Сугэн Ши — Книга 2: Колесо жизни (первый принцип и подразделения зависимости), занятие 38

[Speaker 3]
Oishii! Oishii! Oishii ramen!

Oishii!

[Speaker 1]
Pistachio milk. Oishii da yo!

[Speaker 3]
Oishii! Hai hai hai hai!

[Speaker 1]
Oishii da yo!

[Speaker 3]
Where are you guys? You are not in Singapore?

[Speaker 1]
Bali! Bali! Bali!

[Speaker 3]
Why are you going on vacation all the time?

[Speaker 1]
I'm not on vacation, I'm studying, I'm learning, I'm working, you know?

[Speaker 3]
Okay, okay, okay.

[Speaker 1]
It's good that we have Zoom.

[Speaker 3]
Yeah. Is there an honorific for mucus in English? Is there?

No, no.

[Speaker 1]
Ah, Geshe-la is in the college. Good morning, Catherine. Yeah, Bali, come, come, Veronica, come.

Morning, Dr. Kramer. Good afternoon.

[Speaker 3]
Good evening. Yeah, I would say evening, but all of the above. Good morning, good evening.

All times ahead as well. Yeah. Good afternoon, Mr. Balloon. That's been your background for two days. It's a week long. I get a week long.

It's Balloon Festival lasts a week. Everyone come visit. You still have a chance.

You're too busy. Hi, boss.

[Speaker 1]
Hola. If I'm the boss, I'm supposed to get paid the most, right? Okay, nice to meet you.

Hi, Geshe-la. Are you ready to suffer?

[Speaker 3]
I'm ready.

[Speaker 1]
Do I have to turn this thing up? I think you need to turn. Oh, I got to do this thing.

Yeah. Speakers, speakers are all right, microphones are all right. It should be fine.

Oh, sorry. Did I blow it? Probably.

Just kidding. Yeah, that's good right there, yeah. Hello, can you hear me okay, Sugeng?

Yes, perfectly. It's good? Perfectly.

[Speaker 3]
We can't hear you.

[Speaker 1]
Oh, you can hear me? Can you speak? We can't hear you.

[Speaker 3]
Oh, we can't hear Sugeng.

[Speaker 1]
Oh, I can try this thing.

[Speaker 3]
Oh, is that bad? Not your fault, Sugeng.

[Speaker 1]
Say again, it's bad?

[Speaker 3]
It's not your fault, Sugeng. Hello?

[Speaker 1]
Sugeng? Yes, can you hear me? Good?

All right. Yay. Yay.

All right. Yay. The donor people, does it take to turn on a computer?

All of it. All right. Good evening, everybody.

Good morning, everybody. Good afternoon, everybody. Hi, Stanley.

How's Kyoto?

[Speaker 3]
Magical, still magical.

[Speaker 1]
Did you guys rest yet? Did you get a rest?

[Speaker 3]
Well, we have this mixing up thing going on. Oh my God.

[Speaker 1]
That's too bad.

[Speaker 3]
No, we have been enjoying. We have been enjoying.

[Speaker 1]
I think you've been sleeping all the time. Okay, let's get to work. Sugeng is going to get impatient with me.

Hi, Shinten.

[Speaker 3]
He's in Bali with his beautiful wife.

[Speaker 1]
I know. You guys got to calm down on the soccer games there. Okay?

[Speaker 3]
That is in the wheel.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah. I mean, that's inside the wheel, Geshe-la.

[Speaker 3]
No, it's not.

[Speaker 1]
They had 100 people there yesterday.

[Speaker 3]
170.

[Speaker 1]
170 died of the soccer. Oh, God. Like from some kind of crowding?

[Speaker 3]
Yeah. Oh, yeah.

[Speaker 1]
I think Sugeng went to play and everybody went crazy. Really not me.

[Speaker 3]
We played Uno.

[Speaker 1]
We played Uno last night. I can't believe it. I don't know what's Uno.

Okay. All right. Let's get to work.

You don't get paid for nothing. Or maybe you do. Or maybe you get paid.

Never mind. We reached folio 10. We're going to finish this term.

We're going to finish misunderstanding. They go straight through the 12 links of the Wheel of Life. This is a very straightforward book.

This book is by Vasubandhu. You want to talk more about it, Sugeng? Just in case there's somebody new who's listening.

Okay. Can I also show off my... Yes.

You want me to stop sharing? Yes, please. All right.

Thanks to our Dr. Chan. It's Dr. Professor V.P. Chan now. Yeah.

He's different now. He's so special. I attempted to do the mind map, and it's kind of cool.

Let me show you the big picture first. This is the start of the book. This is the title.

No, no, no. This is the book. This is the title.

This part is the introduction to the sutra. Wow. And look at the left side.

This whole block on the left side, this is just the introduction. And if you look at... This is the introduction of the 12 links.

And then you look at this small box here. No. Oh, yeah.

This small box. No. In fact, this box, this is the introduction to link one alone.

Wow. This whole chunk, this box, starting from this top all the way to the bottom. This is just introduction to first link alone.

And then we just... And then this is on the 12 links. And the first principle is here.

Oh, yeah. The top part is first principle. And then now we are into the 12 links, and we are covering the first link here.

So basically, this book is talking about the first principle and dependence and arising. So in the introduction to the sutra, we discuss about... First, we talk about the title.

And then we talk about... Let me zoom in. We talk about a little bit of the sutra.

And then we talk about why the Buddha taught it. Wow. That's beautiful.

Yeah. Why the Buddha taught it. So it's kind of cool when I look at all these mind maps.

Oops. Authenticating. All right.

And then we went into the 12 links itself, starting with the first principle. Yeah, starting with the first principles. And then we talk about the introduction of the...

Oh, yeah. On the first principles, actually, it started from here. When we talk about the first principles, right?

So there's a debate whether... You can see the first principle is that if this happens, that happens. If this starts, that starts.

So we are saying that the first principle is like a sutra. The 12 divisions are like the details, like the commentary. And there is a debate here whether they are one explaining the other or one with this meaning.

And the second one is the other meaning. So Master Vasubandhu is actually telling us that, hey, both are the same. They are not explaining each other.

They are basically the same. In fact, they can stand on its own as well. So these are all the discussions, which is pretty cool.

And then, yeah, so that is the first principle. And then we went into the 12 divisions, the 12 divisions itself. And in the 12 divisions, we start with the introduction.

We talk about the link depends on the link, the coming link depends on the link before, and then the three defining characteristics of the 12 links. And then I love it that Master Vasubandhu also introduced some of these from Abhidhamma perspective, being a master of Abhidhamma. And we went into how the 12 links are related.

And what I love, Geshe-la, he mentioned that in the system of Abhidhamma, misunderstanding, which is link number one, and initial desire, which is link number eight, are included into the advanced desire. Wow, this is new for me. And it's useful to argue about the trigger for the first link, and then to argue about the links after link number 12.

So, wow, this is cool. And then to the misunderstanding itself is actually also occurs in link number six, number seven, and number eight. Wow, these are all good, good stuff.

I love it. We went into the understanding. So this is where the misunderstanding.

Misunderstanding, so we talk about what kind of understanding and misunderstanding we are talking about. And we also talk about the seven definitions. These are the seven meanings of the misunderstanding.

The first type alone, I think Master Vasubandhu spent a lot of time to clarify that it is not about the absence of misunderstanding. So the misunderstanding, the meaning of not the. So basically, he's talking about not the absence of understanding, but it should be.

So he gives seven, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven. And the real meaning of misunderstanding is the opposite of understanding. And if some example, and of course, I think our master here like to do things in positive.

So he gives all the positive definitions of understanding with all the examples. So these are all the examples which are pretty cool. He covered from what it means to what is not being understood here.

Inside and outside, karma and ripening, three jewels, four truths, cause and effect. Virtues and non-virtues, misdeeds along with non-misdeeds, relying, not relying, miserable and satisfied, black and white. I think Master Vasubandhu is being very, very thorough in discussing about this misunderstanding.

And finally, we continued with the... So this is where we actually went into the link itself. And then this is in preparation to move to the next link.

So I'm preparing this part to discuss all the links, all the 12 links, especially after the misunderstanding. So this is the overview of the...

[Speaker 3]
Wow.

[Speaker 1]
Wow, that's unbelievable. That's great. That's great.

[Speaker 3]
And that's also a transcript of your last five years of classes, right?

[Speaker 1]
No, that was two years. Two years. Yeah.

Watch a photo of 3B of this one, actually. Okay. So basically, we know Vasubandhu as the author of the Abhidharmakosha.

And we spend a lot of time on him that way. My whole life I met him as a detailist, as a Vaibhashika. I never met him as a mind-only person.

And now in his commentary to the 12 links in the Wheel of Life, he comes out of the closet. And it's kind of exciting, you know, because he spent so many years in the closet pretending to be Abhidharma. And now he comes out.

He gets to come out. And for me, it's just really exciting that way. This text is extremely difficult because it was written in Sanskrit.

The Sanskrit is lost. And I believe the translation is not finished or it's rough or something. There's something funky about the translation.

So it's extremely difficult to work with. So we have probably a partial or maybe a bad translation of a Sanskrit book, and we don't have the Sanskrit anymore. And so it's really challenging.

And no one ever wrote a commentary to it. And no one ever taught it. But here you got the most...

Between those two half-brothers, you have most of the Geshe course. If you put them together, they are 14 or 15 years of the 25-year course, just those two brothers. So he's important for us.

So I don't know. We felt like there was a lot of... As you can see from Sugeng's...

I think if Sugeng spends a lot of time mind-mapping it, he's going to discover things that are not obvious to us. And when I worked on this text, I finished it mostly on a DCI tour. And I was just making notes to myself.

And I decided I wouldn't think about it too much. I decided I would write down my first impressions. So what you see in the English notes, it's not a translation.

It's just... I tried to get my first impression and go on. And sometimes it's probably not the correct one.

But it helps me when I try to read this book. So this book is a special challenge. And I'm really glad that you are mind-mapping it, Sugeng.

And I think that's going to help a lot. Okay, let's see what else we got here. We had a biography of Master Basubandhu.

And I think, Sugeng, am I correct, we finished it? Yes. And that will be a pretty large introduction to this text.

I think we have finished all the biography part in the book that you inserted. So I'm not sure if we are going to discuss any more biography today. I don't think so.

I think we're done with the biographies. We have a thorough biography of... No, that's all we have.

That's all we need is a biography of Master Basubandhu. Let's see. I thought we should split this book into two volumes because otherwise we're going to be going for six, seven years just on one book.

So I thought we can publish the first volume in 2024, if we keep going at this rate. And we got to ask Aisha and her team to continue trying to find the Sanskrit. Or for the sutra itself.

This is a commentary to the Sutra on Dependent Origination, so it would be nice to have the sutra. Yep, and there's some estimates. Here's the...

I did an outline with the number of pages because you can see what he thought was important. Obviously he thought misunderstanding was extremely important. Misunderstanding gets twice as many pages as everybody else average.

Consciousness also gets extra, and that's a little surprising because that's usually consciousness entering the womb of the mother. And there's not a lot to say about it, but he found a way to say more about it. And he sticks strictly to the twelve links pattern, and he doesn't have much else.

He concludes with about ten pages of extra. He starts with about seven pages extra, and the rest is straight explanation of the links. In this term, we should finish misunderstanding and get into the idea of fresh karma, initial karma.

Mr. Kramer, you're just the person I can see here. Oh, Nick, I got to do that participant thing. Okay, good.

All right. Let's go. Ben's going to check you.

Okay. Okay. Here it's difficult.

More than you would expect, and in Utpala's text tonight we're going to see this. The sixth link, which is contact, especially with regard to the sense powers, including the mental sense powers, so six of them. Somehow, some authors see that as the key to understanding the emptiness in the Wheel of Life, and we're going to talk about it tonight in Utpala's text.

It's quite a difficult subject. But the idea is that if you can understand how you make contact with objects, especially in the Mind-Only school and in the Pramana schools, you're going to be able to understand the real nature of things, if you understand the contact between the mind and the object. So, NGO NYID NI, when we talk about essential nature, REG PA'I KHYAD CHUG YANG BDAG PA JI LTA BA BZHIN DU GOM DU CHUG PA YIN TE If you can really understand the six doors of sense, for example, when you say DAG GIS MTHONG NO, I saw something, or up to DAG GIS MTHONG NO.

You have to include the DAG GIS here, Sugeng, you got to put it. I saw up to I knew. PAR LA When you say I saw something or I knew something, PAR, up to there, BDAG TU LTA BA What do you see as me?

When you say I saw something, I heard something, I smelled something, I tasted something, I felt something, and I thought something, then there's a me there. BDAG TU LTA BA'I TSE NYID JIGS SOGS LA LTA BA'I NYAN PO YIN PA'I PHYIR If you understand the real nature of that me, if you see it correctly, then that can act as an antidote to the JIGS SOGS LA LTA BA. Basically, what's JIGS SOGS LA LTA BA, Sugeng?

The view of... It's the first link. The destructive view.

Meaning me or mine. It focuses on me or mine, and it misunderstands. Misunderstanding as the first link of the Wheel of Life does not so much emphasize misunderstanding things.

It emphasizes misunderstanding me and mine, which has a code name called the perishable assemblage, or things that are going to fall apart eventually. Also, that wrong viewpoint is also perishable. We can destroy it.

Anyway, what he's saying here is that understanding the nature of the sixth link, which is where we make contact with the outside world, is kind of a good place to start understanding the first link, because it's me who sees. It's me who hears. It's me who smells.

It's me who makes contact with the outside world. And the things I see are mine, and the things I hear are mine. Then we get a bigger...

We get more understanding and less misunderstanding. All right. ,GANG DE DANG DE'ER ZHES BYA BA NI, ,CHU CHOS ZHES NA, Why did you talk about that and add that?

Somebody says, we don't know what he's talking about yet. Why did you mention it and to it? Why did you say we don't understand that, and we don't understand it there?

What were you talking about? If it seems like ADD, it is. It just jumps around.

It's hard to see the pattern here. ,SNGON GYI MTHA' LA SOGS PA, Please read this again and Ben is still checking. ,SNGON GYI MTHA' LA SOGS PA, ,RE RE RYANG MA RIG PAS RNAMS SBRANG GIS, ,JE BDAG BYED PAR BYA BA'I PHYIR RO, Yeah, so the sutra talks about that and that and that.

It says here, they're talking about the different synonyms, or the different versions of misunderstanding. MA RIG PAS RNAMS SBRANG MA RIG PAS misunderstanding can be focused on many, many objects. For example, here he mentions, where did samsara start?

How did samsara start? LUNG GI MTHA' means the front end of samsara. He gave a long list of things that we could be misunderstanding, or we could be ignorant about, we wouldn't know about.

One of them is the front end of samsara. How did it start? How did it get started?

Which came first, the chicken or the egg? Which came first, samsara or misunderstanding? MA RIG PAS RNAMS SBRANG GIS, ,BYE DAG BYED PAR BYA BA'I PHYIR RO, When we talk about the different synonyms for misunderstanding, we are talking about different things that you misunderstand.

Later he's going to ask, why do you talk about a lot of synonyms for misunderstanding and then when you get to the other links, you don't talk about different names for them? RNAMS SBRANG GIS... Sorry, please read the...

Let's read these two lines together. BYE DAG BYED PAR BYA BA'I PHYIR RO ,RNAMS SBRANG GIS, ,BYE DAG BYED PAR BYA BA'I PHYIR RO, ,DE NYID CHUD NA NI, ,SHEN DAG GIS, ,BYE DAG BYED PAR BYA BA'I PHYIR RO, Okay, good. CHA BA'I PHYIR RO, yeah, good.

Oh, BYED PAR BYA BA'I PHYIR RO, okay, yeah, good. NAM DANG GI CHE DAG SBYOS PA YANG CI PHYIR ZHES NA NAM DANG GI CHE DAG, NAM DANG means synonyms. CHE DAG means details.

Why did you go into such details on the synonyms for misunderstanding? Different words for misunderstanding and different objects of misunderstanding. Why did you go into that much detail about misunderstanding?

And then he says, Vasubandhu says, RGYAL ZHES JI LTAR YANG DE'I SDOD NGON DU SPYOD PA BYAR BA'I PHYIR I thought if I gave you a lot of synonyms, then some people would understand one synonym and not the other one. So it gives you a bigger percentage chance to understand what I'm talking about if I use different names for misunderstanding. And DE'I TSE RNAM PAR YANG BA'I RNAM DE'I SDOD NGON DU SPYOD PA BYAR BA'I PHYIR I thought that those who were...

YANG BA, what's that, Sugeng? We have it in the study of meditation in whose book? Oh, Utpala's great book about how to meditate, YANG BA.

YANG BA? YANG BA? Yeah, we say YANG BA, this is an old form, YANG BA.

Oh, distracted? Yeah, to be distracted. Yeah.

Then he says, if I add a section in the explanation of the first link, where I go on and on about different ways of expressing the idea of misunderstanding, then students who get easily distracted will probably catch one or two of them. So DUN TU PA BYAR BYAR I was hoping that students who were totally distracted, whose minds were thinking about lunch or something, that they would hear at least one or two of them. They would get the point.

It's kind of a funny thing. Okay, Sugeng, please read. DE NYID GCOD NA NI GZHAN THAG GIS BYAS PA'I RGYUN GYUR RO Yeah, and if I mention all the possible variations on misunderstanding, then people might get curious about it and check into them the ones that they don't know about.

Okay, I'm hoping for that. All right. Go ahead, Sugeng.

Nick, are you ready to check? Absolutely. I like that image there.

That's Carl's bed. All right. YI LTUL PO DAG KYANG NAS YANG THU DE'I DUN RTOG PA'I MI SPYIR PAR BYA BA'I PHYIR THANG Yeah, what's LTUL PO mean, you guys?

It's the opposite of know. Dull. Yeah, dull-minded.

Okay, dull-minded people who not have much intelligence, can, even they, if I keep repeating different... If I keep explaining misunderstanding in different wording, then hopefully they'll at least get the point, and maybe they won't jade. They won't forget it, okay?

So he says, that's why... Yes, I overkilled the first link, but it was because of... I was working with people who were distracted all day, and I was working with people who forget things easily, and I was just repeating myself, okay?

All right, I'm going to, I need... Tim, yay! I'm just going through the list here.

You want to sit here? Come on. I'll give you this handsome guy, you balance me.

Hey, Sugeng, I brought a big tractor and combed his hair. Oh yeah, it's flat now. I'm just jealous because...

Anyway, okay, you're checking, Sugeng. Go slow, Sugeng. Okay.

,DRA GCIG LA BDUN DU MA YID PA'I BDUN DA DE, ,BAR RTOG PA ZAL BA'I PHYIR, ,BAR RTOG Okay, so, ,DRA GCIG LA BDUN DU MA means, it's possible that one expression... Here, ,DRA doesn't mean sound. ,DRA means word.

,ZHAB LTA can mean word, okay? So, one word can have many connotations, can have many meanings. So, I wanted to prevent the possibility that people could understand something in the wrong way by thinking it means one of the alternate meanings that it has.

Keep going. Tim is here too. Criticize me.

,MING DE DAG GIS BSRUNG RAB LAS, ,BYUNG BA'I BDUN DE BTOG PAR BYA BA'I PHYIR TE, ,MAN GYIS RNAMS DANG GIS MING BZIN NO, Yeah. ,MING DE DAG GIS BSRUNG RAB LAS, ,BYUNG BA'I BDUN DE BTOG PAR BYA BA'I PHYIR TE, When we get into heavy commentaries and scriptures, the different names will help you understand what you're reading, later, when you read other scripture. And it's like in medicine, in traditional medicine, many medicines have different names.

I'll show you an example. I think I'm projecting my screen, right? Yes.

So, I don't know. Let's take Aruddha, which is Medicine Buddha's favorite medicine, right? If we go to Tzig, I think, You want the Mingy Namdrang again?

Yeah. Okay, I have it. I can't get to the, I can't learn, I don't ever learn how to get rid of this bar.

You really can't. Yeah. Oh, okay.

Oh, somebody can tell us. Okay, that's nice. Yeah.

If you search with, close to the word Shing, it'll come up. Okay, I hope so. Shing, right?

Yeah, Shing. Hi, Tom. Okay.

Not that one. Not that. That one.

Not that one. Not that one. Whoa.

Well, anyway, let's do it this way. So, here's, ngun juk means poeticism for Aruddha. So, you can call that medicine that Medicine Buddha likes.

You can call it penpa chen. You can call it the helpful herb. You can call it the peaceful herb.

You can call it the destroyer. You can call it the remover of sickness. You can call it the, I think, a not very tasty herb.

You can. Okay. And here's the main entry, Sugeng, for Aruddha, which is the Medicine Buddha's medicine.

And it says, ming gi nam dang means, synonyms for that, would be gya chen po, the incense of shakshakra, chu len, taking the essence, jigme, fearless, du tse sen den, the golden nectar, nen dor, the illness destroyer, ne me, the freedom from sickness, and penpa chen. So, what I mean to say is, every traditional medicine has a lot of separate names. And so even, you know, it might be interesting to make a footnote with that example, since so many of our students are interested in Medicine Buddha.

You could use it as an example. Because he said, I wanted to do what people do when they talk about medicines, and they give lots of different names, and then people will remember at least a few of them. So, if I give you more names, you're gonna...

So, you can make a footnote with this example of Arudra. All right, Mr. Tim. So, Geng, do you want someone, do you want to call on somebody else to read, just to embarrass more people?

And then, Tim can correct them, okay? So... Ah, somebody to read, okay.

Ooh, I saw somebody I know, Karin Phang. She's not gonna hate you forever. Okay.

Let's go, Karin, if you want to. You don't have to. So, let's get a money, right?

You have to turn your microphone on. Okay, probably she's not around. She's probably asleep.

No, I don't think I can. All right, so Geng, you have another choice. Okay.

I don't know. I see... Okay, how about Hardy Phao?

Hardy? You want to try? Got to turn.

All right, I have a suggestion. So, Geng, Tim is gonna read, and you criticize him, okay? Okay.

All right. CHOS MA BA RNAM GYIS DE DON THAMS PAR BYA BA THANG ZIG GNAS BAR BYA BA NI DANG BYAS SU THUNG BAR BYA BA'I PHYIR DANG Good. BYA BA'I PHYIR DANG, yeah, nice.

PHYIR MA BA means, those of you who are teaching Dharma, and there's a lot of people in our organization's teaching now, and I'm really happy about it. Those of you who are teaching, DON THAMS PAR BYA BA THANG ZIG GNAS BAR BYA BA You will be able to make more connections between different words, and their different connotations, their nuances of meaning. Okay, NI DANG BYAS SU THUNG BAR BYA BA PHYIR I wanted to support your ability to use different meanings, different wording, and for misunderstanding, to understand misunderstanding.

[Speaker 3]
Okay.

[Speaker 1]
Algringeshwara, this is my mom. She's with us in Bali. Hi, mom.

You have a good boy. But your daughter-in-law's even better. Hi, mom.

Good to see you. You have a very good boy. It's probably, the intelligence is probably genetic, I think.

[Speaker 3]
Genetic. Yeah, my mom and father-in-law are very smart. They likes to read books.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah. Welcome, mom. Thank you, mom.

Thank you for a good son. Tim's gonna read. Here we go.

DAG NI CHOS SO YANG DAG PAR RIG PA YIN PAR CHOS PAR JAWAI CHER TANG Yeah.

[Speaker 3]
JAWAI CHER TANG Yeah.

[Speaker 1]
And so we use lots of synonyms to help other people teach, for example. But we also use a lot of different expressions for misunderstanding so we can improve our own understanding of all the different presentations we might see. All right.

And let's go. Tim. GZHAN DAG LA DE SA BUN ZHAG PAR JAWAI CHI RO Yeah, every time you use, anytime you teach Dharma, you are planting seeds in the other person's mind.

And it's kind of really fun. It's really, really fun. So if you can give the same presentation in a different way, you can enjoy watching those seeds planted when they hear you teaching.

And it's an extraordinary, I don't know. It's a great feeling when you know you've planted a lot of seeds in other people's minds. And then it's a great feeling when you see those seeds open and you see people treating each other well and stuff like that.

All right. So get, oh, okay, you're free. Christina, you ready?

I'm going to embarrass Christina because now nobody's going to come to the college.

[Speaker 3]
It's fine. There's a lot more things you need to see.

[Speaker 1]
I'm getting work instructions too. Hi. Hi.

Hi, Christina. Okay, so again, help me. Okay, she's going to take your time and don't let him rush you.

Okay, Tim. This is my first time. CI PHYIR MA RIG PA GO NA LA MA RIG PA'I RNAM DRANG BSTAN GZHAN NA BSTAN BSTAN BSTAN No expression.

BSTAN BSTAN Yeah, it doesn't exist in English. It's BSTAN. Stop.

BSTAN Don't say BSTAN. Okay. BSTAN GZHAN NA Good job.

CI PHYIR means again? Their fault? Because of that?

No, it means why? Why? Why?

And MA RIG PA is misunderstanding. KO NA, what's KO NA? KO NA.

Only. Why did you go so long giving synonyms for misunderstanding? Why have you talked about so many synonyms for misunderstanding?

Okay, let's go Christina. nam drang so so, nam de shindu tu, shintu, dung gi, chedrag meypar ten, pey chiro. Yeah, there's a guy who lives in, there's a surfer in Southern California who has trouble with that T.

The one in Carlsbad? Well, I don't know. Okay, that would be true.

Okay, nam drang so so, nam. In the same way that there are many different, nam drang, what's nam drang? Synonym?

Yeah, there's also, I wanted, I was hoping people would understand that there's no chedrag between the duns of those nam drangs. There is no difference in the middle?

[Speaker 3]
Yeah.

[Speaker 1]
So, Buddhist scripture mentions a lot of different names for marikpa, misunderstanding. Like blindness, or cataracts, or like in the Diamond Cutter Sutra, you have cataracts. And there's lots of different names for misunderstanding.

And I wanted people to understand, when I made the list, and I said these are all the synonyms for misunderstanding, I wanted them to appreciate that they all refer to the same thing. There's no big distinction between them. Am I still here?

[Speaker 3]
Yes, you are still here.

[Speaker 1]
Two more. Two more, alright. You know Sugeng, he told me he's going to pay you if you read it right.

He told me that too. Nice. Okay, Sugeng, yeah.

Nah, just kidding. Me too. GZHAN YANG GZHAN YANG GANG DAG GYIS MI DUN PAS GANG DAG GYIS GANG DAG GYIS MI DUN PAS CHOG MARIKPA YIN NO Yeah, and each one of those synonyms for knowledge or for understanding can be reversed, and you can create them into misunderstanding.

If you say, for example, the light of wisdom, SHES RAB KYI RNAM PAR, we talked about it yesterday, that lights the world, LOG KA'A LOG KA LOG KA'A LOG KA then you can understand that the opposite of them is what misunderstanding is. So if I give you a lot of synonyms for misunderstanding, and I give you a lot of synonyms for understanding, then you get more appreciation for what misunderstanding is, because I gave you more words for understanding. One more.

Yeah, one more. Only one more. Okay.

[Speaker 2]
JI LTAR YIN PA DE NI RNAM DRANG RNAM PAR What?

[Speaker 1]
DE, DE, not DE, DE. DE Yeah, this is not DE. It's DA, DA.

DE NI RNAM DRANG RNAM PAR GSUM DANG SHES BSTAN TO Good. SHES BSTAN To describe how things really are, I'm going to be giving you three or four synonyms for understanding, okay? For correct understanding.

Okay, good job. He'll send you a check. Thank you, Sugeng.

Thank you. All right, I think Hasa is supposed to come up to the hot seat. I don't know, he's getting more and more handsome every day.

It must be a Flagstaff thing. It's cool. It's a cool place, so I think there is a...

Oh, I see. It's a cool place, so people get cool. Okay.

[Speaker 2]
It's cool.

[Speaker 1]
Okay, please read the first line, Sugeng is going to correct you. Please read slowly, so he can criticize you slowly.

[Speaker 2]
Okay. GANG LTAR GYIS MI MTHUNG PAS CHOG MA RIG PA YIN GZHAN NA Yeah, this is kind of weird.

[Speaker 1]
Do you think you can... Well, you got the translation here, so it's kind of an unfair situation. Yeah, when you talk about misunderstanding, what is it the opposite of?

Okay, when you talk about misunderstanding, what is it the opposite of? Okay, and Hasa is going to continue.

[Speaker 2]
Okay, it says, THU PA THANG SAM PA THANG KONG PA LE CHUNG WA SHE PA THANG THONG WA THANG NGUNG PAR TOP PA SHE CHA WA No, SHE SHA WEI JA WEI SHE JA WEI SHE JA WEI JA WEI RIG PA NAM GYI YOD GYI YOD, good.

[Speaker 1]
GYI YOD TO THU PA THANG SAM PA THANG KONG PA These are the classic three. What are they, Haso? THU PA THANG SAM PA THANG KONG PA Listening, contemplating, and meditating.

Nice. You should have got some money for that, but the guy is cheap. LE CHUNG WA SHE PA THANG Wisdom, which comes from those three things.

And there's also other things we could have used. We could have said THONG BA, which means what?

[Speaker 2]
Vision? Seeing.

[Speaker 1]
And NGON POR RTOG PA Abhisamaya Abhisamaya Understanding? Yeah, it means realization. And that's the name of Tim's book, right?

Abhisamaya Angka. NGON POR RTOG is a synonym for LAM, for example. SHE JA WEI RIG PA NAM GYI YOD I want to know for $30 why it says GYI at the end of a sentence.

Because we know the rule of grandpa. When GYI comes at the end of a sentence, it means but. But, but, GYI, but, but, GYI.

It doesn't mean it here. I'm not giving you any clues. I want somebody to tell me why there's a GYI here at the end of a sentence.

Apostrophe S by itself at the end of a sentence. It's a quotation. Is it from the Sanskrit, Gunnar?

Man, you guys are giving me a stomachache. Anyway, I don't want to take all day. You forgot what the last section said, and I'm not going up to show you.

What did the last section say? The question? Yeah, there was a question.

Yeah, what is Marikpa? No, yeah. What is the opposite of self-misunderstanding?

Yeah, whose opposite is misunderstanding? Whose, so it's that guy's. Yeah, it's these guys' opposite.

Okay, cool. Got it. Okay, just to help out here.

Here's GYI right here. Whose opposite is misunderstanding? And then Valsabhanda says, it's the opposite of hearing, it's the opposite of contemplating, it's the opposite of meditation, it's the opposite of seeing, and it's the opposite of realization.

Up. By the way, he nailed it down with that O. He said, this is not a mistake in my text.

The sentence ends here. You guys figure it out. Okay, Hasso, keep going.

[Speaker 2]
JI LTAR MI MTHUNG PAS CHOG YIN GZHAN NA Yeah, good.

[Speaker 1]
MI MTHUNG CHOG. Say MI MTHUNG CHOG, everybody.

[Speaker 2]
MI MTHUNG CHOG.

[Speaker 1]
Nice, MI MTHUNG CHOG. MI MTHUNG CHOG means what? Reverse?

Yeah, you can just say the opposite. You can just say the opposite. I have seen translators of scripture who called it the non-harmony direction.

And if I ever see any of you guys use this language, I'm going to use a non-head knife. Anyway. Okay.

So anyway, it means, what's the opposite? How are they the opposite of understanding? How is misunderstanding the opposite of those guys?

Well, okay, Hasso.

[Speaker 2]
Okay. TE YUL GAP PAY THUN KYI NGUNG PAR GYUR PAY PAY CHER TANG LOK PAR THONG WAR CHE PAY THUN KYI YI NGI TANG LO NGENG PA TANG LO MED PA'I NGON MONGS PA TANG TSUNG BAR BSTAN PA'I ZHIG RO Nice.

[Speaker 1]
Amazing. These guys are the opposite of... Misunderstanding is the opposite of understanding because misunderstanding is like Mumba.

And Adam's text was called Yikimunza for example. Darkness? Yeah, darkness.

So these opposites of understanding are like darkness. That GAB PA That means cover, which means to cover. It's a verb that means to cover.

It's an unusual... By the way, the verbs in the ancient translations are better than the verbs in the native Tibetan text. The verbs have tenses because the Sanskrit translators were sensitive to conjugations, to verb conjugations.

They knew all the past, present, future, imperative. They knew everything. Later authors mush them together.

Like by the 15th, 16th century. So anyway, DUN GYIS BKA' PA'I DUN GYIS Because they function to obscure their object, they are similar to darkness. The misunderstanding.

And they also cause you CHES PA. They also cause you to LOG PA'I THOB. LOG PA always means wrong.

[Speaker 2]
Wrong views.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, they also cause you to see things the wrong way. And because of that, YING YI. But it's a special word for a certain mental function.

That's... YANG BA? Discrimination?

Come on, YING YI, yes. YANG BA, distraction? Nah.

Doubt. Yeah, doubt. Sometimes they say YING YI, same thing.

Did he go to the college today? I don't know, maybe he did, maybe he didn't. I have two thoughts about it.

YING YI. And they also cause LO NGEN PA.

[Speaker 3]
I don't know what's NGEN PA.

[Speaker 1]
Negative mindset. NGEN PA means bad, but in this context, MA TI, LO means intellect. And by the way, it's one of the mental functions that accompanies all states of mind.

All animals, all humans, all the time, have some degree of intellect. And then LO NGEN means twisted intellect. It means dysfunctional intellect, something like that.

So you have to be careful when you see LO in an ancient book, it can mean intellect. And all beings have intellect, even people who killed their parents or something. They have intellect, but we call it twisted intellect.

Like they knew how to shoot the gun and stuff like that. Alright. LO NGEN PA'I NYON MONGS Now explain LO NGEN PA.

[Speaker 2]
Knowledge, intelligence, non-intelligence.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, negative emotions of not having intellect, having a bad intellect. GSUNG LDAN GSUNG LDAN means these mental functions tend to... what?

GSUNG Yeah, they tend to link together. They tend to link together. And they link together with your main mind.

And that's their function. And that's how they are the opposite of Kiyo. Understand?

Because they cover it. Alright. The house is doing so good.

I think we should give him one more GSUNG LDAN. What do you think? This is the last minute, Gun.

Oh-ho, let's go.

[Speaker 2]
RES SHIG KUN TU MUNG PA THANG YIN NYID KYIS NYON MONGS PAR RAB TU CHOR BAR CHOR BAR CHOR BAR THUNG PA GANG YIN PA THANG MUNG PA'I NAM PA MUNG PA THANG LO ME PE NYON MONGS PAR RAB TU CHOR BAR THUNG PA NYID RIGNA RIGNA MA RIG PA THANG LO NGE PE NYON MONGS PAR RAB TU CHOR BAR CHOR BAR CHITAR BSTAN DU RUNG ZHES NA Yeah, and then somebody pops a question here.

[Speaker 1]
He says, look, you were supposed to be talking about misunderstanding. And now you mentioned totally in the darkness. You mentioned doubt.

You mentioned gluing us to negativity. You mentioned an example of darkness. Then you went off on a lack of intellect.

And then you start talking about joining us to a lack of intellect. And how can you give us so many different flavors of misunderstanding? Why are you giving us...

Like, there seems to be a big difference between darkness and doubt. And there seems to be a big difference between doubt and darkness and twisted intellect. So, you know, could you just kind of decide which one you want to be misunderstanding?

You were supposed to give us synonyms. By the way, this question is already showing that his strategy was correct. Yeah, because people start to question and explore.

People are thinking about it instead of sleeping in the class. They're like, wait a minute, why are you using different words for misunderstanding? What are all the differences in the meaning?

How can they all refer to the same thing? It kept the audience engaged. And that was his intention.

Okay, we'll stop there. I love your mind map. God bless you.

Sometimes I get depressed at home. I said, oh God, these translators, they spend probably five minutes a day on this. And then I see something like that mind map.

And I just feel really, really grateful. And I feel really, really happy. So you made your grandpa happy.

How do you say grandpa in Indonesian? Say it again. G-A-K-E G-A-K-E G-A-K-E G-A-K-E Okay, I got a new one.

G-A-K-E G-A-K-E In Tibetan it means the language of joy. Oh, G-A-K-E. You can say oppa.

Oppa is also grandpa. Oppa. Like Oppa Winfrey.

Yeah, yeah, yeah, Oppa Winfrey. Yeah, Oppa. G-A-K-E G-A-K-E is happy.

Thank you very, very much. Thank you, Geshe-la. How much time we got, Mr. Nick?

Just a five minute break this time. What?