Адам Андраде — Книга 2: Логика. Рассеивая тьму, занятие 37

[Speaker 3]
Huh, got it. Bhavya, thanks for doing all the snacks. That's amazing.

We're really grateful for your help.

[Speaker 1]
You're the best.

[Speaker 3]
There are snacks?

[Speaker 1]
Of course there were snacks. We had them placed in your mailbox every morning.

[Speaker 3]
Uh-oh. Just kidding. Who has time to go check the mailbox?

[Speaker 1]
Exactly.

[Speaker 3]
Seriously, I've not been to the mailbox in quite a while.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, I know. Ours is like, you have to walk off the property. Me too.

Oh, yeah. It's just ridiculous.

[Speaker 3]
Hey, boss. Yay. Nice tie.

[Speaker 1]
Oh, I found a lot of my suits downstairs. I had to travel. I only had two or three at home.

I kept recycling. Yeah, yeah. I think I haven't had a good dry cleaning since before COVID.

Don't post confessions online. Yeah, I know. I was considering that one, but I figured it was worth the laugh.

[Speaker 3]
Yay.

[Speaker 1]
Adam's up. All right. Oh, and we still have one minute.

We still have one minute. That's right.

[Speaker 3]
How are you feeling, Adam?

[Speaker 1]
You know, still about the same. Yeah, it's been going on for a couple weeks too. Yeah, it comes and goes.

Ava had something pretty bad for a couple weeks too. I think that's where I picked it up. Yeah, it's just various times of the day.

I have to stay kind of close to the bathroom. So what would happen as a logical consequence of saying- Adam, I'm sorry. We got to do something important here.

Are we going to see Ava? The latest Ava update.

[Speaker 3]
Yay.

[Speaker 1]
Oh my gosh. Cotton candy. She's a butterfly.

And her father didn't send any to Grandpa. What? Yeah.

Okay, back to you, Adam. Okay. So what would happen as a logical consequence of saying that, quote, coffee cup only covers present coffee cups and doesn't cover past and future coffee cups?

Rob Hardy says you couldn't drink out of it.

[Speaker 3]
Well, you can't drink out of it anyway. Uh-oh. Not a quote unquote coffee cup.

Right.

[Speaker 1]
You can. But if it's an archetype, then it doesn't change. And if it doesn't change, then you can't.

Yeah. So if we consider the category coffee cup to only cover present coffee cups in a coffee cup but have no link to its past and future components. So if the past and future aspects of objects aren't linked with their present state, then we'd have no way of referencing their past or future instances.

How does KJJ use the topics of names, words, and letters to aid in his analysis of wrong synergy? Part of it's breaking things down into their smallest parts, like the word is like an atom, it gets irreducible, but there's more to that. Yeah.

Yeah, totally. How would that parallel? Can you give us the same explanation, but paralleling the reasoning that we used to prove that time, or excuse me, that mental things and things of substance have to be made up of smallest indivisible parts?

Not really. I remember it had to do with the atoms for the physical things, but that's it. Yeah, totally.

So it's just the same reasoning. So words in the same way have to abide by the same ruling. If words are made of...

Well, here, I'll tell you what. So names, words, and letters are similar to partless atoms and indivisible moments because they're composed of smaller individual elements. And in the same way, names, words, and letters are all comprised of discrete pieces, which makes them conceptual because you have to assemble them to get meaning.

So that's kind of what I was looking for. And it's the same. So what does Kejap Jai say we should stop doing if something is Rakpa Dandyun Yina?

[Speaker 3]
I have an idea, but I'll let other people go. Can we talk about what Rakpa Dandyun Yina means first and then let us take a swing? Rough and continuous or something?

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, totally, totally. So rough, I took to mean substance or substantial. And Dandyun means to belong, obviously, to part of a stream or a continuum.

[Speaker 3]
We should stop talking about the cupids, say.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, yeah, exactly. Thank you. As Kejap said, if something is rough or a continuous stream, then we shouldn't accept it as substantial.

Because it would be like a chitsan, right? Yeah. And if it was rough, it means it includes many parts.

And if it's a stream, it includes many parts. And then for it to be united, there would have to be a concept and not the actual thing. And then it becomes a concept and not a real cup in the world.

[Speaker 3]
It's really hard to see how he hasn't painted himself into a corner about how to establish anything as being real in this school.

[Speaker 1]
It's coming, this class. Great. That's a good way to say it.

He's working hard to paint himself into a corner, I think. Yeah. And here, this was your vocab.

Done. Let's see our translation. Can you make it bigger for grandpa?

Yeah. Can you read, Adam, just one paragraph, just so we make sure you didn't forget how to read, and then you can pick on other people. Yeah.

Yeah, let's say, some say, even though continuous stream, can say, say true. No, again, they want to go by. Listen, Adam, and tell me what it says.

They want to go by that again, could be dead. They want to deny the fact that a continuum can be established substantially. Yeah, they want to say that something that continues over more than a millisecond can no longer be solid, or real, okay?

Then it becomes conceptual, because you can only experience the present instant. So if a thing goes on for more than a millisecond, it's conceptual, in this school, and then it's not a real cup anymore, it's an idea of a cup, okay? If it stretches over time, it has to be the idea of a cup and not a cup.

And the idea of a cup in this school is unchanging, which means you couldn't drink out of it. I'll say it again. If you consider a cup over three seconds, you have to make a pretend cup that covers past, present, and future, because the past one and the future one aren't there anymore, or weren't there yet.

So as soon as you talk about the flow of a cup, you have to be talking about a concept, and not what they say is a real cup, because a real cup has to be of the current millisecond. Otherwise you're conceiving, your conception is grouping three instants together, and that becomes the idea of a cup, and it's no longer a cup that you can drink out of. Okay, cool.

So they say, here's our refutation. That a stream could exist substantially, meaning as a real cup in the world. Something that streams over more than one millisecond is a concept, and it's not a real cup anymore.

And here we go. korang la yipay kye chek na chi nam Yeah, it's successive moments. Is it something which is substantially its successive moment?

Is the cup of the moment before, the present moment, and the moment in the future? Is the cup of the past millisecond a cup anymore? Is the cup of the present moment and the cup of the future millisecond a cup?

No. Okay. zey chik gam thagpay chey tar na gong dang sung so ma shen ma sing Same logic that we gave for atoms.

[Speaker 3]
Recording in progress.

[Speaker 1]
It's the same logic. When you guys are done, let me know. Good?

Okay, now I forgot what I was saying. Anyway, if something is more than one atom, it's a concept, because you're gluing the atoms together. So a cup, when you talk about a real cup, you've got to be down to the atoms of the cup.

When you talk about a real cup in time, you've got to only consider the present instant of the cup. The rest of those things are concepts. A cup that you name on millions of atoms of cup is a concept.

And that cannot hold coffee. gong dang sung so ma shen ma sing They would say that. ngopo yin na tatarwa yin gupah dang Oh yeah, yeah.

If something is a working thing, it must exist in the present moment. What do you guys think about that? Yeah, in their school.

Yeah, in their school, yin gupah dang. Okay, bumpa shi duk ngopo min I had trouble with this, Adam, and I had an insight into it today by accident. What if you read bumpa shi duk as an equational sentence?

Like Rebecca director. That's called an equational sentence in Sanskrit and Tibetan. Rebecca director.

And then you don't have to say is in Tibetan or Sanskrit, okay? That's called an equational sentence. Blank equals blank and you don't have to write is.

You just say Rebecca director, okay? So you can translate bumpa shi duk as the fact that a coffee cup exists, okay? The fact that a coffee cup exists.

Does this second school of classical Buddhism accept an idea called the fact that the cup exists? Yeah. Is that a changing thing?

No. Could that do anything? No, good, nice.

Ronit's on it. She's listening. And thank you.

All right, yeah. So bumpa shi duk, Adam, if we read it as the fact that the cup exists, okay? The fact that the cup exists.

Is that a ngopo or not a ngopo? It's not a ngopo. Yeah, it's not a ngopo and that's what this sentence says.

The fact that bumpa shi duk comma ngopo mayin. That's not. Why did I say Rebecca director, by the way?

[Speaker 3]
Yeah, what did she direct? Tell us.

[Speaker 1]
Okay, I'm about to tell you. Thank you, Ben Kramer, for setting me up. Rebecca for about seven, eight years?

Rebecca, how long?

[Speaker 3]
No.

[Speaker 1]
Ten years.

[Speaker 3]
2004. For? 19 years.

[Speaker 1]
19 years. She has been the director of our overseas language study program. And for example, Ben Kramer went to that and that's why he's a genius.

And Adam Andrade went to that and that's why he's a genius. And you get actual immersion in the language overseas. And you learn to speak, you learn to debate.

And your whole brain changes. It seems to also have some kind of fertility effects. So, just kidding, just kidding.

Don't worry about that. But if you're interested in participating in the overseas immersion program in person, learning these languages where they actually exist, I'll show you the QR code shortly. Maybe during the break, okay?

I'll show you the QR code during the 20-minute break. Whoever has the code, you can send it to Gina and she can put it up. Okay, Nick, remind me at the end of the class, I have an idea about future classes.

Okay, wait, wait, wait, we didn't finish the whole thing. We got one more idea in there. How about suksokyang jese magdu?

What's that, Adam? Things that appear as a coffee cup. Physical form that's appearing as a coffee cup is not such, it doesn't exist substantially, I guess is what we say.

It cannot be established as substantially existing. Yeah, that's a little tougher. The physicality, I would read it like the physicality of a coffee cup.

The physicality of a coffee cup. Does that exist substantially? And my answer would be physicality is another concept, and therefore it cannot be, you can't pick up physicality.

You can pick up something that's physical, but you cannot pick up the fact of physicality. I think that's what he's talking about here. All right, let's go to the next one, Adam.

You can pick on somebody before she's real.

[Speaker 3]
Can I ask, boss, does Shih Tzu also kind of have like a connotation of being like established by logic almost, so that like when you look at the bubbath through the mode of jepak tsema, that the one that you're looking at then is unchanging?

[Speaker 1]
I mean, I usually don't think of it that way, but I think it's a valid comment that the word established as reality is a synonym in Buddhism for existence. And as we know, the function of pramana is to establish that things exist. And direct perception is used for establishing changing things, and indirect perception or logic is used for establishing concepts or unchanging things.

Okay, I think you could say that. That's fine. What's the Beach Boys song with 404?

Everyone's too young. Oh, she's real fine. Okay, let's go to 404.

That was the horsepower of their car. Never mind. Hey, I got the same blank looks that I get during words text.

All right, Adam, your turn. Oh, who's you're gonna pick on? Zoe pulled up.

Is Zoe here? Can you hear us? About Eleanor?

Or Zoe, here we are. Hi, Zoe. Hello, teachers.

[Speaker 3]
Are you calling me?

[Speaker 1]
Yes, I can hear you.

[Speaker 3]
Okay, maybe a little noisy.

[Speaker 1]
Hey, Adam, don't forget to follow with your curriculum.

[Speaker 3]
Sorry.

[Speaker 1]
We're at 404 here. She's real.

[Speaker 3]
Bri Pena. Jack Park.

[Speaker 1]
Okay, Chick.

[Speaker 3]
Park Chi. Chuck Matt Tang. Chuck Matt Ying Chet.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah.

[Speaker 3]
Lynn Deppner.

[Speaker 1]
Nice. Yeah, let's read Adam's translation. If someone were to ask, what is the classical example of a working thing?

I'll answer with this. If it is something which is mental, in the sense of being made up of individual moments, and it is something which is made up of... Okay, good.

Yeah, and you got to get the sense of it. They're trying to distinguish between the idea of a coffee cup and the real coffee cup. But if you go that way, you have to go down to the atoms of the coffee cup, because anything more than that is conceptual.

Anything more than that is a decision to how many atoms you're going to call coffee cup. And in time, anything more than a millisecond of perceiving the coffee cup, a millisecond's perception of the coffee cup is the only real coffee cup. And if you talk about the coffee cup from 801 to 802, you're already talking about an idea and no longer a coffee cup.

What's holding the coffee actually is the present millisecond of coffee cup and nothing more. Okay, that's his position. And these are all extreme consequences of thinking that things are self-existent.

If you are second school and you believe that things have some kind of concrete existence, you have to go down to the milliseconds or the atoms. And it's very similar for the Abhidharma idea of ultimate reality. Dhun Dham Djempa in the Abhidharma system is anything that you don't have to...

Anything that is irreducible mentally is ultimate reality, like atoms or like partless moments of time and stuff like that. So in these two lower schools, you have this common theme that to be real, you have to get down to the atoms or the milliseconds. And that's extremely similar to science.

Okay. And it has the same problems that science has, like you blow up the world. Okay.

She's real fine, my... No. She's real fine, my 405.

405. Adam, who's up? Somebody else to help us.

We called on Eleanor. Eleanor, did you hear us last time? You there?

Yeah. Get worse when they call on. Okay, here we go.

Hi, Eleanor. We're at 405 here.

[Speaker 3]
Ka.

[Speaker 1]
Ke.

[Speaker 3]
Ke. Ar. Lo.

Ar. Fa. Ba.

Kar. Kik. Kik.

Di. Di. Lo.

Lo. Yang. Mar.

Ma. Ma. Ma.

Nu. Har. En.

En. Zook. Kar.

Kik.

[Speaker 1]
Kik. Char.

[Speaker 3]
Kitchen mate. Ying. Na.

Tang. Ngopo. Ying.

Kik. Kik. Ah.

Dark. Dark. Dark.

Par. Pa. Dark Pa.

Dark Pa. Ta. Tsum.

Kik. Zook. Zook.

Zook. Kik. Len.

[Speaker 1]
Len.

[Speaker 3]
Len. Bay. Bar.

Departure. Departure.

[Speaker 1]
Take. Yeah, thank you. Thanks, Eleanor.

Thank you. All right. Yay.

Okay. Some masters with delusions of grandeur. So, because you have the R on Kepa, Adam, you have to read it as some people who have the delusion that they are a Kepa.

Yeah, okay. Some people who have delusion that they are great philosophers, they say, they don't even want to say as much as the guy before said. The guy before said that to be a real functioning thing you have to get down to the atoms and the moments.

Okay. They don't even know enough to say that. So, they say, BUM GZUGS SKAD CIG BYA MA YIN NA It says something is the individual moments of what is pure as a coffee cup.

Okay. That's impossible. They say something's only a working thing when you get down to the milliseconds of visual form.

Or you can say physical form. Okay. So, they don't want to talk about time much.

Because you get in trouble when you talk about time. When you try to isolate a single millisecond of time, it's difficult to talk about it did something. Because there wasn't time for it to do anything.

So, BUM GZUGS... He says, let's forget about the time thing. Let's go to the physical thing.

BUM GZUGS SKAD CIG A single millisecond of the... A single moment of the physical part of the coffee cup. Okay.

If it doesn't have those tiny parts, it cannot be a DNGOS PO. It's the shortest instance of a cup's existence physically that allow it to do something. Only when you get down to the atoms that can do something in a millisecond can you find the real cup.

Because the cup of the moment... The millisecond before doesn't exist anymore. And the cup of the millisecond after hasn't come yet.

So, those two don't exist anymore. So, the only real cup is the present millisecond. And that's the one that's holding the coffee.

Only the present millisecond can do something. They say, okay? And then he says, but they have to say that theoretically.

Okay? Why? You guys know that now.

It means they have to say that theoretically. Why? Because no one can observe something doing something in a true millisecond.

One sixty-fifth of a second. Nobody can actually observe that. So, they say the only real coffee cup is the one that's functioning.

The only one that's really functioning is the one in the current millisecond. Because the one of the next millisecond hasn't come yet. And the one of the past millisecond doesn't exist anymore.

How could you say it holds coffee? Okay? So, it's only the coffee cup of the current millisecond, one sixty-fifth of a second, that's doing something.

But it's unobservable. So, we have to say it's theoretical. These guys, and they think they're super, you know, they're like, wow, we really got it.

Okay? Okay? Len Depardieu, they give us an answer about what's the real cup, but they couch it in language like saying, look, we can't show you the reality of it, but logically, this is the only possibility.

Nobody can observe it, but logically it's the only possibility. They say, in theory, only the tiniest millisecond of a cup is holding coffee. And once you go past one millisecond, that becomes a concept and it can't do anything anymore.

Because you're uniting two milliseconds under a concept. All right. Cool?

Then you're talking about a concept. Okay. All right.

All right. She's real sick, my 406. Wait, what happened?

Oh, that's all. Dang, we have to go here. Okay.

406, right, Adam?

[Speaker 3]
Yeah.

[Speaker 1]
Oh, this one is hot. Maybe we break it up, Adam. I'll break it up and put it back together, okay?

Okay. Let's have someone do that much. You decide.

Let me find somebody here. Elena?

[Speaker 3]
Elena? Let's see. Natalia?

Is Natalia here? Lindsey?

[Speaker 1]
I know Lindsey's already, she's always- I talk a lot. Thank you. Yeah, whether you're talking about smallest instance or whether you're talking about smallest atoms, both of those guys, nyi ka, in the end they'll have to say that the coffee cup and any working thing is a composite.

Okay? Chi tsen, it's a group. Because you can't observe anything doing anything in a single millisecond.

Something has to change. You can't say something did something if something doesn't change, right? You can't say my friend built a beautiful garden if there wasn't raw dirt in the beginning and beautiful flowers later.

You see what I mean? You can't say somebody worked or did something unless there's two different things. The way it was before they worked and the way it was after they worked.

Okay, got it? So, both of those guys, in the end, are going to have to say that functioning things and coffee cups are concepts. They can't get out of it.

And that's impossible because concepts don't change. So, either position you take about the partless moments or about the partless atoms, either way you go, the only way you can say is that it's a composite. It's a composite of moments or it's a composite of atoms.

Otherwise, you don't get to a thing. So, they end up having to say this ridiculous thing that both functioning things and coffee cups are concepts. They are concepts.

Chitsen. Okay? They are archetypes.

They are unchanging mental archetypes. Okay? They have to end up saying that.

Okay? Now, who's writing this book? Adam or Ketubje?

I think he was hanging out with Gyaltsabje too long. Why would I say something like that?

[Speaker 3]
He's going to say something nasty here.

[Speaker 1]
Gyaltsabje is the master of sarcasm. But I think Ketubje was his student in sarcasm. Okay.

Who's up next, Adam? Let's see. Can I have a volunteer from somebody there at the college?

Ah, no. Oh, that's never going to happen, Mr. Andrade. I'll give you a minute.

How about I just show you everybody? See if I can do it.

[Speaker 3]
That's nice. That's fun. These little quarter of an inch heads.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, it's a shame.

[Speaker 3]
Oh, there's Gyaltsabje, Venerable Jigme, Rosa.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, there we go. My cards are sitting off to the right.

[Speaker 3]
Gyaltsabje, Connie, John Brady, Rebecca, Dennis.

[Speaker 1]
There's Gyaltsabje falling asleep in the back. Okay. Who do you want, Adam?

Well, yeah, I got some ideas here. Let's go with Juan. Hey, Juan, can you help us?

Hey, Gyaltsabje, come on, come on, come on, come on. Don't take too long. We don't have much time.

Um, here we go. Please start here.

[Speaker 2]
Perna, Perna, Perna, Lula, Chungu, Lula. What happened? Ah, it's Yugo, Yugo, Yugo, yes.

Nu, Ching, ah, Ching, Chimpa, Chimpa Shakpe. Chingte, me, ma, mawapo, mawapo, Rangwang Meparechepele.

[Speaker 1]
Good. For example, what's a Yugo? What's a danda, you guys?

Danda in Sanskrit. Stick. A stick.

So, Yugo is the Tibetan for stick. And if you lay it on somebody's li.

[Speaker 2]
Body.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, nun means to strike them with a stick on their body. Or if you put a Shakpa around their din. Ching?

[Speaker 2]
Ching?

[Speaker 1]
Din means voice, neck. Yeah, if you put a hangman's noose around their neck, okay? And you tie them up, ching.

Mm-hmm. Then sometimes, as you're choking somebody, they go, ah, ah, ah, ah. Or when you hit them, they go, ah, ah, ah, ah.

Okay, don't forget this example, okay? Some people, when you hit them with a stick, they go, ah, ah, ah, ah. Some people, when you choke them with a rope, they go, ah, ah, ah, ah.

I can't get it. I think he better read the next one too, Adam, because he's got... How could you let him stop now?

That sounds great. Thank you, Yuan. What do you mind?

Yeah, yeah, yeah. Khebu? Khebu?

Wait, you got the cursor. I'm taking it. I'm having my...

[Speaker 2]
Okay.

[Speaker 1]
Chai.

[Speaker 2]
Khebu ngarmay... Dharma. Dharma.

[Speaker 1]
Dharma, yeah.

[Speaker 2]
Dharma? Dharma or dharmay? Dharmay, actually.

Ah, okay. Yeah. Khebu ngarmay ngang sul chen tak gi tsikitrengwa chung gyel du mawatar.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, especially if you hit somebody with a stick or you choke them with a noose. Noose means the hangman thing. Dharma means a coward.

It's the opposite of a hero, okay? Then if the person is a dharma... And by the way, that was an extremely difficult correction, and you owe me for that.

Those dharma type people... Not dharma, right? Those dharma type people...

Tsikitrengwa means a... What's trengwa?

[Speaker 3]
Garland?

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, a garland. Tsikitrengwa means a line of words. Like a string of words.

A string of words. Chung gyel du means all of a sudden, whoop! Like that.

Chung gyel means whoop! So what's he saying? If you hit them with a stick...

Those cowards, they'll be...

[Speaker 3]
Oh, I didn't do it. I don't know what you're doing. I don't know if you're going to hit me anymore.

I don't know him. I don't know anything.

[Speaker 1]
Okay, they'll just start bobbing whatever comes to mind. Don't hit me with a stick anymore, I'm so sorry. Okay, got it?

Or you're hanging. They're like, I didn't do it. I didn't do it.

Okay, they'll start blabbering anything. Okay, do you understand what's coming? No, okay.

Let's let Hasso finish it, Adam. What do you think? Yeah, yeah, thank you, Hasso.

Can you please do the cursor? You owe me for that one, too.

[Speaker 3]
War?

[Speaker 2]
War. Oh, yeah. Yeah.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, jaupa me, the stuff they come out with as they're being hung in the last moments of being hung, or while you're hitting them with a baseball bat, what they say is jaupa me pa. All disconnected. Totally disconnected.

Has nothing to do with anything. Oh, my mama. I don't know.

And just random, random utterances of a person who's dying. Okay. And everything they say will be jaua.

Contradictory. Totally contradictory. They'll say anything, you know.

They want to get the robot. And there won't be any nyingpo at all. Essence?

Yeah, I mean, what they say won't have any real meaning at all. Okay, tsikki. It's just buas.

Bubbles? Bubbles. Bubbles.

Yeah, it's just bubbles coming out of their mouth. Okay. I'm doing a good job on this, am I?

[Speaker 2]
Very good.

[Speaker 1]
Okay, thanks. You would have to look hard to find even a little bit of nyingdun. To get any sense.

Ro, to get the slightest sense of any kind of meaning out of this dying bubbles. You'd have to work hard to find anything that makes any sense. Now, do you know what he's saying?

Yeah. Yeah, if you say there's a functioning thing which is conceptual, you're just like those guys that you hit with a stick and they go, ooh, ah, ee, ah. And what you're saying makes as much sense as what they say.

Okay. But he spent a whole paragraph on it. Okay.

Got it? By the way, there's a thing called parkab kitsik che, word. Parkab kitsik che.

An interstitial verse. Yeah, sometimes in a difficult work, they'll have a little poem in the middle. And you take a mental break.

And I think this is what he's doing here. He's trying to get us to laugh to see how many people are asleep. All right.

Jalpa is acceptable. Because maybe it had a D on the old one, yeah. Okay.

Good question. Good question. Okay.

Who's next? Adam, do you want to choose somebody? Or you want to have Hasso choose somebody?

Or what do you want to do? You know, I like that system. Hasso, would you mind choosing somebody for us?

Sure.

[Speaker 2]
Then they hate him and not you. What about Dennis?

[Speaker 1]
Whoa, Dennis! Yay! Thank you.

Thank you. Uh, what's that dog's name? Merlin?

Marlin. Malibu. Malibu?

Malibu. You don't want to call him Malibu? All right, okay.

You got the cursor. Don't be shy. She might read better than me.

I know.

[Speaker 2]
Duh. Adam, you're correcting. San.

Sog, da, ze, ze, su, ma, grub, bar, dod, pey, chok, chok, gag, to.

[Speaker 1]
Yay! Okay, uh, let's gapa these guys, da, da means hey, now, let's gapa these guys, Adam, what's that mean? Let's refute with it, yeah, let's refute that.

Yeah, let's, let's blow these guys away, alright, uh, now, uh, we're gonna have two, we're gonna, we're gonna, we're gonna stop them in two different ways. Number one, we're gonna prove that if something is a ngopo, well, let's say it this way, it's not true, that it's not true, that if something is a functioning thing, it must be rangchen, a real thing in the world, a real thing in the world, okay? Is it true if something is a functioning thing, it has to be a real thing in the world and not conceptual?

It is true, it's true, okay? He says that's not necessarily true, and we're gonna prove that he's wrong, okay, which means it is necessarily true. If something does something, it has to be a real thing in the world, it cannot be an archetype or an idea, okay, in this school, okay, in this school, yeah.

I mean, if you get into the highest school, everything's okay. Okay, so that's the first, he's gonna stop the guy from thinking that it's not the case that if something's working, it has to be a real thing in the world. He thinks there's some exception, we say there's no exception.

Then ngopo sok dze sum ma dupa dupe, he's gonna say there is such a thing as a working thing which is not substantial, which is not made of atoms or moments of time or anything like that, okay? So we're gonna have two parts here. Here goes the first part.

Do you want Dennis to choose somebody else, or would you like to continue torturing him and seeing what noises come out? I think you did a good job last time, let's see.

[Speaker 3]
Good job.

[Speaker 1]
Dennis, do you mind helping again? Yeah. Cursor, cursor, cursor.

[Speaker 2]
I'd love to.

[Speaker 1]
I mean, you can cursor him also. Never mind.

[Speaker 2]
Cursor. Cursor. Cursor.

Cursor. Cursor. Cursor.

Cursor.

[Speaker 1]
Cursor.

[Speaker 3]
Cursor. Cursor.

[Speaker 1]
Cursor. Cursor.

[Speaker 3]
Cursor. Cursor. Cursor.

[Speaker 2]
Cursor. Cursor. way you say ma yo ah ah boom boom boom it's a bomb that you're talking about okay boom zin nyung sum se may sum yul yinpey chi tan yo sen yo pey Cheers!

[Speaker 3]
Yay!

[Speaker 1]
Okay. Here's first. Sheja Chodchen, Adam.

Consider all knowable things. Yeah, and then he says, look, there is a ngun sum tsemo. There is a direct actor perception.

Which can grasp as its object a chid-sen. Yeah, she grasps it as an object, a concept, or an archetype, a mental image. What do you guys think?

Can a direct perception, usually a sense perception, perceive a concept? Yeah, mainly. No, you cannot.

But we say, are you saying you can see a concept with your eyes? He says, why do you say that? And we say, because you said that there was a qi zhen, a conceptual thing, which could be perceived by the same perception that holds a vase or a coffee cup.

Now, the idea is this, you guys. In these arguments, in this term, in Adam's book, and listen, the guy's not crazy. He says, look, in the end, the only reality is atoms and milliseconds, and pieces of vowels, or pieces of consonants, clicks and whoos.

In the end, everything boils down to that. That means, any time you see a coffee cup, or any time you hear a sound, for example, you are actually seeing a group of things. And your mind is putting them together conceptually.

So he says, even when you see a coffee cup, with your direct perception, necessarily, you are seeing a concept. Because a coffee cup is a thing that covers many, many atoms, and somebody had to glue them together. Anything that's glued together is a concept.

Then he's required to say, therefore, that you can have a direct perception of a concept. You okay? You all right?

Okay? He's required to say that. Because he said the only real reality is the millisecond of existence, or an atom of existence.

Everything else is a concept. Put on atoms. Put on a group of atoms.

That's not bad, right? So he said, okay, then a coffee cup is a concept, right? And he says, well, I guess so.

All right, who's next, Adam? Dennis, you want to go for one more? Oh, you shouldn't have come to class.

I told you. It's a pretty big dinner coming. He had a cinnamon roll today and it affected his judgment.

Okay. Go ahead. Don't forget your cursor.

[Speaker 3]
The better I sit.

[Speaker 2]
Now to Adam. Ma-ru-ba-na.

[Speaker 1]
Ma-drup-na?

[Speaker 2]
Drup?

[Speaker 1]
Yeah.

[Speaker 2]
Ma-drup-na. Bum-ba.

[Speaker 1]
Bum-ba?

[Speaker 2]
Sin-yin-ba-wub.

[Speaker 1]
Bum-ba. I had a shot in my bum-ba just before class. Okay.

If you don't agree, the guy says, no, no, no, no, no, no. Coffee cups, that's... I'm sorry.

No, no, no, no. A... a...

No, no, no. No. It's not true that I'm looking at a concept when I look at a coffee cup, he says.

Then we say, okay, if you don't agree, then stop saying that vases are concepts. Put on atoms. Stop saying that, okay?

What's booming, Adam? To blow out or to spit out? It's used to, like, if you're going to blow on a horn or something.

Yeah. Okay, that's blowing a horn. Okay, and he says, I blew away your idea.

I blew you. I blew you away? Okay, I blew you away.

All right, let the poor young man choose somebody else, Adam. He's been a good sport. I think we'll give him pizza tonight.

Dennis, can you choose somebody else for us? Sure. Rebecca.

Thanks, Dennis.

[Speaker 3]
Thank you, Rebecca.

[Speaker 1]
Two minutes. There you go. Nick, did you go on the overseas study?

I don't remember. Yeah, yeah. Yeah, yeah.

All right, so if you guys want to be like Adam or Nick or Ben Kramer. Or Word. Or Word, talk to Rebecca.

It seems like the most amazing translators are all the ones who went for overseas immersion study, which is a good name for that.

[Speaker 3]
It is an excellent name.

[Speaker 1]
All right, okay, so please read. It's wonderful, and it supports them too. It supports Sarah.

Oh my gosh. All right, please read. Who's checking her?

Adam, come on. Yeah, tell them. Can you put the cursor under the...

[Speaker 3]
Yeah, sorry.

[Speaker 1]
Okay, good.

[Speaker 3]
Yeah, good.

[Speaker 1]
Kin at the end here means what, Adam? You get lots of kins. It's a problem.

It's problematic. Problems would arise. If you claim that a coffee cup is a concept because it has to cover a bunch of atoms, for example, then there's a lot of problems with that.

Here's my list. Number one, there would have to exist a ngun tsam sema. An accurate perception, a direct, accurate perception.

Which took as its object that it held, ja dun. Like a phrase or literal words? Yeah, or the meaning of a word.

Yeah, yeah. That's the first problem. A direct perception would have to understand a concept of a meaning of a word.

Okay, first of all. Then, the second problem is that ngun tsam sema... Yeah, direct.

Direct perception would have to involve tokpa without the S. With conceptions. Yeah, it would have to be conceptual.

Direct perception would have to be conceptual. There would have to be. And there would also have to be a jeypak tsam sema.

Yeah, a deductive perception. There would have to be a deduction which could perceive the actual cup. Deduction is always used for concepts.

It's never used for perceiving blue, yellow, cup, stuff like that. Then, according to your system, there would have to be a logical perception of an actual cup in the world. Direct perception.

Do we have any time, Nick? We are out of time. It's time for us to take a break.

Baby, baby, baby, you're out of time. Okay, I'll stop singing if you pay me. Stop here.

Is it June? You can sing all you want, but we'll pay you to stop. Whatever you need.

No, to keep finding me errors in our texts. All right. Congratulations, Adam.

Good job this time. Thank you. Yeah.

Okay. Say hi. Give a hug to my granddaughter.

Yeah, I know your stomach's not great, but thank you for sticking it up. Yeah, I just feel kind of queasy. Yeah, it's good.

Thank you. Yeah, thank you. It was really good.

I'll tell Avia to sit here. It's a really, really fun term. Thank you so much.

And to be a translator, you've got to kind of tough things out sometimes. All right. And Nicholas, how long do we have?

We have five minutes for this one. And I just want to make a quick announcement that we're getting very close to hitting that fundraising goal so that we get the $12,000 match. From DCI.

So I think we need $1,900 more. I know all of you guys have given, but if some of you were on the fence, it's a great time to make that donation to the Mixed Nuts because it gets doubled almost immediately. How much is left, Nick?

Another $1,900. If we make $1,900 matching, we will have made this in the last two days $36,000, I think. Yes, sir.

$36,000. Yeah. And if you guys don't give $1,900, we won't make it.

No pressure. I'll give an option for you guys. Today's special is, I mentioned before, for those of you who are studying Tibetan, that's amazing.

If you can do the live classes with Word, amazing. He's a great teacher. We also have a new education platform where you can subscribe to some video classes with Ben Kramer, which are really, really great classes, too.

And you can do them whenever you feel like it because they're recorded videos. And Ben's a good teacher, too, and he gives some really great tips on studying. There's a link right there.

It costs $50 for the class, but you get a class. So, can we consider that part of us making it to the additional $2,000, Geshe Michael? Hey, you're the el jefe.

Donate $50 here, and you get a class. Okay, and during half of the break, could Gina show the Overseas Immersion Study Program? Okay, thank you.

[Speaker 3]
Absolutely.

[Speaker 1]
All right. Okay, grandpa's going to take a trip. I'll see you in a while.

Thank you, sir. See you in a few.

[Speaker 3]
Five minutes, you guys.