Адам Андраде — Книга 2: Логика. Рассеивая тьму, занятие 22

[Speaker 1]
So, we're kind of, we're waist deep in a discussion which kind of centers around two flavors of the word yuppah. Regarding the two possible interpretations of the word yuppah we've discussed in class so far, which one does Master Dharmakirti say he's referring to when he says jala yuppah?

[Speaker 2]
Not all at once.

[Speaker 3]
Like, uh, yuppah yuppah?

[Speaker 1]
Uh, no, um, that's, that's actually coming in, um, the next argument, um, after this one. Is it kippah to power? Uh, not really.

No, um, so, um, What about That sounds good. Uh, yeah, so Master Dharmakirti says that sound is, sound is Or that it has its own essence and exists from its own side. This is precisely what we would expect, um, from Master Dharmakirti, um, as this is the perspective of the logic school, um, says that sound exists as a real object if it performs a function, has its own essence, and exists from its own side.

Um, and, uh, yeah, it could be noted that KJJ is just highlighting the perspective of the logic school here by saying something exists ultimately if and only if it performs a function. Second question for the evening, um, Kacik claims that, uh, that the definition of an object is anything perceived by the mind. Highlight this and highlight the inconsistency of this claim, um, using the Dawaani example from our text.

Ooh, good.

[Speaker 2]
How could you press your eyeball and see two moons and that be an object? Because that is perceived by the mind and yet it's not a real thing. Yeah, yeah, exactly.

Um, nice.

[Speaker 1]
So our point, it says that an object is anything which the mind can perceive. Uh, to this KJJ responds by using the example of perceiving an imaginary second moon after pressing your finger in your eye. However, if an object is anything that the mind can receive, then the imaginary second moon must also be an object because they're both things perceived by the mind.

Uh, yet we know this is false because the second moon doesn't exist. And, uh, in the, yeah, in the text, it just says, um, what does it, uh, it just says, uh, double moons. It just says like two moons.

Okay. Yeah. So anyways, I guess I'll have to figure some of that, put the context in there when I'm trying to do, um, definition of yule good job.

Good job. Well, I just thought silence is deafening me. Okay.

Uh, yeah. Um, and, uh, what are some, uh, phenomenon that are mutually inclusive with it? She drew right.

By the way, some texts, uh, list, she, um, she drew up the same gun. Yeah. Just about the same.

Yeah. Okay. Okay.

So we've got, um, we've got, um, was it, um, Yoppa, um, Sheldon, uh, no, excuse me. We hadn't had shelter. Um, she drew, um, yeah, I said, yeah, I said, oh, did you?

Sorry. It's kind of hard for me to keep up with everybody. There was a lot of people talking and, um, just to some of these, uh, some of these translations here, I put in a few different ways that I'd seen translated it over the years.

Okay. Um, vocab Austin close, very close. I mean, kind of, but functional thing.

[Speaker 2]
I don't know. Involves starting.

[Speaker 1]
Nice. Nice. Nice.

Okay.

[Speaker 2]
Yay.

[Speaker 1]
Yay. LinkedIn always, uh, this, this one doesn't mean linked. Oh, equivalent and always.

Yeah. Totally. Totally equal.

And it's talking about these five synonyms, I think. Yeah. Right.

And when we say it soon, um, you know, I mean, if we say, if we say, if we use, if we use equivalence here and we're saying that soon is equal, that, that we're, we're saying, um, two terms are equal. Um, how, how, I mean, how would we use the, like, um, similar. Right.

So if we're going to say like the same in every aspect, the reason I asked is because the, I had done it soon. Um, and the, I guess we can look at it here in the, in the, the paragraph I was going to translate. It's actually, I found out here too.

If you say, uh, Yamba Yamba M N Y A M it means, uh, same. If you say it means similar. If you say it means identical.

How's that? Okay. So it's only as identical.

Okay. Yeah. It's stronger than Yamba and Yamba is stronger than Dawa.

Makes sense. Okay.

[Speaker 2]
Uh, a lot partner.

[Speaker 1]
There you go. Thanks. Word.

Okay. Hey, Adam, can we see your Ava?

[Speaker 2]
Yeah, of course.

[Speaker 1]
I can hear her, but I can't see her. Just for a second. Yeah.

And then we can go back to playing. Hey, grandpa wants to say hi. Can you guys see grandpa Mike wants to say hi.

She got so big. Wow. So big.

Oh my gosh.

[Speaker 2]
Hi.

[Speaker 1]
She says, look, I have blocks. Oh, wow.

[Speaker 2]
She's really big.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah. She goes hiking with Adam on his, you can't carry her anymore, right? Oh yeah.

I surely can. Oh man. She got big.

Wow. Wow. Okay.

Let's read this thing. Okay. Oh, you had a hard one.

Okay. I'd like to start with the end.

[Speaker 2]
Okay.

[Speaker 1]
Okay. Okay. So he wants to distinguish between an overall category heading and a more limited category heading.

Okay. Yeah. Chi khyab is more of a, of a larger category heading.

And then good means personal or targeted or, you know, selective. Okay. So then there's a more selective, a more selective general.

Okay. So chi khyab and good khyab. Okay.

These are new terms. Okay. One is a, one is a general category that, that kind of is big and covers many things.

And then good khyab is a more selective category, category heading. Okay. Okay.

You can call it selective. Ma chenpa means the opponent has made this mistake of not distinguishing between the two. Okay.

Like you made a mistake. You didn't distinguish chepa between a more general category heading and a more limited category heading. Okay.

Bap chul means you're all, you're all mixed up. Okay. Bap chul is like you're all mixed up.

Okay. Yeah. And so, so your statement, which we haven't got to yet, is kind of confused because you haven't made the distinction between a broad subject category and a more limited subject category.

Okay. Yeah. Bap chul, I saw treated as like to underestimate or to not fully kind of prepare or to, to, to not, to not, to not give something that's kind of due weight, I guess, before.

[Speaker 3]
Yeah.

[Speaker 1]
It can also refer to saying something without, without careful thought. Right. Almost like blurting something out like that.

So, it can mean that also. Yeah. I just wanted to hopefully consider instead of confused.

Or you could say ill-considered. Okay. That's kind of ill-considered kind of thinking where you have failed to distinguish between the broader subject header and the more limited one.

Okay. NU BYED means, yeah, good, arguments against what you just said. Okay.

It literally means what, Adam? Harm? To call us harm?

Hurt, hurt her. Yeah. Yeah.

Hurt her. In other words, arguments against, arguments that disprove something. Okay.

GONG DU SPYOD PA. Yeah, exactly. You, you translated that correctly.

Yeah. Yeah. What's the SIN TO?

It's just that we, we set, we, we set that forth here. I mean, it's a, it's a emphatic past tense, or emphatic past tense writers. What do we say in English?

I told you that already. I said that. Yeah.

I told you that already. Okay. We already disproved these ideas before.

Okay. All right. Now let's go to the ideas, Adam.

[Speaker 2]
Oh, sorry again, did I, did I?

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, can you, can you show us the Tibetan above this? Oh, sorry. Why don't you, yeah, there you go.

Now the other guy is still trying to say, okay, something. DIN NI, the statement you just made is like this guy who said LUS RIGS BYA YIN NA, if something is an, if something is perceived by a mind, the mind, then it must be an object of the mind. Okay.

And in Tibetan and in Sanskrit, DES SHA, object always means existing object. Okay. Right.

So the first part here is already wrong, right? Right. And you said it correctly.

You said it correctly. If it's the case that something is an object, just because it's perceived by the mind. Okay.

So you can take out the end, object and if, take out the end, in the second line of English. Take out the end. There you go.

Yeah, if it's the case that something is an object, if it's something perceived by the mind, okay.

[Speaker 2]
Right.

[Speaker 1]
Then ZHES PA DE RIGS BYA LA. Good. Then everything perceived by that awareness must be an object.

That's, that's perfect translation. Okay. And it's not easy.

Okay. SNGA PA BDE PA RNAM. RNAM DANG GI SKABS SU.

Now, you know, when I was preparing for this class this morning, I suddenly understood this sentence. And it was a, by us like dancing around the room. RNAM DANG GI SKABS SU means back when we were debating the synonyms for existence.

Okay. RNAM DANG GI SKABS SU. He's referring back to part of his own book.

Okay. And we covered that part in August. And again, in this term.

So, you know, look, we covered that already, back in the section where we treated the synonyms for existence. So RNAM DANG GI SKABS SU, in the second line of the Tibetan, in the middle, it means back when we covered the synonyms for existence, like YOD PA YUL. Okay.

In that section, where we discussed all the different synonyms for existence, already in our book, GZHAN GYI TSOS PA BSGOS PA RGA ZHIG. You know, we saw a couple of arguments by different people. RGA ZHIG.

Okay. We saw several people put forth their arguments. BSGOS PA.

Okay. CHOD GSUNG means you're just, you're arguing the same thing they did. Okay.

Your argument is the same thing that they were arguing. Okay. They were mixing up general generals and more limited generals.

Okay. General general, you could say exhaustive, right? All categories which include everything in the world, like divide the world into changing and unchanging.

That's like a GCIG BSGYABS. Okay. And then DGOS BSGYABS means divide all the physical things into hearable, seeable, you see what I mean?

More limited, a little more limited categories. Okay. So, the CHOD GSUNG, did I apply that correctly?

CHOD GSUNG here means, yeah, you can say that. Yeah, exactly. Yeah.

Yeah, exactly. Actually, he makes it, what did we just say about GSUNG? That it's identity.

Yeah. So, when you translate it, you got to say it's the, these arguments are the very same ones. That's what I was asking about.

[Speaker 2]
Yeah.

[Speaker 1]
Good. Yeah. CHOD GSUNG is an idiom that means equivalent.

Yeah. These are exactly the same arguments that we got before. Okay.

Okay. Like MEDAG PA and CHOD PA are CHOD GSUNG in essence. Okay.

Equivalent. Okay. Yeah.

Okay. I could just say it here and say these arguments are equivalent. Yeah.

Yeah. Or your argument here is just the same as we saw before in the section where we were presenting the synonyms for existence. Okay.

Okay. Good. Okay.

Then it's okay. Yeah. And Adam, we get to go on a vacation now.

Where are we going? I'm going to show you. Let me take over the screen and I'll show you.

[Speaker 2]
Okay.

[Speaker 1]
I know you want a vacation. So, here we go. Oh, that's that Vinaya text.

Let's get rid of that. That's too much work. Okay.

So, there's this section that Adam translated. And now we have a PAR KHAP GYI TSEG. Okay.

PAR KHAP. Please read, Adam. PAR KHAP.

PAR KHAP GYI TSEG. What is that, you guys? Do you remember?

An intermission verse. Yeah. It's intermission.

You know, it's like the author. Who's the author? KTMJ.

He suddenly figured out that he's pushing us too hard. It's a relaxation poem. Yeah.

It's a relaxation poem. And they really are. When you're really having a hard time with a text and the author is sensitive, he'll say, God, let's take a break on this.

Let's take a break on this. Let's do a little funny poem that usually criticizes his opponents. Okay.

Yeah. So, here's our funny little poem. Please read the first verse of our funny little poem.

And Sugeng is dying to check you again. Okay. Come on, Mr. Haircut. I'm just jealous. You know, the style nowadays is hair in the middle and none on the sides. And I have to do the opposite because I don't have a choice.

So, all right. Here we go. I'm sorry.

It should be Tsung Bar. It should be. The whole thing should be Tsung Bar.

Okay. Ra Tsung Bar Lom Pong. Skip the Ra.

Sorry.

[Speaker 2]
Okay.

[Speaker 1]
Oh, I see the Mao. Yeah. Right.

So, it's Tsung Bar Lom Pong Kei Gyen Rang Kei Su Shi Yin. Yeah. It's a very funny.

Okay. He's trying to give us some karmic relief. Karmic relief.

Alison, that's a new idiom for you and Stanley. Karmic relief. It means in a movie when people are getting killed and killed and killed, and then they have to put in some joke to make people feel better.

Okay. Karmic relief. Okay.

They use it in books and movies. Okay. So, here we're getting some karmic relief.

Mepa means... Let's say it. Okay.

Mepa is an idiom that introduces some karmic relief. Okay. Mepa means, hey, let's do it.

Let's do it. Let's have some fun. Okay.

Mepa. Okay. So, Chi Chops.

What's that? We just had it, Adam. It's like a general kind of mind that's applied to anything.

Yeah. Huge category. Huge subject category.

Probably it would include all existing things somehow. Like changing and not changing. Or, I don't know, mental and not mental.

Okay. So, that's a Chi Chop. That's a big chop.

Okay. He's been comparing it to the Nam Kei King Kor. This is very difficult.

It's the bowl of the sky. Did you say bowl? Yeah.

King Kor here, mandala, means the whole thing you see when you look up. The big bowl from horizon to horizon. He's calling it a mandala.

Okay. A firmament? Yeah.

You could call it that. Yeah. But it's supposed to suggest a bowl shape.

Okay. So, when you look up and you see the bowl of the sky, that's a metaphor for what, Adam? Excuse me again.

Sorry. The bowl of the sky is a metaphor for what? I would say the Chi Chop.

[Speaker 3]
Yeah.

[Speaker 1]
That's a Chi Chop. And normally a Chi Chop is a category which includes all things. Like you could say, impermanent things and things that aren't impermanent.

So, that covers everything. That's a Chi Chop. Okay.

[Speaker 2]
Yeah.

[Speaker 1]
But if you say the types of cars are Toyotas, Kias, Fords, that doesn't cover all the things in the universe. Okay. That would be a good chop.

So, how does he describe a good chop in the second line, Adam? What's a Tsigpa? We had a Tsigpa in the Vinaya text.

Isn't that a calculation? No, because you weren't supposed to take the mud from the Tsigpa.

[Speaker 2]
And you weren't supposed to... Oh, a brick. It's a brick.

[Speaker 1]
A wall. A wall. A wall.

Yeah. A wall. Okay.

What's Puga? Puga means a hole drilled in something. Okay.

Puga means a hole, like a small hole in a wall. Like you could put your finger into it. Okay.

All right. Now, explain the two images, Adam. We're supposed to have fun.

Okay.

[Speaker 2]
Okay.

[Speaker 1]
We're supposed to take a break. The bowl of the sky. Yeah.

And... The bowl of the sky, which is a general Khyapa. Right.

And then a hole in a wall that you could stick your little finger in is Gachyap. Okay. I mean, yeah.

I mean, the visual, yeah. Yeah. Yay.

That's the more particular category. Okay. Now, if you say they are Tsum...

Okay. Yeah. If you say they're equivalent.

Identical. Yeah. That's Lomba.

That's... Delusional. They are...

Yeah, that's delusional. Good, Nick. Delusional.

I don't know why it's easy to remember some words in Tibetan, but Lomba, just, I don't know. It's easy to remember. It means delusional.

Like in America, I don't know why they always say, this guy on the street, he thinks he's Napoleon or something. And we call it delusion of grandeur. Okay.

Delusion of grandeur. That's another idiom, Stanley. Owe me 20 bucks.

Delusion of grandeur. It's a special delusion that you are a big person. Like you are the president of the country or something like that.

That's called a delusion of grandeur. Okay. That's Lomba.

Okay. So those idiots who say that a general... a general yupa, actually here, right?

Yupa, which includes all things, and then a more specific kind of yupa, where we are talking about things which exist through some material essence of their own, right? If you think those are the same thing, then you're a Lomba. Okay, Adam?

You're having delusions, all right? Okay. If you think the chi kyep and the gu kyep are the same size, if you think the whole sky is the same size as a hole in your wall where you can stick your little finger, okay?

Right. If you have that delusion... If that's a kepa...

Oh. Yeah. If that's a kepa...

What's a kepa? That's the realization of a master. Yeah.

If that's a master, then who the hell is the me kepa? Who isn't a master? Yeah.

If you're a master who says that... who doesn't know the difference between a general category and a more specific category, and if that makes you a master, can you show me someone who's not a master? Okay.

Su shik means who. Then who's not a great scholar, if you're a great scholar? You know.

You see what I mean?

[Speaker 2]
Yeah.

[Speaker 1]
Like, if you're not an idiot, then where can I find an idiot? He has a hard time. Yeah, he's starting to sound like his brother, right?

Who's his brother? Gyaltsab Je. Yeah, Gyaltsab Je.

He'd probably ask Gyaltsab Je to write this verse for him. All right.

[Speaker 2]
Oh, so we don't have to go look for the source of this quotation?

[Speaker 1]
No, he wrote it. He wrote it. Yeah.

The author of a book has the right to write his own parkab kitsik.

[Speaker 2]
Parkab kitsik, okay.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, and he always writes his own. And they're always hot. And they're always funny.

Okay. Please read the next... Okay, we're halfway through our vacation, Adam.

All right. And Sugeng's still checking you. Gyaltsab je na kyi mun kong na, nyi me u le me khyer chun tong dzin shing gye par sar, gye pey sar, nang dzin yi u la min parkab kitsik kyi che ba-o.

Yeah, good. This is cute, Adam. You got to put your thinking cap on.

What's kelnden mean? What's kelnden mean? It's something that involves starting?

No, kelnden, like... Okay, sorry. I mean, I would say virtue, but...

Yeah, good, good. As far as the che... No, that's not Bhagavan, but it's...

Well, it could be. Fortune? Isn't it fortune?

By the way, Nick, you're right. It is Bhagavan. Kelnden means somebody who has a big karmic bank account, a good...

somebody with a big positive seed bank account, okay? It's called kelnden. And it's a very, very common Tibetan name, okay?

Kelnden? You call your kid Mr. Lucky or something like that, okay? La da da da, not den?

L-D-A-N, la da da da, not den, yeah. Having kelwa, a person with kelwa. Kelwa means you have a lot of good seeds, okay?

Kelwa means you have a lot of good seeds. Now, what's kelche? And this is a form of the verb that you find in Dorje Chupa.

Oh, to... The empty kel is empty. Yeah, to be cut off from.

Yeah, you got cancelled kelwa, okay? You know, he's making a joke because no one ever said that to anybody. Kelnden means you're rich with good seeds.

Kelche means, I don't know, you screwed up all your seeds. He made up a new word, okay? You're just a kelche, okay?

And if I hang out in a whole forest of kelches, like trees, if I stay here with all you guys who don't know how to make an argument, who have no good karma, that's like staying in the mung kong. It's like staying in a dark... Dark room, yeah.

It's like staying in a movie theater with no movie going, okay? Is it kong? A kong that is like the...

Jung kong, as in source, yeah. But kong means a small enclosed place like a cave, okay? So, you know, hanging out with guys like you is like hanging out in the Amazon, under the dark of the trees, you know, like that.

And you know what? From under these trees in the Amazon, where the whole world looks black, then the light of a mekhya looks like the sun rising. What is this one?

I mean, mekhya is obviously fire here, but... Yeah, mekhya means fire carrier, and it's a nickname for a... Yeah, I mean, I'd say it.

It's a firefly. What do you call those bugs that Adam, you know, like we used to have them in... Lightning bugs.

Lightning bugs. Yeah, lightning bug, okay, yeah. Okay, when I hang out with people like you and a lightning bug flies by, it looks like the sun itself, okay?

Okay, yeah. Again. Brighter than the sun.

What? Is that train supposed to be sin, like make it a sin, like a firefly? No, it's an ancient word for full brightness, okay?

And I think, but you could be right. It's possible. It could be a different word, yeah.

I think it means full bright, fully bright, okay? Effulgent, okay? You know, when I hang out with you guys and somebody says one tiny smart thing, it feels like the sun just came up.

Because sitting with you guys is like being in the total darkness, okay? Got it? Okay, got it?

Say yes. I don't know how to respond to that one. Okay, now the last two lines.

I'm not saying that. I'm saying I'm in a room full of geniuses, and God bless. I waited my whole life for you guys.

All right, here we go. Please read the last two lines. Oh, Duk Dong, where's Seiji?

Is Seiji here? No. His child is.

Hey, you're my Duk Dong expert. You got to translate these two lines. Sorry, Seiji.

Duk is what the peacocks eat. Oh, I got it.

[Speaker 2]
Poison?

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, Dong means a tree. Yeah, Dong means a tree, okay. Jun Xing is the...

Jun Xing is the... Somebody's got their... Somebody's got their...

Oh, sorry, that was me. Okay. Duk Dong Jun Xing.

Poisonous trees with poisonous parts, okay. They are spreading gyepa everywhere, okay. Sar means in a place where poison trees are spreading everywhere.

Men is the opposite of duk, Seiji. And we just finished a long course in menla.

[Speaker 2]
Yeah. Medicine.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, so duk means poison and men means medicine. Nyu ku, do you guys know... You guys know nyu ku?

[Speaker 3]
Like a pen or a reed?

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, a sprout, a sprout, a sprout. Kala, kala, kala. In...

Kala means how on earth could it grow here, okay. What's he saying? Your brains, you guys' brains is like a forest of poison ivy.

And how are you going to get any, I don't know, mint growing here, you know. Some kind of medicinal plant. Kala means how could a sweet plant ever grow here in your mind, okay.

Got it? So he wrote two hot verses criticizing these guys who keep giving him the same arguments over and over again because they don't understand the subject of chi che dak. Got it?

Okay. Can you guys please learn chi che dak so we don't have to have these discussions? That's what he's saying.

That's what he's saying, okay. Question? Adam?

Question. The dong and the jin shing seems redundant. Yeah, it is.

It is. Maybe he needed another two syllables to make his poetry. Yeah, don't blame a guy for being redundant when he has to make seven syllables, okay.

[Speaker 2]
Sounds a lot like Rodney Dangerfield in this little poem.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, these poems are always hot and they're always a lot of fun. I love them. In Abhidharma they often have them.

Yeah. Okay. It'd be nice to stop there, but we got to go back to the real text, which is hard, okay.

Okay, Adam, here we go. Alex Rivas wants to check you. Okay, Alex, if you insist.

You can translate that, Adam. Here's the third part.

[Speaker 2]
Yeah.

[Speaker 1]
There are two sections. Right. One where we refute the objections of our comment, and the other where we give our own.

Yeah, good. And by the way, what we're arguing about is the yewas of Yilpa. Okay, the divisions and the classifications of existence.

Good, good, okay. And here's... First, we're going to give some wrong ideas.

He's going to come up and give us some wrong ideas. You ready? Shenlupakpa.

Here we go. Wrong idea number one. Alex is still checking.

Say, criticize him for his tie or something. Okay. Okay.

By the way, when Alex is checking, you're supposed to make a mistake, Adam. Oh, sorry again. All right, next one, next one.

Okay, kachig nare. Yula yena means what? When you divide objects.

Yeah. You got three. You got nopos, you got numis, and you got tumuguche.

Okay, working things, things which don't exist, and... Oh, no, nopo mayimba, nopo mayimba. Working things.

Things that... working things that exist? No, you got working things.

You got things that don't do anything. Okay. And then you got crossovers.

This is Ben Kramer's hybrid philosophy. As opposed to... yeah.

Nome as opposed to unchanging earth. Yeah, sorry. Yeah, it just means don't do anything.

Yeah, totally. Okay. A lot of...

[Speaker 2]
Yeah.

[Speaker 1]
But then he wants a third category, okay? That's the point. Okay, I'm going to divide all existing things, which is Yul, right?

Things that are both working and non-working, yeah. I'm going to divide it into three. Working things, non-working things, and crossovers.

Things that are working and not working. Okay, got it? Okay, you okay?

Yeah, totally good. By the way, that totally smashes... whose philosophy that we had?

I mean, we had it in words text like 10,000 times. The stelwas are pens and pangyal. The stelwas, the members of a set...

The members of a set are mutually exclusive, okay? If you're a Chevrolet, you can't be a Toyota. If you're a Toyota, you can't be a whatever.

Okay, all right? Now, he's breaking all the rules. He says, I'm going to divide the whole universe into three.

Oh, what's your idea? Working things, things that don't work, and things that are... kind of share both of those.

Okay, got it? You guys okay?

[Speaker 3]
Yeah, as long as it's catchy, it's okay.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, good, good, good. Nice statement. Okay, now, Alex is checking, Adam.

Don't forget, we made a deal. Um... Hey, Alex.

Hey, did you see the movie? That wasn't that good. Okay.

Okay, good, okay, good. Now, listen to this division, Adam, from the guy... Well, what did we say about him?

Who thinks that a hole in the wall is equal to the whole sky. Okay, you ready? Okay, here's the definitions of these three categories.

What's your definition of working things? Respectively, it's dun cheng nu pa. Good, it can perform a...

Excuse me again, sorry. No, it can perform a function. Yeah, it can perform a function.

Okay, and what's your definition of lun me? It's dun cheng nu tong. It's empty of being able to perform a function.

Good, and now, what's your definition of something which crosses over both? And he says... That category, right?

Remember Jason Derulo in words text? Isn't it nice when you get points for listening to words text and suddenly it shows up in your text? Okay, yeah.

The thing which is the category over what? Nu pa and lun me. Yeah, over working things and non-working things.

Now, this is difficult, you guys. He's saying, I'm thinking of a set. I'm thinking of a set of three things.

Oh, okay, what's in the set? Well, first there's things which do something. Okay, that's all right.

What's the second thing? Oh, the second thing is the things that don't do anything. Okay, and what's the third thing?

The third thing is the category itself that includes working things and things that don't work. Want to say that? Okay, hey, I'm thinking of a thing.

What? I'm thinking of everything there is. You, I'm thinking of you, everything there is.

Okay, I want to divide it into categories. Okay, go man. What's your first category?

Oh, dun je nupa, anything that performs a function. Okay, I got it. What's your second category?

Oh, dun je nu tong, things that exist but don't perform a function. All right, what's your third category? Everything that includes both of those.

[Speaker 3]
Which probably should go into ngome.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, actually you're right. Yeah, it seems like the categories as you have them defined should already kind of set the point. Yeah.

By the way, it's not a crazy question because we're struggling with the idea of is there a category that includes yupa and mepa? Yeah, I mean you could say there is. Can't you say all the things in the universe are either existing or not existing?

[Speaker 3]
Well, you put it weird, so no.

[Speaker 1]
I don't know. That's what I... You see, we're struggling with this idea and I have seen it debated fiercely on the debate ground.

Is there a set bigger than you?

[Speaker 3]
Dagme.

[Speaker 1]
Oh yeah, okay, your dagme thing. I like it, it might work. Yeah, it probably does work actually.

Okay, here we go, Adam. We're going to try to poke holes in his... We're going to try to poke bhugas.

What's bhuga?

[Speaker 3]
A hole in the wall.

[Speaker 1]
We're going to try to poke holes in his argument. By the way, in the Abhidharma system, bhuga is a synonym for namkha.

[Speaker 2]
For the sky? Hold on.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah. Okay, but that's a long story. Okay, here we go.

All right, Alex, you're still checking him. Hopefully he'll make a mistake. Adam, be compassionate.

Okay. YANG RIGS NI GCIG PA'I PHYIR MA SGRUB PA'I PHYIR All right, I didn't hear you make a lot of compassionate mistakes, but okay. All right.

DE NI MI TE DE I don't like your system of saying that everything in the universe has three divisions, things that do something, things that don't do something, and everything that includes things that do something and don't do something, okay? Now, we start mentioning different kinds of ways of dividing the universe, okay? And we say, okay, if this is supposed to be a division of the universe which includes everything, okay, all right, like the different kinds of fruits, right?

Is it comprehensive?

[Speaker 2]
Right.

[Speaker 1]
No, it doesn't include everything in the universe. You see what I mean? So look, are you trying to make a division which includes everything in the universe?

Yes. Okay, then since everything in the universe, ZHES BYA THA DAG, is already fixed at two, okay? Everything in the universe is already fixed, BYANG NGES, fixed number.

How many? Two. Why?

Functioning things and things that exist but don't function, okay? All right. So then, if it's fixed at two, all right, if the things in the universe are fixed at two, what's the two?

Things that do something and things that don't do something, okay? Then, if that covers everything, then it's DON MED PA. What's that, Adam?

It's DON MED PA. It has no meaning, it has no purpose. It's meaningless for you to come up with a...

YE DGOL is an idiom that you guys don't know, okay? YE DGOL GSUM PA means another category, okay? A third category.

YE DGOL means a category, okay? Then it's meaningless for you to come up with a third category that mixes the other two. If the whole universe is divided into things that do...

This is like some companies I've owned. It all divided into people who were working and people who weren't working, okay? It's just the percentage that's important, okay?

So anyway, look, if the universe is fixed at things that do something and things that exist but don't do something, then how can you come up with a third category? It doesn't make any sense. And you call it TU MONG GI CHOS.

It's almost an insult, right? You came up with this new weird name, hybrid. Hybrid, it covers both, okay?

Got it? You guys okay? It's just like somebody asked a difficult homework question.

It's super quiet. We're over time, Gun. Yeah, thank God.

We have a whole two months to figure this out. Okay, Adam, but we're going, Adam.

[Speaker 2]
Tony thanks you for the comic relief.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, yeah, yeah. It's kind of simple, right? I mean, if something...

It's not very difficult. Yeah. It's not very difficult.

You know, it's a language problem. If this was in English, we wouldn't have such a trouble with it. It's just a language problem.

Hey, Seiji, don't comb his hair. It makes me feel bad. It was Noor, as always.

Oh, man. Noor, how can you comb his hair? You're going to make grandpa feel bad.

How's his ear? How's his ear doing?

[Speaker 3]
Not very good, actually. He needs to be on antibiotics.

[Speaker 1]
Which ear? Left. Left ear, okay, left ear, okay.

[Speaker 2]
Oh, God, oh, God.

[Speaker 1]
Well, Geshe-la, can I take this moment to say a couple of words? Yes, please. I'll try not to interrupt you, which is totally not my nature.

We'll see what happens. That's the end of the term. Thank you so much.

That was amazing, everybody. I know, but don't worry. We have another one coming up really soon.

It's just enough time for us to finish our translations within the deadline that we generally set for ourselves. So I'll send an email to all the translators for when. But what's the dates again?

I think it's February 7th to 20th, right? Yeah, the next term will be February 7th to 20th. So please mark it on your calendars.

Please, everybody, come. Please tell all your friends and everyone you know that they're stupid if they don't come and they're missing this incredible. All right, don't say that.

But they're missing this incredible, incredible opportunity that is a very rare thing in the world. And I just want to say a couple of special thank yous. First of all, of course, thank you to the Mixed Nuts, including two brand new Mixed Nuts that happened this term, Tim and Gibson.

That's amazing. We're really lucky to have you guys. And I know that you've been working hard for a long time.

And you're both of your Tibetan is improving. I mean, I see it. I've been improving dramatically from what I can tell with my limited knowledge.

But you guys are great. And I'm excited to have you studying alongside us. And I'm excited for more texts, too, because this just isn't quite enough.

Right, Geshe Michael? Special thanks to all the translators. You guys are incredible.

You do an impossible job. And everybody does it well. And you do it quietly, but not too quietly, of course, but graciously.

And Tim, special thanks to you. Of course, you archive. You do a lot for us, man.

You set up the translation. You get everything running smoothly. And nobody else has to worry.

And we just all get our classes. And we get a really seamless and smooth production. So thank you so much for that.

And especially for saving things in a way that we can easily find them. It's so beneficial. And you'll know exactly what I mean soon.

And of course, extra special thanks to the man who makes it all possible, who studied for 50-something thousand years to get to the place where he could bring it to us. And I don't think we're worthy of what you bring. It's impossible to do what you do and to do what you've done.

It's incredible. I don't think that there's any comparison. There's no person in this world who can compare.

And we're so grateful for you to be here and do this for us. And please keep us close and keep teaching us. And we're doing our best.

And I see improvement. And I just beg you to please keep teaching us. OK.

And I know that it's not much. We don't have much to offer. We know, as you can see, practically nothing.

But hopefully, there's a rain of red envelopes hitting your PayPal right now, at least. Yeah, I think the internet broke. All right.

All right. Cool. And yeah, so I gave the right email address.

I like it.

[Speaker 2]
Thank you, Nick, for taking such good care of us.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, thanks for putting up with me. And just keep coming. Just keep coming.

Help us get more people involved, because we just need to keep getting more people involved with the Mixed Nuts. We need to grow, because we need to do this for a really long time. And we have our work cut out for us.

Those of us who spend our time translating realize it's a long process. It's kind of slow sometimes, right, Adam? Yeah.

Ben just wrote like 60 bibliography entries. He's just spending his time writing bibliography. We all need support to keep it going.

So go to the Diamond Cutter Classics website. Do rolling monthly donations, if you can. And share this with the world, with people that you know, if you can.

Because it's a really important and beautiful project. And I think probably the best way that we can thank Geshe Michael, besides just thanking him, is to us ourselves keep it going. However we can.

Doing whatever we can. So if you're good at Tibetan, or you're good at languages, and you want to get involved that way, or you're good at your language, and you want to interpret, we can use your help. If you have a little extra cash, we could use that help in terms of donations.

We could use it all. Because we're putting it to good use. Because we're trying to take these ideas and save the world.

[Speaker 2]
Is there a link to sign up for the next course already?

[Speaker 1]
No, that's a good idea. I'll send it to all your email addresses. We're going to hit you up hard for the next term.

But yeah, February 7th to 20th, put it on your calendars. We still have to set up the next term and everything. But it is coming soon.

So before the spring. Thank you, Geshe-la. Thank you, thank you, thank you.

[Speaker 2]
Thanks to everyone who does sponsor us already. We really appreciate it.

[Speaker 1]
Yeah, my stomach does. Yes, seriously. Thank you so much.

Please keep coming. I know it's very difficult. When it's hard to understand, you are learning something.

When it's easy to understand, you already learned that. You don't need it. I'm very, very proud of everyone.

You didn't run away when it got difficult. You didn't quit. Nobody fell asleep.

Nobody was snoring that I heard. And it's very difficult things. And it's stretching your mind.

And so just relax. Come to the mixed nuts. Just listen.

And your mind will grow. And you'll see emptiness. Okay.

Thank you. I promise. Okay.

Let's let Geshe-la Michael rest.

[Speaker 2]
Yeah.

[Speaker 1]
So I could do Connie's Nirmal. Okay, bye.

[Speaker 2]
Thanks, Nick, for putting up with us. Thank you, Geshe-la.