. Look how long it is, Ben.

It goes from line one to line five on the same page. Those are lines, that's cool, I didn't know that. This is Tohoku, yeah.

A means front side. Yeah. And one means a long line in Tengu, okay?

Got it. Yeah, so there's all those, here's a commentary on that by himself, an auto-commentary, okay? And here's his examination of the three times, which is a very sexy book.

We should translate that someday, it's only a page.

[Speaker 2]
That's all in the same section. Does this have, you have Tohoku numbers there, or is this a part of a greater, is there one Tohoku number for the collection?

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, when it says N-O, that's a new Tohoku number.

[Speaker 2]
Okay, okay.

[Speaker 1]
So you can have a little list. This is a very famous chart that he made of logical syllogisms. Ow, it's difficult to carve.

And Rinpoche worked on that. Okay, here we go. Please continue.

It's getting sexy, okay, you guys? It's gonna get exciting, more exciting. Segei looks really exciting, I can tell.

By the way, Kat, thanks for the thing about Jerry, that's wonderful news.

[Speaker 2]
TAO TUNGKUM DESHONA CHANTING CHANTING CHANTING CHANTING CHANTING Ngola Do Telgi.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, so Ngola Do Telgi always spoke to toa. And this toa is a verb that they use in the word miscellaneous, but it also means for a bomb to explode. And it means to be scattered all over the place, OK?

So, he decided that his books were too spread out all over the place. So, he decided to kumle tupa them.

[Speaker 2]
Kyle them, yeah.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, we call it the compendium. By the way, there's two famous compendiums. Three.

You got to make sure you're in the right one.

[Speaker 3]
Yeah.

[Speaker 1]
The Abhidharma compendium is a Sangha. The Sutra compendium is either Atisha or Nagarjuna. And the compendium for Tsema is Dignaga.

Okay? So, he decided chiktu dupa. He decided to put them all...

He decided to write one master work. Okay? Okay, good.

To put them all together. Sammo gong. He gonged.

I'm going to come.

[Speaker 2]
He understood.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, he thought to himself. You know, I should put them all together in one major work. So, he went to a pukh named Chokyi Lambo.

[Speaker 2]
A cave, apparently, called Dignaga.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah. So, you know, oftentimes these caves get named from the shape of the mountain they're on or something. So, maybe it looked like one of the sentinel elephants.

And that seems to be how he got his name. Okay? He went to a cave at Dignaga Mountain.

[Speaker 2]
Yeah.

[Speaker 1]
And... Okay. And...

And... On the side of the cave, okay? Chokyi Lambo means on the...

I should take out Craig here. This Lambo means side or on the surface of the cave. He wrote something with dotel.

[Speaker 2]
Apparently, it's chalk.

[Speaker 1]
With chalk, yeah. So, he decided to start his famous classic on the side of the cave that he was meditating in. Okay?

Cool?

[Speaker 2]
Yeah.

[Speaker 1]
Here we go.

[Speaker 2]
Yeah.

[Speaker 1]
By the way, here's the discussion of the eight elephants in Monier Williams. Oh, cool. If you're interested.

Okay. Great. And let's try to finish this verse here.

[Speaker 2]
Sweet. Yeah. And...

Okay.

[Speaker 1]
And the first two lines here, we spend... The Winter Debates, we spend a whole month on these two lines. It's very, very, very famous, okay?

This book is so famous that it's named Semadol.

[Speaker 2]
I'm sorry, this note is so famous?

[Speaker 1]
Which means what?

[Speaker 2]
No, this book. Oh, the book, okay. It's called the Sutra on Accurate Perception.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, it's similar to Vinaya Sutra, which is not a...

[Speaker 2]
Sutra.

[Speaker 1]
Sutra, okay. It's just a great book on Vinaya, written by a non-Buddha. And so when you see Semadol in Tibetan, you know they're talking about Dignaga's seminal work, the compendium on...

Who's barking? Nick? I was Juru letting us know that we're out of time.

[Speaker 2]
That's all right, Nick, stop barking.

[Speaker 1]
Come on. I'm going to translate this. We got one more minute, Nick.

Semadol Gyurpa, there's one being in the universe who is totally similar.

[Speaker 2]
Yeah, he became correct.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, the Buddha.

[Speaker 2]
Yeah.

[Speaker 1]
And he likes the Pemba drawers.

[Speaker 2]
He likes to work for the benefit of beings. He's the Pemba. He's the teacher.

[Speaker 1]
He's the Dechen Shekpa.

[Speaker 2]
He's the guy who goes...

[Speaker 1]
Well, he's the Kyop of all living beings.

[Speaker 2]
He's the protector of all beings. I bow to him.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah. I choke on him, okay?

[Speaker 2]
Yeah.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, and then to establish the science of logic, Semadol, and to collect together all the books I ever wrote, Ranggishu and Kunle today, I'm going to take all my Natsal turbos, all those scattered books, yeah, and I'm going to chik-chan.

[Speaker 2]
Chik-chan, like unify them.

[Speaker 1]
Good, exactly. I'm going to put them into one, okay? Now, we're going to stop there, but I got to tell you guys, something magical happens to this chalk, okay?

And you have to tune in next time.

[Speaker 2]
I'll try to translate it.

[Speaker 1]
Okay, it's hard. Well, and I'll do it wrong. By the way, here's a bunch of commentaries.

[Speaker 2]
It's okay.

[Speaker 1]
Here's a bunch of commentaries on that, by the way.

[Speaker 2]
Okay.

[Speaker 1]
I gave you a bunch of commentaries on that famous lines, just for fun, you don't have to translate them. Gelser Jay wrote a commentary, but if you have time to get some pages of commentaries. Yeah, you could take a shot at this one, okay?

[Speaker 2]
Okay.

[Speaker 1]
You could take a shot, okay? Yeah, sure. It is hard.

[Speaker 2]
Okay, thanks for the notes. I'm very happy to be told absolutely not.

[Speaker 1]
But I'll give you something even better.

[Speaker 2]
Uh-oh.

[Speaker 1]
Start it from here. I'll put some dollar signs. Sorry, those number signs, okay?

Try this sentence, because this is the crucial one. And you don't have any help from me here.

[Speaker 2]
Okay. Okay. All right, so from local and down.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, and if you're feeling, if you don't have enough time, stop at these dollar signs. If you have more time, go down to here and you'll have a lot of fun.

[Speaker 2]
Okay, and I'm not gonna stress too much about I don't know what happened in between.

[Speaker 1]
No, don't worry about it. Okay. You don't need it.

[Speaker 2]
For the sake of our discussion, I'm gonna imagine this is what happens next.

[Speaker 1]
Okay, yeah, good.

[Speaker 2]
Okay.

[Speaker 1]
It's very cute and very fun. If you can figure it out, you'll be laughing. Ezra will be happy.

[Speaker 2]
Can I ask a technical thing that involves Tim, if you're nearby, about, we have gone back and forth about whether or not it's really nice for us to have our cameras on and I think it's healthy for us. And also, is it impacting, is it my computer or is it, are we impacting Geshe-la's internet speed and?

[Speaker 3]
No, no, it's not impacting him. I was gonna ask him to restart his computer between, in the break, because it might help me a little bit.

[Speaker 1]
Oh, I haven't had any problems, but I'm happy to restart. Start it, Tim, if you want me to.

[Speaker 2]
I think we're having a hard time hearing you. You're pretty choppy from our side of the line.

[Speaker 1]
Does that matter? Does that sound good? There were a couple times- Your internet was breaking up, Dan.

[Speaker 2]
It seemed like it was lag, if it's possible, but we got through it all. I'm very happy with the class, but yeah.

[Speaker 1]
I'll restart my computer, okay?

[Speaker 2]
Good idea. Thank you, boss. Amazing class, I'm so excited.

Oh, it's just delightful.